MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION

Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of Polytechnic

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

Academic Year: 2024-25

TITLE OF MICRO PROJECT

Setup Static & Dynamic DHCP Server

Program: Compute Technology

Program code: CM5I
Course: Advanced Computer
Network.
Course code: 22520

1
 MSPM’s
Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of
Polytechnic
Department of Computer Technology.

is
Submitted by
Chavan Rohini (3202)
of 5th semester of diploma in Computer Technology of
YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN INSTITUTE OF POLYTECHNIC
(code:1158) has completed the term work satisfactorily in subject
Advanced Computer Network. (22520) for the academic year 2024 to
2025 as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place: - Beed Enrollment no: 2211580116

Date: / /202 Exam seat no:

Subject Teacher Head of department Principal

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 Micro-Project Proposal
 Brief Description
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that
automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other
related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway. RFCs
2131 and 2132 define DHCP as an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard
based on Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), a protocol with which DHCP shares many
implementation details. DHCP allows hosts to obtain required TCP/IP configuration
information from a DHCP server

 Aim of Micro Project

1.Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following features to reduce
network administration:
2.Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.
3.The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.
4.The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration values by
means of DHCP options

 Actual Resources Used

S.NO Name Of Specifications Qty
Resources/Materia
l
Computer System 2GB RAM 1
Processor: Corei3.
HDD: 500GB or Larger.

3
 2 Software Ubuntu Operating System 1

3 Any Other Internet

Resources
 Weekly Progress Report
Micro Project: - Topic: Setup Static & Dynamic
DHCP Server.
Academic Year: 2024-2025
Name of Faculty: Mr. Swami G.D
Program Code: computer Technology (CM5I).
Course & Course Code: Advanced Computer Network.(22520).
Roll No: 3202 Enrollment No:2211580116.
Name of Candidate: Chavan Rohini
SR. Week Activity of Performed Planned start Planned
NO Date Finish Date

1. 1st Discussion and

finalization of topic
2. 2nd Preparation and submission
of Abstract
3. 3th Collection of Data

4. 4th Implementation

5. 5th Check, Validation and

Execution of code
6. 6th Compilation of Report and
Presentation
7. 7th Actual Presentation
& Final submission
of Micro Project
s

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 INDEX

SR.NO CONTENT Page.no

1. Brief Description 1

2. Aim of the Micro-Project 1

3. Course Outcomes Integrated 2

4. Literature Review 2-4

5. Actual Procedure Followed 4-7

6. Actual Resources Used 7

7. Outputs of Micro-Project 7-11

8. Skill Developed/learning out of this 11-12

Micro-Project
9. Application of this Micro 12
Project
10. Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet 13-15
1
 Setup Static & Dynamic DHCP Server.
1. Brief Description:

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management

protocol used to dynamically assign an IP address to any new node
entering the network. DHCP permits a node to be configured
automatically, thereby avoiding the necessity of involvement by a
network administrator.
It Manages the provision of all the nodes added or dropped from the
network
Maintains the unique IP address of the host using a DHCP server
Sends a request to the DHCP server whenever a client/node, which is
configured to work with DHCP, connects to a network. The server
acknowledges by providing an IP address to the client/nod

2. Aim of Micro Project:

1. Reliable IP address configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration
errors caused by manual IP address configuration, such as
typographical errors, or address conflicts caused by the assignment
of an IP address to more than one computer at the same time.

2.Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following

features to reduce network administration:

3.Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.

4.The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.

5.The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration

values by means of DHCP options.

6.The efficient handling of IP address changes for clients that must be

updated frequently, such as those for portable devices that move to
different locations on a wireless network.

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 7.The forwarding of initial DHCP messages by using a DHCP relay
agent, which eliminates the need for a DHCP server on every subnet.

3. Course Outcomes integrated:

1.Implement Network layer Protocols.
2.Configure routing protocol in the given network
situation. 3. Implement different Transport Layer
Protocols. 4.Configure various Application Layer
Protocols

4. Literature Review:
A DHCP server is used to issue unique IP addresses and automatically
configure other network information. In most homes and small businesses,
the router acts as the DHCP server. In large networks, a single computer
might act as the DHCP server.

In short, the process goes like this: A device (the client) requests an IP
address from a router (the host), after which the host assigns an available IP
address to allow the client to communicate on the network. A bit more
detail below...

Once a device is turned on and connected to a network that has a DHCP

server, it will
send a request to the server, called a DHCPDISCOVER request.

After the DISCOVER packet reaches the DHCP server, the server attempts
to hold on to an IP address that the device can use, and then offers the
client the address with a
DHCPOFFER packet.

Once the offer has been made for the chosen IP address, the device
responds to the DHCP server with a DHCPREQUEST packet to accept it,
after which the server sends an ACK that's used to confirm that the device
has that specific IP address and to define the amount of time that the
device can use the address before getting a new one.

If the server decides that the device cannot have the IP address, it will send
a NACK. All of this, of course, happens very quickly and you don't need to

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know any of the technical details you just read in order to get an IP address
from a DHCP server.

Pros and Cons of Using DHCP

A computer, or any other device that connects to a network (local or
internet), must be properly configured to communicate on that network.
Since DHCP allows that configuration to happen automatically, it's used in
almost every device that connects to a network including computers,
switches, smartphones, gaming consoles, etc.

Because of this dynamic IP address assignment, there's less of a chance

that two devices will have the same IP address, which is very easy to run
into when using manually-assigned, static IP addresses.

Using DHCP also makes a network much easier to manage. From an

administrative
point of view, every device on the network can get an IP address with
nothing more than their default network settings, which is set up to obtain
an address automatically. The only other alternative is to manually assign
addresses to each and every device on the network.

Because these devices can get an IP address automatically, they can move
freely from one network to another (given that they're all set up with
DHCP) and receive an IP address automatically, which is super helpful
with mobile devices.

In most cases, when a device has an IP address assigned by a DHCP

server, that IP address will change each time the device joins the network.
If IP addresses are assigned manually, it means administration must not
only give out a specific address to each new client, but existing addresses
that are already assigned must be manually unassigned for any other device
to use that same address. This is not only time- consuming, but manually
configuring each device also increases the chance of running into human-
made errors.

Though there are plenty of advantages to using DHCP, there are certainly
some disadvantages as well. Dynamic, changing IP addresses should not be
used for devices that are stationary and need constant access, like printers
and file servers.

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Although devices like that exist predominantly in office environments, it's
impractical to assign them with an ever-changing IP address. For example,
if a network printer has an IP address that will change at some point in the
future, then every computer that's connected to that printer will have to
regularly update their settings so their computers will understand how to
contact the printer.

This type of setup is extremely unnecessary and can be easily avoided by

not using DHCP for those types of devices, and instead by assigning a
static IP address to them.

The same idea comes into play if you need to have permanent remote
access to a computer in your home network. If DHCP is enabled, that
computer will get a new IP address at some point, which means the one
you've recorded as that computer having, will not be accurate for long. If
you're using remote access software that relies on a IP address-based
access, you'll need to use a static IP address for that device.

More Information On DHCP

A DHCP server defines a scope, or range, of IP addresses that it uses to

serve devices with an address. This pool of addresses is the only way a
device can obtain a valid network connection.

This is another reason DHCP is so useful - because it allows lots of devices

to connect to a network over a period of time without needing a massive
pool of available addresses. For example, even if only 20 addresses are
defined by the DHCP server, 30, 50, or even 200 (or more) devices can
connect to the network so long as no more than 20 are using one of the
available IP address simultaneously.

Because DHCP assigns IP addresses for a specific period of time (a lease

period), using commands like ipconfig to find your computer's IP address
will yield different results over time.

Though DHCP is used to deliver dynamic IP addresses to its clients, it

doesn't mean static IP addresses can't also be used at the same time. A
mixture of devices that are getting dynamic addresses and devices that
have their IP addresses manually assigned to them, can both exist on the
same network.
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 Even an ISP uses DHCP to assign IP addresses. This can be seen when
identifying your public IP address. It will likely change over time unless
your home network has a static IP address, which is usually only the case
for businesses that have publicly accessible web services.

In Windows, APIPA assigns a special temporary IP address when the

DHCP server fails to deliver a functional one to a device, and uses this
address until it can obtain one that works.

The Dynamic Host Configuration Working Group of the Internet

Engineering Task Force created DHCP.

5. Actual Procedure Followed:

Introduction
A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and
assigns IP addresses, default gateways and other network parameters to
client devices. It relies on he standard protocol known as Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol or DHCP to respond to broadcast queries by clients.

A DHCP server automatically sends the required network parameters for

clients to properly communicate on the network. Without it, the network
administrator has to manually set up every client that joins the network,
which an be cumbersome, especially in large networks.

DHCP servers usually assign each client with a unique dynamic IP address,
which changes when the client’s lease for that IP address has expired

How it work?

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that is commonly

used in networks for dynamic IP addressing configuration. Every user’s device
needs at least IP address to join the network and connect to services. When
computer first connects to local network with cable or Wi-Fi SSID, first thing is to
look for IP address, netmask, default gateway and DNS servers.

How does DHCP work?

Host connecting to network (cable or wireless) sends DHCP discover

message to all hosts in Layer 2 segment (destination address is
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF). Frame with this DISCOVER message hits the DHCP
Server.
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DHCP Discover packet

After the DHCP Server receives discover message it suggests the IP

addressing offering to the client host by unicast. This OFFER message
contains:

proposed IP address for client (here 192.168.1.10)

subnet mask to identify the subnet space (here

255.255.255.0)

IP of default gateway for subnet (here 192.168.1.1)

IP of DNS server for name translations (here 8.8.8.8)

Now after the client receives the offer it requests the information officially
sending REQUEST message to server this time by unicast.

Server sends ACKNOWLEDGE message confirming the DHCP lease to

client. Now client is allowed to use new IP settings.

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What information getting from DHCP are necessary and which are optional?

In theory, only IP address and mask is needed for device to work. This is true
in scenario that device is within the same subnet with other devices and
communicates with others knowing their IP addresses. In such way there is
no need for going beyond own subnet and that’s why gateway is not needed.
Using only IP addresses for communication also eliminates the need of name
translations so DNS is still optional. However, in real world scenarios most
of communication goes beyond the subnet and relays on Fully Qualified
Domain Names (FQDN).

In addition to necessary DHCP parameters there are DHCP options like

popular Option 150 used in IP Telephony to inform IP Phones about the IP
address of IP PBX for proper phone registration – for example Cisco Call
Manager or Asterisk PBX. Almost all DHCP server vendors are able to pass
DHCP options.

What if DHCP server is not in the same subnet?

You can ask yourself if there is a need for having DHCP server in the same
L2 segment
(VLAN), because DHCP OFFER message relays on broadcast destination
address which is good for the same subnet only. Right trace! But for the sake
of DHCP scalability there is option to have DHCP server outside the subnet. In
such solution DHCP discover packets typically getting to default gateway
interface are transformed into unicast packets (DHCP discover embedded
message) with giaddr field that tells server about logical attachment
identification. Packet is sent directly to IP of server located somewhere in
routable IP cloud. Giaddr helps the DHCP server to find the correct address
pool for granting the address.

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6. Actual Resources Used:
S.NO Name Of Specifications Qty
Resources/material

Computer System 2GB RAM 1

Processor: Corei3.
HDD: 500GB or
Larger.
2 Software Ubuntu Operating System 1

3 Any Other Internet

Resources

7. Outputs of Micro-Project:
 Install the DHCP server role on Windows Server 2008, follow these steps:

 Choose Start→Administrative Tools→Server Manager

 The Manage Your Server application appears

 click the Roles link and then click Add a Role

 The Add Roles Wizard appears.

.
 click Next to get the wizard started

 The wizard displays a list of available server roles.

 Select DHCP Server from the list of roles and then click Next.

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 The wizard displays an explanation of DHCP.

 Click Next.

 The wizard displays a list of the server’s network connections that have
static IP addresses, as shown in the following illustration. (In this
example, only one network connection has a static IP address assigned.
Most network servers will have at least two.)

Select the static IP addresses you want to use for the DHCP server. Then
click next.
The wizard asks for the DNS configuration information, as shown below

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1. Enter the domain name and DNS servers. To enter a DNS server, type
its address in the IP address text box and then click Add.

You typically have more than one DNS server.

2. Click Next.
The wizard next asks for the WINS configuration information.

3. (Optional) If you want to enable WINS, enter the WINS server

configuration and then click next.

4. To create a new scope, click the Add Scope button

5.The wizard asks for a name and description for the new scope, as shown
below.

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12
1. Enter the information for the new scope.

You must enter the following information:

o Scope Name: The name can be anything you want. Use a generic
name such as Office or your company name unless you’re creating
two or more scopes. Then, the names should indicate the function of
each scope.

o Scope Starting IP Address: This is the lowest IP address that will be

issued for this scope.

o Scope Ending IP Address: This is the highest IP address that will be

issued for this scope.

o Subnet Mask: This is the subnet mask issued for IP addresses in this
scope.

o Default Gateway: This is the default gateway address that will be

used for this
scope. This is usually the address of your router.

o Subnet type: Choose Wired or Wireless. The difference is how long

the IP address will be valid. For wired networks, the addresses will be
valid for six days. For wireless networks, the addresses will expire in
eight hours.

2. Select the Activate This Scope check box and then Click OK.
The scope is created, as shown below.

1
1. If you want to create additional scopes, repeat steps 10–12.

You can create as many scopes as you want for your DHCP server.

2. When you finish creating scopes, click Next.

The wizard asks whether you want to enable stateless mode, which is used for
IPv6.
Disable this mode unless dealing with IPv6 clients is important to your network.

3. Click Next.

The wizard asks for the credentials to use when creating this DHCP
server. The default is to use your current login credentials.

4. Click Next.

The wizard displays a confirmation screen that summarizes the settings

you’ve entered for the DHCP server.

5. Click Install.

1
 The DHCP server is created. This might take a few minutes. When
the server is finished, a final results page is displayed to confirm that
the server was properly installed.

6. Click Close.

You’re done!

8. Skilled Developed/Learning Outcome of this Micro-Project:

a) Practical Outcomes:

1. Configure File Transfer Protocol (FTP) using relevant software.

2. Configure Hyper Transfer Protocol (HTTP) using relevant software.
3. Configure Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) using relevant
software.
4. Configure Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP) using relevant
software.
5. Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) using
relevant software.

b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive Domain:

1. Explain function of the given application layer protocol

2. Explain function of the given FTP command.
3. Explain working of the Architecture of Electronic Mail.

4. Explain process of resolving the given host name into IP address

using DNS.
5. Explain working of the given DHCP.

c) Outcomes in Affective Domain:

1. Implement Network layer Protocols.

2. Configure routing protocol in the given network situation.
3. Implement different Transport Layer Protocols.
4. Configure various Application Layer Protocols

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9. Application of this Micro-Project:
Efficiency. It's easier than configuring each node/host statically (manually),
both initially and then if/when the LAN topology ever changes and the host
moves networks (e.g., laptops, phones, etc.).

Simplicity. DHCP provides the ability to assign (and manage) more multiple
parameters (is more than just the host IP address), required parameters
such as the subnet mask, and very helpful (required for most needs) things
like the default gateway, DNS servers (and domain name). Then there are
optional things like TFTP servers and time (NTP) servers, log servers, etc.

Security. DHCP provides an audit trail for who (what MAC and client-ID)
had an IP address at what time. It can also be used in a security context,
where a router may require a host within a subnet to have obtained it's IP via
DHCP, else it will deny/block it.

Name & Signature of Course Teacher

(MR. Swami G.D)

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 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet
Name of Student: - Chavan Rohini Enrollment No :2211580116
Name of Programme: - COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
Semester: -V Course Title: - Advanced Computer Network Code: -
22520
Title of the Micro-Project: - Setup Static & Dynamic DHCP Server
Outcomes Achieved: -
1. Implement Network layer Protocol
2. Configure IPv6 Network
3. Choose routing protocols
4. Implement different transport layer protocols
5. Configure various applications layer protocols

Sr. Characteristic to Poor Average Good Excellent Sub

No be accessed (Marks 1-3) (Marks 4-5) (Marks (Marks 9-10) Total
. 68)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Convert above total marks out of 6 marks)

Relevance to the course

1
2 Literature Review/information
collection

3 Completion of the Target as per

project proposal

4 Analysis of Data and

representation

Quality of Prototype/Model
5
Report Preparation
6
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (Convert above total marks out of 4 marks)

Presentation
7
Viva
8

1
 (A) (B)
Process and Product Assessment (6 Individual Presentation/Viva (4 Total (Marks
marks) marks) 10)

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
Name and Designation of the Teacher
Mr. Swami G. D
Dated Signature……………………………………………………………