1. Noemi has memorized the “Panatang Makabayan” (Patriotic Oath) since her elementary days. She always recites it during the morning ceremonies before the class starts. Reciting this oath is an example of this speech style. A. Consultative B. Formal C. Frozen D. Intimate 2. Marcus was tasked to give a message in a virtual moving-up ceremony. The said situation is an example of this speech style. A. Consultative B. Formal C. Frozen D. Intimate 3. These are the considerations in achieving communicative competence. a speech context b speech style c speech act d communicative strategies A. a and b only C. b and d only B. a and c only D. all the above 4. This is characterized by considering the kinds of audience and situations or environment in which the communication takes place. A. Communicative strategy C. Speech context B. Speech act D. Speech style 5. Every morning, Sarah faces the mirror and talks to herself asking what clothes to wear for the day, what food to eat and what things to do. This scenario is one of the many typical samples of this type of speech context. A. Interpersonal C. Public B. Intrapersonal D. All the above 6. This type of speech context requires interaction with a small number of individuals. A. Interpersonal B. Intrapersonal C. Public D. All the above 7. You were part of a student council campaign and were asked to prepare a 3-minute rebuttal speech on the issue of cyber-bullying. As an advocate, you spoke in front everybody during the meeting-de-avance. This scenario is one of the many types of this speech context. A. Interpersonal B. Intrapersonal C. Public D. All the above 8. This type of speech style occurs between and among family members. A. Casual B. Consultative C. Formal D. Intimate 9. This type of speech style happens between and among friends and acquaintances. A. Casual B. Consultative C. Formal D. Intimate 10. Danica asked Olivia, “Have you talked to Ms. De Leon about our project?” The possible perlocutionary effect of this question is shown in this act. A. Olivia gets upset with Danica for the reminder. B. Danica urges Olivia to converse with Ms. De Leon. C. Ms. De Leon accepts Olivia and Danica’s project. D. Olivia approaches Ms. De Leon regarding the project. 11. The teacher, due to modular distance learning delivery, has asked for the mobile numbers, email or social media accounts and other contact information of the students. The corresponding illocutionary act of the utterance, “May I have your contact details please?” is this. A. Beg B. Demand C. Insist D. Request 12. This aspect of speech act refers to the utterance of the speaker to a specific situation for an intended discourse impact. A. Illocutionary B. Locutionary C. Personality D. Perlocutionary 13. One day, Gina and Marissa saw one another along the corridors. Marissa smiled and waved her hand to Gina. Approaching, Gina said “Hi! How are you?” This communication strategy is exemplified here. A. Nomination B. Repair C. Topic-shifting D. Turn-taking 14. This is the communication strategy that allows a smooth transition or shift from one topic to another. A. Nomination B. Repair C. Topic-shifting D. Turn-taking 15. To ensure that the topic is fully discussed and clarified, Mr. Cortez, the facilitator, tries his best to stir the conversation strictly within the confines of the agenda. This communication strategy is employed here by Mr. Cortez. A. Nomination B. Repair C. Topic-shifting D. Turn-taking
DISCUSSION:
Factors affected by a shift in Speech Context, Speech Style, Speech Act, and Communicative Strategy
Language Form This refers to the formality or informality of the language used, and it involves the choice of words and how sentences or utterances are structured. Formal language is used when talking with professionals or persons in authority in a formal, official or ceremonial occasion, situation, gathering or event. Talking with a lawyer, a doctor or even with your teacher often creates a formal ambiance in communication. Informal language, on the other hand, is used without much consideration for rules of convention or etiquette. It is casual and mostly not well-thought-of or prepared because it is used to communicate with people with whom you have close association with like parents, siblings and friends. Duration of Interaction This refers to the amount of time a conversation takes between and among communicators. Relationship of Speaker This refers to the speech style used by the speaker suited to his/her relationship with the person with whom he/she is communicating. Styles can be classified as intimate, frozen, consultative, casual or formal. Intimate style – the speaker talks to family members, best friends or romantic partners. This may comprise private conversations or personal interactions. Frozen – the speaker addresses an audience in a formal gathering such as ceremonial events, Eucharistic celebrations or even court hearings. The style is “set” or “fixed” and thus, it rarely or never changes. Audience feedback is not required. Consultative – the speaker communicates with a person whom he/she may have to clarify things, discuss a problem, or seek advice. Casual – the speaker shares close and personal information with friends, classmates or colleagues. This ordinarily occurs in everyday life. Formal – the speaker must deliver a pre-planned or written speech to address a crowd of people such as giving opening remarks during a seminar, or the president making a public announcement or delivering SONA. Role and Responsibility of This refers to the role and responsibility of the speaker which will depend on the purpose Speaker and context of communication. The speaker may be a person who gives information and additional knowledge to another person or an audience, someone who convinces others for a cause or an individual who provokes laughter for diversion and fun. Hence, his responsibility depends on his purpose for communication which may be to inform, to persuade, or to entertain Message This involves the content of the message. The message may be facts, opinion, feelings, order, suggestions, and questions. TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT 1. Intrapersonal Communication- communication involves one person; it is often called “self-talk” Wood, J. (1997). - explains how we use language to reflect on our own experiences, we talk to ourselves through situations. e.g. The voice within you that tells you, “Keep on going!” “I can do it!” 2. Interpersonal Communication- involves two people and can range from intimate and very personal to formal and impersonal. Ex: Conversation with a loved one, sharing a serious concern. Types of Interpersonal Context: a. Dyad Communication. It is a communication that occurs between two people. b. Small Group. It is communication that involves at least three but not more than twelve people engaging in face-to-face interaction. 3. Public Communication a. One person speaks to a group of people. b. It refers to the type of communication that requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group. c. It needs to have a loud voice; gestures are also important, and we can use visuals or power point presentation while delivering our speech. 4. Mass Communication- also called mass media. It takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, internet and other types of media. Delivery This refers to the manner of delivery involving verbal and nonverbal cues made by the speaker. Delivery can be classified as: extemporaneous – speaking with limited preparation and guided by notes or outline. impromptu – speaking without advanced preparation or unrehearsed speech. memorized – planned and rehearsed speech. manuscript – reading aloud a written message. Purpose can be classified as: Informative – This speech serves to provide interesting and useful information to your audience. Demonstrative Speeches – This has many similarities with an informative speech. A demonstrative speech also teaches you something. The main difference lies in including a demonstration of how to do the thing you’re teaching. Persuasive – A persuasive speech works to convince people to change in some way: what they think, the way they do something, or to start doing something that they are not currently doing. Occasional/Entertaining — the speaker provides pleasure and enjoyment that make the audience laugh or identify with anecdotal information. COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES 1. Nomination- speaker tries to open a topic with the people he/she is talking to. 2. Restriction- any limitation you may have as a speaker. Instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say. e.g. You might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver a speech on drug addiction. 3. Turn-taking- process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor because sometimes people are given unequal opportunities. Primary Idea - give all communicators a chance to speak. 4. Topic Control- covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in conversations. E.g. In meetings, you may only have a turn to speak after the chairperson directs you to do so. (In contrast this with a casual conversation with friends over lunch or coffee where you may take the conversational floor anytime) 5. Topic Shifting- involves moving from one topic to another. It is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins. 6. Repair- refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation; Self-initiated or other- initiated. e.g. If everybody in the conversation seems to talk at the same time, give way and appreciate others’ initiative to set the conversation back to its topic. 7. Termination- participants initiate expressions that end a topic in a conversation. Strategy: Although not all topics may have clear ends, try to signal the end of the topic through concluding cues. e.g. -Share what you learned from the conversation. - Solicit agreement from the other participants (usually completes the discussion of the topic meaningfully)
ACTIVITY 2: General Directions: Perform the activities to better understand the concept of communicative competence and how it works. Follow the indicated directions for each activity.
A. Speech Context (Performance Task 50 pts)
1. Crop pictures from newspapers or magazines or take pictures online showing the following types of communicative context: b. Intrapersonal c. Interpersonal (dyad & small group) d. Public e. Mass 2. Using the pictures, create a photo collage. Paste it on a short coupon bond or on a word page (if pictures were taken online). 3. Write one (1) sentence dialogue or speech script for each picture to show the differences among the five speech context.
B. Speech Style (15 pts)
Directions: Unscramble the words to form statements that exemplify each of the given speech styles: 1. Intimate – will am I and father I you against harm all your protect. 2. Casual – friend, my, you sister are a to almost me Gwynette. 3. Frozen – Let before start the Lord’s prayer us we the program say finally. 4. Consultative – let Doctor, what me to take for illness my know medicine. 5. Formal – the Graduates, are motherland hope the you our of! Answers: 1. Intimate – ________________________________________________________ 2. Casual – _________________________________________________________ 3. Frozen – _________________________________________________________ 4. Consultative – _________________________________________________________ 5. Formal – __________________________________________________________
C. Speech Acts (15 pts)
Directions: Write your communication to the following target audience given a specific context. Do this in 2-5 sentences for each number. You are to inform the following groups about the harmful effects of the typhoons that our country has been facing for many weeks. a. A group of professional commuting to and from work _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ b. A group of children/students _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ c. A group of tricycle drivers _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
