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Maths Project

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12 views10 pages

Maths Project

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pproject345
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Mathematics-III Project

HEAVISIDE'S UNIT STEP FUNCTION.


Name of Students Roll No.
Om Dhatrak
Soham Kambli
Jaideep
CONTENTS
Introduction and
Definition

Properties

Where do we use it
and how?

Laplace Transform of unit step functionand


Representation of Heaviside’s function
Introduction
The Unit Step Function, or Heaviside Function, is used in

engineering to describe sudden changes in a system, like turning

a voltage on or off in a circuit at a specific time, usually . This

function helps model such switching processes mathematically.


Definition :

The unit step function, or , is a function of

time. It equals 0 when is negative and 1 when

is positive. Graphically, it shows a sudden

jump from 0 to 1 at .

Above image is a mathematical

representation.
Properties of the Heaviside Function:

Value at Different Points:


• H(t) = 0 when t < 0

• H(t) = 1 when t > 0

• At t = 0 , the value can be considered either 0 or 1 (sometimes taken

as 0.5 for convenience).

Continuity: Piecewise Nature:


• The function is It's defined in pieces for

discontinuous t = 0 negative and

because it jumps from 0 positive values of t.

to 1 instantly.
Where do we use it?

The function is Heaviside's unit It is used to It represents a


commonly used in step function calculate currents signal that
the mathematics of represents unit when electric switches on at a
control theory and output of a system circuit is switches specified time
signal processing. with possible time on. stays switched
lead or lag on indefinitely.
How do we use it?

Heaviside functions can only take

values 0 or 1, but we can also use them

to get other kinds of switches.

Example: 4u (t) is a switch that is off until t = c

and then turns on and takes a value 4.

Now, suppose we want a switch that is on (with

a value 1) and then turns off at t = c.

We can represent this by 1-u(t) = {1-0=1}; if t <

c {1-1=0}; if t≥ c
Laplace transform of Unit
Step function H(t)
By definition of Laplace transform :

L[f(t)] = f(s) = integrate e ^ (- s * t) * f(t) dt from 0 to

∞ L[u(t)]= overline u(s) = integrate e ^ (- s * t) * u(t) dt

from 0 to ∞ = integrate e ^ (- s * t) * 1 dt from 0 to ∞ =

- 1/s * [0 - 1] = 1/s

L[u(t)]= overline u(s) = 1/s


Representation of a function using
Heaviside's Functions
• It is more convenient to represent a function with the help of unit step function

• A function f(t) can be represented in different ways using Heaviside's function.

1. F(t).H(t)

2. F(t).H(t-a)

3. F(t-a).H(t)

4. F(t-a).H(t-b)

5. F(t) from t=atot=b


THANK YOU

Branch: AIML Date:20/10/24

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