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Sheet (1) - Introduction

Thermodynamics

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71 views4 pages

Sheet (1) - Introduction

Thermodynamics

Uploaded by

32eeryy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fayoum University Thermodynamics -

Faculty of Engineering 2 nd Year – 1 st Term


Mechanical Engineering Department 2019/2020

Sheet (1) – GAS POWER CYCLES (Introduction)

1. Why is the Carnot cycle not suitable as an ideal cycle for all power-
producing cyclic devices?

2. What does the area enclosed by the cycle represent on a P-v diagram?
How about on a T-s diagram?

3. What is the difference between


a. The air-standard assumptions and
b. The cold-air-standard assumptions?

4. How are the combustion and exhaust processes modeled under the
air-standard assumptions?

5. What is the difference between


a. The clearance volume and
b. The displacement volume of reciprocating engines?

6. Define the compression ratio for reciprocating engines.

7. How is the mean effective pressure for reciprocating engines defined?

8. What is the difference between


a. Spark-ignition and
b. Compression-ignition engines?

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9. Define the following terms related to reciprocating engines:
a. Stroke,
b. Bore,
c. Top dead center, and
d. Bottom dead center.

10. An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats is executed in a


closed system and is composed of the following four processes:
1-2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 27°C to 800 kPa
2-3 v = constant heat addition to 1800 K
3-4 Isentropic expansion to 100 kPa
4-1 P = constant heat rejection to initial state.
a. Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams.
b. Calculate the net work output per unit mass.
c. Determine the thermal efficiency.

11. An air-standard cycle is executed in a closed system and is


composed of the following four processes:
1-2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 27°C to 1 MPa
2-3 P = constant heat addition in amount of 2800 kJ/kg
3-4 v = constant heat rejection to 100 kPa
4-1 P = constant heat rejection to initial state
Assume constant specific heats at room temperature.
a. Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams.
b. Calculate the maximum temperature in the cycle.
c. Determine the thermal efficiency.

12. An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats is executed in a


closed system and is composed of the following four processes:

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1-2 v = constant heat addition from 14.7 psia and 80°F in the amount
of 300 Btu/lbm
2-3 P = constant heat addition to 3200 R
3-4 Isentropic expansion to 14.7 psia
4-1 P = constant heat rejection to initial state
a. Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams.
b. Calculate the total heat input per unit mass.
c. Determine the thermal efficiency.

13. An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats is


executed in a closed system with 0.003 kg of air and consists of the
following three processes:
1-2 v = constant heat addition from 95 kPa and 17°C to 380 kPa
2-3 Isentropic expansion to 95 kPa
3-1 P = constant heat rejection to initial state
a. Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams.
b. Calculate the net work per cycle, in kJ.
c. Determine the thermal efficiency.

14. Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed system with 0.003 kg


of air. The temperature limits of the cycle are 300 and 900 K, and the
minimum and maximum pressures that occur during the cycle are 20
and 2000 kPa. Assuming constant specific heats, determine the net
work output per cycle.

15. An air-standard Carnot cycle is executed in a closed system


between the temperature limits of 350 and 1200 K. The pressures
before and after the isothermal compression are 150 and 300 kPa,
respectively. If the net work output per cycle is 0.5 kJ, Assume
variable specific heats for air, determine:

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a. The maximum pressure in the cycle,
b. The heat transfer to air, and
c. The mass of air.

16. Consider a Carnot cycle executed in a closed system with air as the
working fluid. The maximum pressure in the cycle is 800 kPa while
the maximum temperature is 750 K. If the entropy increase during the
isothermal heat rejection process is 0.25 kJ/kg K and the net work
output is 100 kJ/kg, determine
a. The minimum pressure in the cycle,
b. The heat rejection from the cycle, and
c. The thermal efficiency of the cycle.
d. If an actual heat engine cycle operates between the same
temperature limits and produces 5200 kW of power for an air
flow rate of 90 kg/s, determine the second law efficiency of this
cycle.

Dr. Mohamed Badr.

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