CRCULT DIAGIRAM:

House hold crcuit Comeressing of three bulbs ahd three

Switches.

FUSE
Bz two pin

Plg

A:C
nains
 No. Page No.
69
Expt.
ACTIVITY l

AIM:
To assemble a household compriSing
circuit

Haree bulbs Hhee Con-o SAitches fuse a

and a power SOurCe

APPARATUS REAUIRED:
Three bulbs Cis w,o,boN)Three on-Or
lswitches, A fuse aireAtwo pin pluglexible red

and black PVC connecEina wires, Main eINitch

THEORy AND FORMULA USED

Household circuit fUnctions on main sopply o

oD Volt at the Arequehcy of oHz

Hz
o and current
ratino of 5A of domestic Suppy or normal
appliances are in household circuit ,all appliahces
aYe connected ih parallel with Q Switch cohnected
Lin series with each appliance in Supply líne.

Also for the fu ther safety, a suitable.

Value of maio fuse is connected in Series with

PROCEDURE
J: Connect Obe end o bulb holde to red
lexible wire through a Saitch in seriecand
connect the other end of the bulb holder to
block lexible wire.

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 No. Page No.
Expt.

DConnect the three bulb- Switch conbinaton

in parallel, red ende at one point
wire ahd the
black ire ends at the other point

Z Take tAD long P:y:C wire to Serve ag

lead ire , Ohe hire is red and other is black

4 Conhect wire erde to red lead wire L

It erve as ive leac.

5. Connect the black wire ends to the lock

lead Aire L Tt will Serve as heutral lead

b-Connect he Suse wire E in live - lead L

1:Cobnect a two pin plg p at the end of

he tlwolead L and

9.Tnsert the plug p in wo- pin socked

in the maih electric board
provided

q-check the circuit ohce Qgain to thot

bousebold circuit is complete.

OBSERVATTON:
The bulb qloWS hen he Suitch ís
made on. I Stops glowinq wheh the suitch is
hoade of.
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 Date

No.
Expt. Page No. 13
PRECAUTION:
|: Moke the Switches Ohe -by - Ohe
ane them oP Oe-oy - One

S The saPey Puse Should be suitably

selected.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Electyic ciicuit using Qiven components

AmmeLer Rheostot
W

key

ResisoY

Voltmeter
 DateToOZ
Expt.
No.
Page No.
ACTIVITY 2

AIM:
To asSermbly the componente o a qiven
electical cireuit

APPARATUS REAUIRED:
Resistor, Aroneer, oltmeter, One- way key
Bottery Rheostat Connecting wire.

IPROCE DURE -

1: Make the circuit diagrom as choh

-Connect the arameter ,reostat reigtor
and battery in serie ith each other as sbolan

3:Connect volmeter in paallel with the

lgiven resistor asShown.

FoY measurement of cument louing through

the circuit anhd potential drop across the recistor
R,insertthe plug in key and odjust the
theostot. So that Ommeter and Voltrmeter chow
Sorme defecion and recoro the observatione.

5. Assembly oP elecic cureot componente

he electie circuit is complee

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 Date

Page No.
Na.
Eypt

RESULT:
elecEric
Assembly o all comDonents in the
circuit is cooplee.

UTILIIY:
Tt is USed for measuring an unknown
resistance

PRECAUTTON
in serie s in the
J-Ammeter ig connected
cirgóit

2 Voltmeter
resistor.
is conhected in parallel with

given

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Open circuit Diagram vsing qiven components:

cell
milliammeter

Votmeter

wwWw
Rheostat

Bottery
 Date z1. IOOZ
Page No.J9
Eypt.
No. ACTIITY -3

ATM:
To draw the diagram qiven open circujt

comprising
key
o at,
ammeter
t least
and voltrneter
a

Mark
of

bottery,recistoY
rheosEat,
are not connected in
propeY
Hhe compohent they
and also the
order ahd correct the circuit

circuit diaqram.

APPARATUS REÐUTRED:
approplate
Voltmeter ond an ammeter
oP

to b yolE
Eliminator of rarge
o

Yange battey
Dry cell, tO ohe way keysy rheoStat

THEORY AND FDRMULA DSED: when

said to be in a opeh circuit
A cell is
from it The circuit
jg droh
Ibo current is shown and
open circuit
diagram of cellin
a

connected as shown
in
the components
ore
the diagran
PROCEDURE - as hown and
the cìrcuit diagranm
J-Make
as Shown
Connect all the qiVen componente
Ding the k, ahd k
keeping
the cell is
ig cOnnected
2- Make sure thot the cell

and it is conneced
in with rheotat
parallel box milliammeter
serie with resistonce
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 Date

No.
Expt.
Page No. 81

ond Voltmeter is connecked ib parallel with

resistance box Also cohnec the battery
rheo to+ ndkey k according to the circuit
diaqram

3: Take out Sone

reciSance (soy 5 ohm)
Prom the resistonce box, keeping keyk open
and insert the plug in key k, now note the
reading O armmeter andvolmeter.
Adjust the battery eliminator at
4 volt
hd insert the pluq in key k, and sloly shiP
he rheostat rom let to ight and observe
he milliamneter reading

5. Stop the sliding of rheoctat ahen the

Imilliommeter Shows zero reading

b As ho cUrrent is drawh from the cell as

IE qiven zero reading the cell iis Set for

open circuit

RESULT:
When ammeter shows Zero reading
bence cell ís gaíd for be open circuit.

PRECAUTIONS'
J- Aometer Should be Conhected in series

wbile voltmeter should be connected in parallel

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 Date

Page No.
83
No.
Expt.

ith Hhe circuit.

2Cell Should be connected. in porallel

the rheostat
Z: VolEmeter andAmmeer of proper
should be USed
range

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 4
Date oSL03
Expt. No.

Page No. 35
ACTIVITY- L

AIM:
To identify a diode an LED, a resisoY and
a capacitor from mixed colleckion of such items
APPARATUS REAURED:

ransistor
A

,
mixed
Àn
collectioh
TCA
of

resistor
ED,A
A
diode
capacitve
A

THEORy AND PDRMULA DSED:

DiodeLED Resisor, Copacitor are tlO
erminal devices, while a tYansisor has three
terminal and an TC iS a mUliternminal device
lChich hag minimUm of eioht terminals )Generally
TC has flat back

From the mixture of diodeED,ransistor

IC, resistor, capacitor one can easily indentify
the transistor heiná a three device and a TC
beino mutíterminalL, i.eatleast eight terminal
devíce imply by tookihg at the various
Componente.

Rermaining two teminal device s,ie dinde,

LED, Capacitor and resistor one can utilize the
Charac teristicS o the components
Capacitor does - It not conduct when
Connected with d.c circuit

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 SNO NO OF TERMINAL CLEGS) COMPONENT
More than three legsIC CIntegratede
circuit)

Three legs TransistorASAgaA

3 Two legsraHet2brResistor, capaci tor,

Diode or LED

SND P0SSIBILITY
o CURRENT PLOW
OFo COMPONENT

Current loWS on one

directions and emni ts
Diodedo
ho light
Current flows in oneapapb2iestDu
direction
ight
& ermi ts LED 2oeto
Current flows in
directíon and it is
bothdoootlolveb
3 Resistor
Steady
Initially high currentooioote9
but
zero
decays tono capacitor
 Date

Page No.
No.
Aypt

Resistor - T giveg the consant CUr

connected
ked with d.c cirCuit
wheh

Diode - Tt conduct en forward biased

ahen
biased.
and doesn't conduct hen t fe reverse
doesh't emit light hile conducting

LED - I conduct when forward biase

biased
and doesh't conduct hen it fs rreveSe
emits light while conducting

PROCEDURE :
at the mixtUre of components
1-Look
iP the item bas more than hree terninal
t is
Cor three leqs) ahd has form of a chip,
lon TC

compohehtk with Hhree terminal

2. The
Cthree legs) iná transiStor
USe multimeter ith selec tor switch
3 a

to check he continuity
lat he DosiLion RR

4: The probe metals ehds are inserted

mrked oh the multimeter as.
in terminals
Common and C+ve) p in Such a way that black
s in PC+Ve),
is in common and red probe
two ehds of the device to the
tOUchino the
1
two other ehds of the probes
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 Date

Page No.
89
No.
Eqpt.

Ca) There îs continuity in both the directiDh

Cairectly Connected and reverSed), meteY
needle shows a definite deflecion the
both
compohent is resístor as it conduCS
rever se and forward biasing

Cb) TP there ís only ne direcHon flo

in
o
such
i.e when probeG are COnhected
Current
So that the metal Lip of the black probe
to terminal of deflecion deyice
is connected
marked +e
and thot red Drobe to comnmo
o

curent PlowS on
terminal CUrret ows but ho

reverSibg Ehe polariky then , the componeht device

is a diode as it cohduce in forard bioced

doesn't conduct in reverSe biased

land it

Cc) obeerve the diode while conducting.

emit& light iP it doesn't, it iS

simply a ciode

T it emit light while conductinq ,it ig LED

Clight emittirg diode )

Cd)ben he components on Connecting

Rull scale
to probes o multimeter sholws a
but it decoys to zero ith
lection initially
possage timei.e cormpohents has very high
assage
ininite
of

re sistahce ,the compohents is a

or

capacitor

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 ESP

DIAGRAM
N

ray
Thcident LlAnole of incidencexealus Air
B

Nz be

Angleate Goss

refrac tioho slab

Refracted
ray

oohoAngleT
eemergentooan
deeda Ermergent
Nyotay
d

laterald
displacernent
 No. Page No.
Aqpt.
ACTIVITY-5

AIM:
To observe refraction and loteral deviation
fa beamm o light incident obliguely of glass.
slab.

APPARATUS. REQUTIRED:
Glass Slab board, AA sheet
drawino
board, sheet oP whie
paper drawing pine, ofice pins protroctor

THEORY AND FORMULA USED:

JAhen ray of light incident on parallel face
alass Slab, iE emerqes from it in a some
direction as the incident roy Tt only SuPer
lateral displacement wbich is proportionol to
thickness of the slob.

PROCEDURE -

)- Fix a wbite papercheet aith the help OP

draaling pin on aa draaing boad

2. Take a qlass slab and put it

i

Symmetrically in the middle of the hite shee

paper and nark itS bouhdary ABCD

z. Draw a normal NNg at a point X on

oce AB abd Drow a line PA which make ah

anglei with _N.N PA is incident ray.

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 Date

Page No.
93

to
Fix ping at Dand b on Ehe line
PAL

a distance more beteen

at
themselves

5.See image of these pins P,a through

oce PC and ix two pins. at points R and
the Elwo pins
a Such hatP,R,S and the image of the
pins ,P, 6 ie ih Sohae straight line

b:ReOOve thealassslab and dralA a

Straigbt linethrouoh g which R, represent

emergent rays ond meet foce at Y. Draa a

normal at y and ioin xy measure Ny yRy

NN
ie, arngle e abich comes to be equal to
anqlei.
at z
1: Produce PA
PA xx onard
onlaard to cut
to D

RSY
RSY Tz
TZ measure
Draw TZ Perpendicular to
Hhe lateral displacermerbt 'd

for tlab more

8. Repeat the experiment
ahd observe lateral displacement
observoaton
d every ime.

cORCLUSTONS -
emerging rom a qlass
The ray of ight
to the incident ray ahd it is
Slab is parallel

loterally disploced.

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 P0SITION OF NATURE
6-NO
OBJECT IMAGE OFoostue
CCANDLE) (sCREEN) IMAC,ES
At A F Real,inverted,
inPinity bighly diminished.
Beyond
C
Between Real ,
inverted,
F C diminished.
At C At CReal,invertedcao
Size is Same
Between
F an C
Beyond Real ,,inverted,
magnified.act
At F A Real ,inyerter
ininite magnied but blured
6 Between BehindirUal, erect, highly
the miror
magnified.oatan
 DateLLD3
Page No.

Eyt
No. ACTIVITY - b.

AIM: of the image

To study the
the ature ahd size
by a
miror, on Screen by uSing
Qormed COncave disarce o

a candle
and Screen Cfor diffeYent
from the mirror )
candle

APPARATUS REAURED:
corcaveAmirror with holder , an optical

three upriobt, eter cale, cahale

bench With
arb0ard Ccreen A match boX
A

THEORY AND FORMULA USED:

Size of
positions.
The nature ond relative
forward by a cohCaVe
the immage of an
object
posikion o object wibh
depende Upohthe
mirror
mirror. TE is Shown
byray
to pole o
respect
diagram in Pig

PROCEDURE: in the
mirror in the bolder
concavé
place it one end of the optical
Firs upright ahd
ben ch the mirror foce inaard
keep

focal length oP miror

2- Final rough

MoUnt thecardboard Screen on Second

z-

place t at distance equals to

uprioht and
Jeng th o the mirror
mirror rom ret
rough focal
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a) Object at
infinity Object beyond c

From
infinity

c) Object at C d) Object between C E, F

e) Object ot F ) Object beteen F &P

Trfiny
at
Tmage
 Date
No,
Exypt.

Page No.

upright.

L
Mount the
andplace burnirg candle
to he
on thiYd upright
Other end Of the
loptical bench

5.AdjusE the uprioht

carrying candle
LiterallyCie perpehdicular to the Same ccale
Such that the line
ioining the pole
joining pol of the
mirror ahd ip c candle flane is parallel to
length the optical bench
te

6: Find out of centre

approximate position

in
CUrvaturec
at distance
using
Using relation
of rom
R= o. c lies
R pole of mirror

1.Place the
at a distancecandle upright
So thot it lies beyondcCiq in) and adiust
the position f the Screen and heiqht of the
upright So that an invertd image of erect
Flarme of burningcondle is formed on the
Screen MOve the screen to make image sharp
whichis formed betwe eh

8 Nol displace the candle upright are

So that it ies betlweer
tD
the pole of he oirror
miror
he focus E and centre of curvatuYe c o the
oirror

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 Date

Page No.
No.
Eypt.

of candle
q.locate he position of image
Hhe pogikion of scYeen
of Flame and adjust Hhat a
Screen ond condle. SO
ond height 0

inverted ibo0e of condle flamOe is

charp Yeal ipeage
On thne sereen.The Yealy inverted and
obtained
Ould be fomed beyono
Imagnified image

CONCLUSTON
in posiion ,hature and
size
he change
to theoretical
the image is accorcino

predichions.

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