GE 3 – The Contemporary World

Lesson 5 – Global Population and Mobility

Week # 11-12: October 25-November 6, 2021

Submit by November 6, 2021

Page 1 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
SANTO TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Fdr. Road 4, Tibal-og, Sto. Tomas, 8112
Davao del Norte, Philippines

LEARNING MODULE on GE 3- The Contemporary World

Module No. & Title Module 5: Global Population and Mobility

Introduction

The extraordinary number and pace of human migration and mobility are
perhaps the most evident indicators of the present era of globalization. From
international tourists, local talents seeking opportunities abroad, families migrating for
greener pastures, to war-displaced refugees, more people are on the move than ever
before. They are also traveling faster and are regularly visiting what used to be very
remote parts of the world.
This Module will discuss Global Population and the movement of people
brought about by a “borderless world” principle of globalization.

Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of this lesson, the learners shall be able to:

a. Identify the characteristics of a Global City

b. understand how population and movement of people is affected by
globalization and vice versa.

This module will discuss the following Lessons:

a. World Population
b. Global Mobility
Trends in Global Migration
Factors Influencing migration and population Movements
Transnationalism and Migration
Anak OFW workshop conference

Page 2 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
Activity

My Dream Place!!! Draw a place outside the country that you wish to visit
someday.

Someday I will visit _____________________________________.

Analysis

1. Why do you want to visit this place?

2. What will be the reason of your trip there? Leisure? Employment?
Migration?
3. Would you rather live outside the country?
4. What possible reasons could you give supposed you are to live outside the
country?

Abstraction

World Population
In July 2020, the world population is at an estimated 7,795 million. In 2010,
there were only 6,958,169,159 people in the world. The present median age of the
population is 29.9. Fertility rate is 2.51. The number of people per kilometer is 76.
(source: https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/world-population.php)

Page 3 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
 Population in the world is currently (2018) growing at a rate around 1.09% per
year (down from 1.12% in 2017 and 1.14% in 2016). The current average population
increase is estimated at 83 million people per year.

Annual growth rate reached its peak in the late 1960s, when it was at around
2%. The rate of increase has nearly halved since then, and will continue to decline in
the coming years. It is estimated to reach 1% by 2023, less than 0.5% by 2052, and
0.25% in 2076 (a yearly addition of 27 million people to a population of 10.7 billion). In
2100, it should be only 0.09%, or an addition of only 10 million people to a total
population of 11.2 billion.

The latest world population projections indicate that world population will reach
10 billion persons in the year 2055 and 11 billion in the year 2088.

The Philippines, with a very small land area compared to other countries is
number 13 among the top 20 countries with largest population (live). below is the top
20 countries with the largest population (live).

Source: https://web.facebook.com/globalbangladeshbd/photos/top-20-largest-countries-by-
population-current-world-populationthursday-march-15/1779750432089799/?_rdc=1&_rdr

World population will therefore continue to grow in the 21st century, but at a
much slower rate compared to the recent past. World population has doubled (100%
increase) in 40 years from 1959 (3 billion) to 1999 (6 billion). It is now estimated that
it will take another nearly 40 years to increase by another 50% to become 9 billion by
2037.

Please WATCH : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsBT5EQt348

Page 4 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
Global Mobility
Global migration is the flow or
movement of people from one place to
another around the world. The main purpose
of migration is to find work or employment.
Global mobility refers to the ability of a
workforce to seamlessly move from one
country to another and succeed, both in
business and personal lives. If a company
has achieved true global mobility, it can
navigate the following aspects of
international workforce deployment with high
levels of proficiency and accuracy.

Trends in Global Mobility

The IOM's Global Migration Trends Factsheet presents a snapshot of the major
migration trends worldwide for the year 2015 based on statistics from a variety of
sources.

Considering the state of migration globally in 2015, the following facts stand
out:

In 2015, the number of international migrants worldwide - people residing in a

country other than their country of birth - was the highest ever recorded, having
reached 244 million (from 232 million in 2013). As a share of the world population,
however, international migration has remained fairly constant over the past decades,
at around 3%. While female migrants constitute only 48% of the international migrant
stock worldwide, and 42% in Asia, women make up the majority of international
migrants in Europe (52.4%) and North America (51.2%).

South-South migration flows (across developing countries) continued to

grow compared to South-North movements (from developing to developed countries):
in 2015, 90.2 million international migrants born in developing countries resided in
other countries in the Global South, while 85.3 million born in the South resided in
countries in the Global North.

Germany became the second most popular destination for international

migrants globally (in absolute numbers), following the United States and preceding the
Russian Federation, with an estimated 12 million foreign born residing in the country
in 2015 (against 46.6 million in the U.S. and 11.9 million in the Russian Federation).

Page 5 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
As a proportion of the host country's population, however, numbers of international
migrants continue to be highest in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: the foreign-
born population makes up 88.4% of the total population in the United Arab Emirates,
75.7% in Qatar and 73.6% in Kuwait.

Close to 1 in 5 migrants in the world live in the top 20 largest cities, according
to IOM's World Migration Report 2015. International migrants make up over a third of
the total population in cities like Sydney, Auckland, Singapore and, London, and at
least one in four residents in Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Paris is foreign-born.

The year 2015 saw the highest levels of forced displacement globally recorded
since World War II, with a dramatic increase in the number of refugees, asylum-
seekers and internally displaced people across various regions of the world - from
Africa to the Middle East and South Asia. The world hosted 15.1 million refugees by
mid-2015. This is a 45% increase compared to three and a half years ago, largely due
to continued conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, now well into its 5th year. Some 8.6
million persons were newly displaced in 2015 alone.

In 2015, Germany also became the largest single recipient of first time
individual asylum claims globally, with almost 442,000 applications lodged in the
country by the end of the year. The number of asylum claims worldwide almost
doubled between the end of 2014 and the first half of 2015, from 558,000 pending
applications at the end of 2014 to almost 1 million by the end of June 2015. This figure
continued to increase, rising to about 3.2 million pending asylum applications globally
by the end of 2015.

By the end of 2015, the EU as a whole received over 1.2 million first-time
asylum claims, more than double the number registered in 2014 (563,000), and almost
double the levels recorded in 1992 in the then 15 Member States (672,000
applications). The increase in 2015 is largely due to higher numbers of asylum claims
from Syrians, Afghans and Iraqis).

Almost 1 in 3 first-time asylum applicants in the EU were minors, a 9% increase

compared to 2014 levels; also, 1 in 4 of these were judged to be unaccompanied by
national authorities - the highest number since 2008 and a three-fold increase on
numbers registered in 2014.

Still, the vast majority of refugees continue to be hosted by developing

countries, particularly those that are proximate to the refugees' countries of origin: for
instance, the bulk of the Syrian refugee population is hosted by Turkey (2.2 million),
Lebanon (1.2 million) and Jordan (almost 630,000), according to figures recorded in
December 2015.

Also, most forced displacement globally still occurs within countries borders,
with an estimated 38 million people internally displaced by conflict and violence at the
Page 6 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
end of 2014- from Iraq to South Sudan, from Syria to the Democratic Republic of
Congo and Nigeria.

The year 2015 was also the deadliest year for migrants: increased levels of
forced displacement globally were tragically accompanied by record high numbers of
people perishing or going missing while trying to cross international borders. Over
5,400 migrants worldwide are estimated to have died or gone missing in 2015.
According to IOM's Missing Migrant project, migrant fatalities during migration to
Europe increased by 15% compared to the previous year, reaching at least 3,770.

From 2014 to 2015, a major and sudden shift in routes of irregular migration by
sea to Europe occurred - with about 853,000 arriving to Greece compared to almost
154,000 to Italy, as opposed to about 34,400 and 170,100 respectively in 2014.

In 2015, the number of voluntary returns of migrants (e.g. failed asylum

seekers, and other groups) from EU countries was for the first time higher than the
number of forced returns (81,681 against 72,473). Moreover, the number of IOM-
assisted voluntary returns from EU Member States, Norway and Switzerland in 2015
reached a figure of almost 56,000.

New estimates for the number of migrant workers globally show that the large
majority of international migrants in the world are migrant workers. Migrants have
higher labor force participation than non-migrants, particularly due to higher labor force
participation rates for migrant women relative to non-migrant women.

Remittances continue to climb globally while remittance-sending costs remain

relatively high. The sum of financial remittances sent by international migrants back to
their families in origin countries amounted to an estimated $581 billion in 2015 - over
three-quarters of which were sent to low and middle-income economies. In Tajikistan
remittances constituted over 40% of the country's GDP. However, average remittance
transfer costs were still at 7.5% of the amount sent in the third quarter of 2015, higher
than the 3% minimum target set in the Sustainable Development Goals to be met by
2030 Remittance transfer costs are particularly high in Sub-Saharan Africa - now
standing at 9.5% on average. Finally, public opinion towards migration globally is more
favorable than commonly perceived-with the notable exception of Europe, according
to an IOM-Gallup report.

(Source: Global Migration Trends Factsheet, 2015)

Page 7 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
Factors Influencing Migration and Population Movements
• Socio-political, economic and ecological factors are the main forces driving
migration.
• Rising communal violence world-wide, often as a result of ethnic or religious
intolerance, has led to increased levels of migration.
• Economic disparity between developing and developed economies encourages
the movement of skilled labor from the former to the latter. Temporary migration
visas allow for an increase in the rate of circular migration.
• Changes in the ecological environment have the potential to worsen food and
water insecurity in various parts of the globe. Limited access to food and water
resources may push people to migrate to countries where these resources are
more readily available.

Fertility, mortality, and migration all influence the size of a society's population.
Poorer countries tend to grow almost completely from internal causes (for example,
high birth rates due to the absence of reliable contraception), while richer countries
tend to grow from both internal causes and migration. Demographers determine a
population's natural growth rate by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude
birth rate. The world's. low-growth nations tend to be more industrialized, such as the
United States and Europe. The high-growth countries tend to be less industrialized,
such as Africa and Latin America.

The Global Mobility

Companies need a global workforce and global mobility, now more than ever.
They are sending an increasing number of people abroad, in a wider variety of roles,
for many reasons: to prepare for and respond to opportunities in global production; to
promote research, development, and innovation; and to improve customer sales,
service, and growth. At the same time, global market uncertainty is putting companies
under tremendous cost pressure. That makes it imperative for leaders to carefully
manage their global mobility investments and to realize an appropriate return on them.

Global Mobility: A Win-Win For You and Your Employer

Global mobility is on the rise, and many employees want a passport filled with
foreign-nation stamps to bolster personal growth and career development.
Increasingly, they are seeking expatriate, commuter, rotational or other alternative
assignments to build their resumes. International assignments are a great career

Page 8 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
development tool and, at the same time, help organizations address talent shortages,
close skill gaps and accelerate.

No company wants to send talent around the globe without purpose. But for
those organizations that do have multinational operations, increasing the availability
of international assignments can help draw talent to the organization and secure the
talent already in place - all while providing individuals with new skills, opportunities for
international travel, new challenges and the experience needed to progress their
careers, business growth-making it a win for both parties.

The trend is riding a global wave. BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China)
countries, the UAE and Qatar, are emerging as talent hot spots, driven by shifting
economic growth. By 2025, the Gross Domestic Product of Shanghai and Beijing will
be larger than Los Angeles and London, yet global companies operating in China
already find it difficult to find and retain talent.

A global city, also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is
a city generally considered to be an important node in the global economic system.
The concept comes from geography and urban studies, and the idea that globalization
can be understood as largely created, facilitated, and enacted in strategic geographic
locales according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global system of
finance and trade.

The most complex of these entities is the "global city", whereby the linkages
binding a city have a direct and tangible effect on
global affairs through socio-economic means. The
use of "global city", as opposed to "megacity", was
popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen in her
1991 work The Global City: New York, London,
Tokyo; although the term "world city" which refers
to cities involved with large amounts of global
business, date to at least the May 1886 description
of Liverpool, by The Illustrated London News.
Patrick Geddes also used the term "world city" later
in 1915. More recently, the term has been
described as being synonymous with a city's
influence and "financial capital", with other factors becoming less relevant.

Characteristics
Although what constitutes a world city is still subject to debate, standard
characteristics of world cities are:

Page 9 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
 • A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance, real
estate, banking, accountancy, and marketing
• Headquarters of several multinational corporations
• The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and major financial
institutions
• Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area
• Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities
• Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and at a global level
• Centers of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture, and
politics
• Centers of media and communications for global networks
• Dominance of the national region with great international significance
• High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information
sector
• High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities,
international student attendance, and research facilities
• Multi-functional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical, and
entertainment facilities in the country
• Typically, highly diverse in terms of language, culture, religion, and ideologies.

According to Greig Charnock, a global city is an urban center that enjoys

significant advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system.
The terms have its origins in research on cities carried out during the 1980s, which
examined the common characteristics of the world's most important cities. However,
with increased attention being paid to processes of globalization during subsequent
years, these world cities came to be known as global cities. Linked with globalization
was the idea of spatial reorganization and the hypothesis that cities were becoming
key loci within global networks of production, finance, and telecommunications. In
some formulations of the global city thesis, then, such cities are seen as the building
blocks of globalization. Simultaneously, these cities were becoming newly privileged
sites of local politics within the context of a broader project to reconfigure state
institutions.

Global Demography
According to David E Bloom and David Canning. In the past 50 years, the world
accelerated its transition out of long-term demographic stability. As infant and child
mortality rates fell, populations began to soar. In most countries, this growth led to
falling fertility rates. Although fertility has fallen, the population continues to increase
because of population momentum; it will eventually level off. In the meantime,
demographic change has created a 'bulge generation, which today appears in many
Page 10 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
countries as a large working-age population. This cohort will eventually become a
large elderly population, in both developed and developing countries. Population
growth has been the subject of great debate among economists and demographers.
Until recently, most have agreed on a middle ground, in which population growth per
se has no effect on economic growth. New evidence suggests that changes in the age
structure of populations - in particular, a rising ratio of working-age to non-working-age
individuals - leads to the possibility of more rapid economic growth, via both
accounting and behavioral effects. The experiences of east Asia, Ireland and sub-
Saharan Africa all serve as evidence of the effect of demographic change on economic
growth. (or lack thereof). Both internal migration (from rural to urban areas) and
international migration complicate this picture. The overall implications of population
growth for policy lie in the imperative for investments in health and education, and for
sound policies related to labour, trade and retirement. Understanding future trends is
essential for the development of good policy. Demographic projections can be quite
reliable, but huge uncertainties - in the realms of health, changes in human life span,
scientific advances, migration, global warming and wars - make overall predictions
extremely uncertain.

Transnationalism and Migration

The meaning of transnationalism varies but generally center on exchanges,
connections and practices across borders, thus transcending the national space as
the primary reference point for activities and identities. With respect to migration, being
connected to several places at once - or "being neither here nor there" - has long been
a defining feature of the experience of being a migrant. Leading transnational, multi-
sited lives means that exchanges and interactions across borders are a regular and
sustained part of migrants realities and activities. These exchanges may take the form
of ideas, values and practices, as well as political mobilization and economic
contributions.

Transnationalism creates a greater degree of connection between individuals,

communities and societies across borders, bringing about changes in the social,
cultural, economic and political landscapes of societies of origin and destination. The
challenge for policymakers is to look beyond national borders in analyzing the scope,
purpose and impact of their policies. Cross-border connections between societies
resulting from migration necessitate the formulation and implementation of appropriate
policy interventions by States. The reason for this, firstly, that migration policies in a
transnational context are likely to produce an impact outside the domestic sphere for
which they are primarily intended. Secondly, the success or failure of those same
policies will also be determined, to varying extents, by realities that lie beyond a single
country's borders.

Page 11 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
Overseas Filipinos and the death penalty: Cases that made
headlines
This is not the first time the country has mourned the execution of a fellow
Filipino abroad. On January 25, 2017, the country was shocked to hear that overseas
Filipino worker (OFW) Jakatia Pawa, who claimed innocence in the murder of her
Kuwaiti employer's 22-year-old daughter, was set to be executed within the day. The
family was also informed by Jakartia herself on the day of the execution.

Last-minute protests, prayers, and appeals were made for the Filipina to be
saved but to no avail. Come 3:19pm, Philippine time, she was announced dead. This
is not the first time the country mourned over the execution of a fellow Filipino abroad
or feared for the fate of someone on death row.

So far 35% of 132 cases of abused OFW kids recorded Tuesday, November
28, 2017 by Julieta C. Rivera. THE Mindanao Migrants Center for Empowering
Actions, Inc. (MMCEAI) in Davao City said that it has recorded a total of 132 cases of
children of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) being abused and molested.

MMCEAI executive director Inorisa Sialana-Elento, during the Kapehan sa

Dabaw on Monday, November 27, 2017 at The Annex of SM City Davao, said that
from 2014 to 2017, their data show that there are various cases of abuses against the
children left behind by their parents.

Although she didn't exactly have the figures on the kind of cases, she said that
this also includes abandonment of OFW, abandonment by foreign nationals and
abandonment by parents and guardians. "Mataas din dito ang sexual abuse, teenage
parents or pregnancy and school dropouts," she said. Internet addiction is also one of
the concerns among the youth due to lack of guidance from their OFW parents.

Anak OFW Workshop Conference

In 2017, the Congressional District Anak OFW Workshop Consultation was held
and attended by some children of active OFWs wherein 20 of which experiencing
sexual abuse. "We made a silent shout box and there are cases of sexual abuse,"
Sialana-Elento said, adding that there were also physical abuse, verbal abuse by
guardian, and economic abuse, abortion, illegal drugs and bullying.
Page 12 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
 Thus, they are seeking the government's assistance to help these children
through monitoring and providing their needs in the absence of their parents. Also,
they urged the local government units to create opportunities and provide employment
for the parents of these children so they would no longer need to go abroad. They are
also pushing for the establishment of a Migrant Desk in Barangays to look after the
situation and issues that OFWs and their families are facing.

Application: Listen to this song from Nora Aunor and Provide your reflection
as to the realities of Immigration and Migration for financial and economic opportunity.

Bakit ba ang naging wakas ng buhay ko'y REFLECTIONS:

ito?
Maling hindi ko nagawa, bakit nga ba ako?
Kamatayan ang katumbas sa salang 'di ako
Katarunga'y bakit ba ganito?
Kay rami ng katulad kong nasa ibang bansa
Inaapi, sinasaktan, kasama'y laging luha
Marahil nga ay 'di kami ang tanging
pinagpala
Ng may Lalang dito sa balat ng lupa
Sino'ng mapalad? Sino ang kaawa-awa?
Kami bang halos ang buhay ay inialay sa
bansa?
Bagong bayani na ang sandata ay luha
Bigyan naman ninyo kami kahit na konting
awa
Mayro'n pa bang naghihintay sa mga
katulad ko?
Mayro'n pa bang pag-asa na lumigaya sa
mundo?
Sana'y huwag nang maulit ang isang
katulad ko
Ang sala ng iba'y tinubos ko
Sino'ng mapalad? Sino ang kaawa-awa?
Kami bang halos ang buhay ay inialay sa
bansa?
Bagong bayani na ang sandata ay luha
Bigyan naman ninyo kami kahit na konting
awa

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ug-
G2JfpC0U

Page 13 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
Assessment

NAME: ______________________________ YR. & Section: _______

LESSON 5 ACTIVITIES:
I- Definition- Define the following terms based on the lesson discussed in this
learning module. (2 pts. Each)

1.) Global City–

2.) Refugees –

3.) Density-

4.) International Migrants-

5.) Global Migration-

II- Differentiate: Compare and Contrast the Following Regions of the World.
(10 points each item)

1 Global Mobility Migration

2 Refugee Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

3 Transnationalism Globalism

Page 14 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World
III - Essay: Answer and Expound this question. (10 points)

➢ Give your reaction on this Youtube Video explaining the nature of

Overpopulation.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsBT5EQt348

Page 15 of 15
STCAST-BPA 1E&H/GoiBuncal/AC2021-22 1st Sem/GE 3- The Contemporary World