Basic Survey Computation

JKA, POLITEKNIK KUCHING SARAWAK
CG 103 SURVEY COMPUTATION 1

dcg10022 SURVEY COMPUTATION
JKA, POLITEKNIK merlimau
NOOR FAIZAH BINTI ZOHARDIN

Table of Contents
1.0 BEARING AND ANGLE

Definition of bearing and angle conversion of bearing to angle conversion and vice versa.
2.0 SURVEY TRIGONOMETRY

Problem solving of triangles, squares and trapeziums using trigonometric formula.
3.0 TRAVERSE
Calculation of latitude and departure using Bowditch and Transit methods.
4.0 COORDINATE
Types of coordinate and calculation of surveyed area using coordinate method.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO)
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. calculate and differentiate between bearings and angles.(C2)
2. apply the trigonometry principle to solve missing line, coordinates and area of a
surveyed traverse.(C3)
3. Calculate the traverse adjustment by using standard procedure. (C3,A3)
ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION TABLE (AST)
ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR COURSEWORK

CLO
(CA)
CONTEXT/TOPIC SUMMARY END OF
TEST QUIZ
CLO1 CLO2 CLO3 CHAPTER
*(2) 40% *(4) 20% *(3) 30%
BEARING AND ANGLE / / / /
SURVEY TRIGONOMETRY / / / /
TRAVERSE / / / /
COORDINATE / / / /
PRAKATA
Alhamdullah, segala puji bagi Allah, tuhan pencipta sekalian alam.
Buku ini dihasilkan bagi memberi sedikit panduaan kepada pelajar-pelajar Diploma Ukur
Tanah Politeknik yang mengambil subjek CG103 Survey Computation 1.
Ia dihasilkan dengan ilustrasi dan jalan kerja yang mudah difahami untuk menarik minat
pelajar mempelajari Ilmu pengiraan dalam bidang Ukur dengan lebih mendalam. Ia juga
dihasilkan berdasarkan Kurikulum terbaharu Politeknik Malaysia, Kementerian Pengajiaan
Tinggi
Adalah diharap buku ini dapat menjadi panduaan bagi pelajar untuk memahami serta
mencintai ilmu ukur.
NOOR FAIZAH BINTI ZOHARDIN

PegawaiPendidikanPengajiaanTinggi
JabatanKejuruteraanAwam
Politeknik Kuching Sarawak
CETAKKAN PERTAMA :JUN 2013

SEMAKAN PERTAMA : DISEMBER 2013
CHAPTER 1 :
BEARING AND ANGLE
DCG10022 SURVEY COMPUTATION
JKA, POLITEKNIK MERLIMAU
CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE
CHAPTER 1 : BEARING AND ANGLE
BEARING INTERNAL ANGLE BACK BEARING
Angle from true north to line Different between to + 180 from front bearing
bearing
Bearing
Angle
A
B
N
Front bearing for line AC is

Bearing for line A to B is 192⁰ 22’ Angle y
= 223⁰ 19’ 28”
52” = 135° 34’ 54” - 39° 06’ 41”
Back bearing for line AC means
= 96° 28’ 13”
bearing from C to A
= 223⁰ 19’ 28”- 180⁰
= 43⁰ 19’ 28”
Value 127⁰ 55’ 15” is back

bearing for line AB , to get true
bearing or front bearing for line
AB
127⁰ 55’ 15” + 180⁰
= 307⁰ 55’ 15”
PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 1

EXAMPLE 1 : BACK BEARING
Figure : Bearing
BACK BEARING
Base on the above figure:-
a. Bearing/ front bearing from A to B is 58° 26’ 35”

Back bearing or bearing from B to A is 58° 26’ 35” + 180° = 238° 26’ 35”
b. Bearing/ front bearing from B to C is 109° 37’ 55”

Back bearing or bearing from C to B is 109° 37’ 55” + 180° = 289° 37’ 55”
c. Bearing / front bearing from C to D is 232° 08’ 47”

Back bearing or bearing from D to C is 232° 08’ 47” - 180° = 52° 08’ 47”

CALCULATE ANGLE FROM 2 BEARING
Base on following diagram, calculate angle y
Note:
1. Check value for each bearing

2. + 180° to get right bearing
3. To get angle :-
- Rotate anticlockwise
- Large bearing minus
small bearing
Angle y = 135° 34’ 54” - 39° 06’ 41”
= 96° 28’ 13”
Not right value, to get

right value - 180°
Angle y = 129° 53’ 12” - (237° 26’ 19” - 180°)
= 129° 53’ 12” - 57° 26’ 19”
= 72° 26’ 53”

SOLUTION
Option 1 Option 2
Calculate angle θ1 = 360⁰ - 289⁰ 23’ 22”

Calculate angle θ1
= 70⁰ 36’ 38”
= 289⁰ 23’ 22” - 49⁰ 43’ 26”
= 239⁰ 39’ 56”
Calculate angle θ2 = 49⁰ 43’ 26”
Angle y = θ1 + θ2 = 70⁰ 36’ 38” + 49⁰ 43’ 26”
Calculate angle y
= 120⁰ 20’ 04”
= 360° - 239⁰ 39’ 56”
= 120⁰ 20’ 04”

Angle y = (26° 03’ 24” + 180°) - 73° 01’ 42”

Angle y = (127° 55’ 15” + 180°)- 223° 19’ 28”
= 206° 03’ 24” - 73° 01’ 42”
= 307° 55’ 15” - 223° 19’ 28”
= 133° 01’ 42”
= 84° 35’ 47”
Angle y = (360°-326° 25’ 56”)+ (208° 13’ 25”-180°)

= 33° 34’ 04” + 28° 13’ 25”
Angle y = ( 35°36’43”+180°) - 18° 05’ 47”
= 61° 47’ 29”
= 215°36’ 43” - 18° 05’ 47”
= 197° 30’ 56”

Angle y = 213° 53’ 20” -138° 59’ 39”

Angle y = (360° - 282° 38’ 16”) + 36° 59’ 50”
= 74° 53’ 41”
= 77° 21’ 44” + 36° 59’ 50”
= 114° 21’ 34”
CALCULATE BEARING
Base on following diagram, calculate bearing for line x to q
Note :-
To calculate bearing
✓ Check bearing
✓ if clockwise = bearing + angle
✓ anticlockwise = bearing - angle
Example 1
Clockwise, so to calculate
bearing = given bearing + angle
Bearing x to q = 196° 17’ 53” + 113° 52’ 26”
= 310° 10’ 19”

Example 2
Anticlockwise, so to calculate
bearing = given bearing - angle
Bearing x to q = 289° 59’ 48” - 44° 53’ 18”
= 245° 06’ 30”
Example 3
Calculate angle θ1 = 360⁰ - 299⁰ 43’ 22”
= 60⁰ 16’ 38”
Bearing xq = 105⁰ 30’ 10” - 60⁰ 16’ 38”
= 45⁰ 13’ 32”

EXAMPLE 4
Bearing x to q = 43° 42’ 08” + 78° 38’ 51” Bearing x to q = 74°02’ 07” – (360° - 305° 12’ 21” )
= 122° 20’ 59” = 19° 14’ 28”
Bearing x to q = (317° 54’ 05” -180° ) + 80° 31’ Bearing x to q = 214° 43’ 25” – (360° -235° 16’ 35” )
20” = 90° 00’ 00”
= 137° 54’ 05” + 80° 31’ 20”
= 218° 25’ 25”

Bearing x to q = (130°51’ 28” + 180° ) - 112° 59’ 15”

Bearing x to q = 360° - ( 137° 23’ 33” - 99° = 310° 51’ 28” - 112° 59’ 15”
37’34”) = 197° 52’ 13”
= 322° 14’ 01”
QUADRANT BEARING AND WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING
 Whole circle bearing- clockwise angle from 0˚ to 360˚
 Quadratic bearing
✓ angle lying between 0˚ to 90˚

✓ direction from north or south

quadrant bearing = N θ° E Quadrant bearing = S θ° E

Whole circle bearing = θ° Whole circle bearing = 180° - θ°
Quadrant bearing = N θ° W
Quadrant bearing = S θ° W
Whole circle bearing = 360° - θ°
Whole circle bearing = 180° + θ°
CONVERT QUADRANT BEARING TO WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING
QUADRANT BEARING WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING DRAWING

N 70° 35’ 40” E = 70° 35’ 40”
N 35° 45’ 23” W = 360° - 35° 45’ 23”

= 324° 14’ 37”
S 40° 37’ 30” E = 180° - 40° 37’ 30”

= 139° 22’ 30”
S 40° 37’ 30” W `= 180° + 40° 37’ 30”

= 220° 37’ 30”
CONVERT WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING TO QUADRANT BEARING

WHOLE CIRCLE QUADRANT BEARING DRAWING

BEARING
70° 35’ 40” = N 70° 35’ 40” E
135° 45’ 23” = 180° - 135° 45’ 23”

= S 44° 14’ 37” E
240° 37’ 30” = 240° 37’ 30” - 180°

= S 60° 37’ 30” W
340° 37’ 30” = 360° - 340° 37’ 30”

= N 19° 22’ 30” W
TUTORIAL

1. Base on the figure 1 and the data given, calculate all the internal angle for this traverse.
2. Base on the close traverse data given, sketch the traverse and calculate all the internal angle
for this traverse.
LINE BEARING
AB 100⁰ 08’ 01”
BC 140⁰ 28’ 18”
CD 237⁰ 53’ 12”
DE 270⁰ 44’24”
EF 357⁰ 12’ 14”
FA 28⁰ 17’ 02”

3. Base on figure, calculate bearing for BC and CD if bearing for line AB is 320⁰ 20’14”
and internal angle for ABC is 50⁰ 20’ 15” and internal angle for BCD is 114⁰ 20’29”.
4. Base on the data given:-

i. Convert the quadrant bearing to whole bearing
ii. Calculate the internal angle for whole traverse
LINE QUADRANT BEARING

AB N 80⁰ 10’ 41” E
BC S 37⁰ 48’ 51” E
CD S 2⁰ 13’ 10’ E
DE S 82⁰ 12’ 49” W
EF N 24⁰ 48’ 46” W
FG N 84⁰ 05’ 33” W
GA N 17⁰ 05’ 45” E

5. Calculate all the internal angle for travese below.
6. Base on following diagram :-
i. Bearing DE
ii. Bearing EA
iii. Bearing AB
iv. Bearing BC
7.

CHAPTER 2 :
TRIANGULATION
CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION
CHAPTER 2
Triangulation
1. c² = a² + b² - 2ab cos C
𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑐 2
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐 = 2𝑎𝑏
1
3. area = absin C
2
4. area = s(s − a)( s − b)( s − c)

a+b+c
s=
2
sin A sin B
5. =
a b
Pythagoras theorem
1. 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐵 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
2. sin 𝜃 = = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
3. cos 𝜃 = = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝐶
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
4. tan 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐻
𝐻 𝑉=
𝑉= cot 𝛼 + cot 𝛽
cot 𝛼 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽
PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA UKUR TANAH 17

EXAMPLE 1: PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
30 40
sin 60° 52’ 07” = Tan 83° 19’ 20” =
AP
AB
AB = 34.344 AP = 4.683
AD
sin 70° 54’ 10” =
11 .029
BC
AD = 10.422 sin 60 28'30" =
48 .223
XD BC = 41.961
cos 70° 54’ 10” =
11 .029
XD = 3.608
12 .352
cos θ =
60 .231
12 .352
θ = cos -1
60 .231
θ = 78° 09’ 58”
𝐵𝐶 = √(60.231)2 − (12.352)2
BC = 58.951

Example 2
Calculate distance for line AG and AB
FIND ANGLE A
Angle A = (23⁰17’17” + 180⁰)-56⁰10’32”
= 147⁰ 06’ 45”
FIND ANGLE B
Angle B=(56⁰ 10’ 32” +180⁰) – (38⁰ 20’ 18” + 180⁰)
= 17⁰ 50’ 14”
FIND ANGLE G
Angle G= 38⁰20’18’ - 23⁰17’17”
= 15⁰ 03’ 01”
FIND DISTANCE AG USING SIN METHOD
sin 147⁰06′45" sin 17⁰50′14"

=
84.178 𝐴𝐺
AG = 47.487
FIND DISTANCE AB USING SIN METHOD
sin 147⁰06′45" sin 15⁰03′01"

=
84.178 𝐴𝐵
AB = 40.255

Example 3
Calculate distance AB and bearing AG
FIND ANGLE B
= (23⁰17’17” + 180⁰)-(342⁰52’05”-180⁰)
= 40⁰ 25’ 12”
FIND ANGLE A USING SIN METHOD
sin 40⁰25′12" sin 𝐴

=
36.759 56.234
A = 82⁰ 42’ 12”
FIND BEARING AG
BEARING AG= 23⁰17’17’ + 82⁰ 42’ 12”
= 105⁰ 59’ 29”
FIND ANGLE G
ANGLE G = 342⁰52’05” –(105⁰59’29” +180⁰)
= 56⁰ 52’ 36”
FIND DISTANCE AB USING SIN METHOD
sin 56⁰52′36" sin 40°25′12"

=
𝐴𝐵 36.759
AB = 47.480

Example 4
Calculate bearing and distance for line XD
Angle XED = (227⁰ 45’ 25” - 180° )- (200° 48’ 06” - 180° )
= 26° 57’ 19”
Distance XD = √(64.439)2 + (150.611)2 − 2(64.439)(150.611) cos 26° 57’ 19”
= 97.644
sin 26° 57’ 19” sin 𝑥

=
97.644 64.439
Angle EXD = 17° 24’ 23”
Bearing XD = 200°48’ 06” - 17° 24’ 23”
= 183° 23 43”

EXAMPLE 5
Given area for triangulation AXY is 1568.518m². Calculate distance AX and bearing and distance for line
XY
Calculate distance AX using area formula
Calculate angle A = 153° 46’ 44” - 88° 57’ 42”
= 64°49’02”
1
area =  ( AX )( AY ) sin A
2
1
1568.518 =  ( AX )(66.380 ) sin 6449'02"
2
AX =52.222
Calculate bearing and distance for line XY
𝑋𝑌 2 = 𝐴𝑌 2 + 𝐴𝑋 2 − 2(𝐴𝑌)(𝐴𝑋) cos 𝐴
𝑋𝑌 2 = (66.380)2 + (52.222)2 − 2(66.380)(52.222) cos 64°49’02”
𝑋𝑌 2 = 4183.403
𝑋𝑌 = √4183.403
𝑋𝑌 = 64.679

𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒚
sin 64°49’02” 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦

=
64.679 52.222
sin 𝑦 = 0.731
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.731
𝑦 = 46° 56′31"
Calculate bearing xy
Bearing YA = 153° 46’ 44” + 180°
= 333° 46’ 44”
Bearing XY = 46° 56′31" - (360° - 333° 46’ 44”)
= 20° 43’ 15”

Example 6
Given vertical angle from station A to the top of building is 48⁰ 29’ 07” and vertical angle from station B
to the top of building is 46⁰29’28”. Calculate distance from station A to B. If height of building CD is
46.421m.
𝐻
𝑉=
cot 𝛼 + cot 𝛽
𝐻
46.421 =
cot 48° 29′ 07" + cot 46° 29′ 28"
1 1
H = 46.421 ⌊ + ⌋
tan 48° 29′ 07" tan 46° 29′ 28"
H = 46.421 (0.885183445 + 0.949259459)
H = 46.421( 1.834442905)
H = 85.157

Example 7
Base on above figure, calculate height of building AB.

𝐻
𝑉= cot 𝛼−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽
55.977
𝑉=
cot 56°59′ 41"−cot 33°05′ 40"
55.977
𝑉= 1 1
−
tan 56°59′ 41" tan 33°05′ 40"
55.977
𝑉=
1 1
−
1.539554473 0.651753639
55.977
𝑉=
0.649538563 − 1.534322081
𝑉 = 63.266

EXAMPLE 8
Station A and B are used to observe the building height. Bearing from A to B is 84° 44’ 03” and distance
65.796 m. Bearing from station A to lowest tower is 49° 53’ 08” and bearing from station B to lowest
tower is 302° 41’24”.Vertical angle from station A to top of building is 35⁰ 18’ 20” and vertical angle from
station B to top of building is 37⁰ 19’ 02” . Calculate height of the building and distance from station A and
B to building.
Calculate distance AP and distance BP

Angle B = 302° 41’ 24” –( 84° 44’ 03” + 180° )
= 37° 57’ 21”
Angle P = (49° 53’ 08” + 180° ) –(302° 41’ 24” - 180°)

= 229° 53’ 08” - 122° 41’ 24”
= 107° 11’ 44”
Angle A = 84° 44’ 03’ - 49° 53’ 08”

= 34° 50’ 55”

sin 37° 57’ 21” sin 107° 11’ 44”

=
𝐴𝑃 65.796
AP = 42.362
sin 34° 50’ 55” sin 107° 11’ 44”

=
𝐵𝑃 65.796
BP = 39.356
Height of building
𝑃𝑄
Tan 35⁰ 18’ 20” =
42.362
PQ = 30.000

TUTORIAL
Calculate distance BC ,AC and angle BAC

Calculate distance AD and bearing BC
32⁰ 51’ 33”
Answer : BC: 25.116 , AC 45.578 Answer : AD: 29.834 bearing BC :127° 35’35”
angle BAC= 33° 26’22”
Given area for triangulatian ABD is 600.680m² and area for triangulation BDC is 502.849 m² . Calculate
distance for line DC.
Answer: DC : 26.919
Calculate distance EC ,AC and area CDE
Answer: EC : 22.060 , AC :33.372 Area CDE : 269.385m²

1. Base on given situation, calculate:-

i. Height of tower BC
ii. Horizontal distance AD
iii. Slope distance AB
2. Base on diagram below, calculate height h2. Given data
Reduce lavel A and B = 30 m
Reduce lavel D = 135.5 m
Vertical angle α = 30⁰ 00 00
Vertical angle β = 36⁰ 20’ 00”
Instrument height ,hi = 1.5 m
Horizontal distance from station A to B = 128.5m

CHAPTER 3:
TRAVERSE
CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
CHAPTER 3
TRAVERSE
TRAVERSE is continues line with bearing and distance
OPEN TRAVERSE CLOSE TRAVERSE
▪ Start and close the traverse at same point
▪ Close the traverse at unknown

coordinate
▪ Start and close the traverse at known coordinate

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
LATITUDE DEPARTURE
▪ Distance x cos (bearing) ▪ Distance x sin (bearing)

▪ Different of N/S coordinate ▪ Different of E/ W coordinate
▪ Latitude = distance x cos bearing ▪ Departure = distance x sin bearing
Latitude = 62 - 100 Depart = 232 – 200

= - 38 = 32
ADJUSTMENT FOR LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE
BOWDITCH METHOD TRANSIT METHOD

LATITUDE
DEPARTURE
LINEAR MISCLOSURE
LINEAR MISCLOSURE =
(latit) 2 + (depart) 2
1:
total of dis tan ce

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
Base on following diagram calculate latitude, departure and linear misclosure for this traverse
STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART

N (+) S (-) E (+) W (-)
1
2 45° 11’ 50” 10.658 7.510 7.562
3 113° 25’ 10” 14.468 5.750 13.276
4 179° 10’ 20” 11.888 11.887 0.172
5 221° 37’ 50” 15.144 11.319 10.061
1 332° 57’ 10” 24.085 21.451 10.952
Total 76.243 28.961 28.956 21.010 21.013
Different 0.005 0.003
(0.005 ) 2 + (0.003 ) 2
Linear misclosure =1:
76.243
= 1 : 13 076
Latit = 10.658 x cos 45° 11’ 50” = 7.510
Depart = 10.658 x sin 45° 11’ 50” =7.562

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
CALCULATE LATITUDE, DEPARTURE AND ADJUSTMENT USING BOWDITCH METHOD

N (+) S (-) E (+) W (-)
1
2 54° 13’ 30” 13.358 7.809 10.838
+0.000 -0.001
7.809 10.837
3 117° 01’ 00” 16.510 7.500 14.708
-0.001 -0.001
7.499 14.707
4 196° 53’ 50” 17.989 17.212 5.229
-0.001 +0.001
17.211 5.230
5 271° 04’ 00” 24.380 0.454 24.376
+0.000 +0.001
0.454 24.377
1 13° 52’ 50” 16.941 16.446 4.064
+0.001 -0.001
16.447 4.063
Total 89.178 24.709 24.712 29.610 29.605
16 .941
(0.003 ) 2 + (0.005 ) 2 Note:  0.005 = 0.001
Linear misclosure =1: 89 .178
89 .178
(+) for small value and
= 1 : 15 294 (– ) for large value

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
CALCULATE LATITUDE, DEPARTURE AND ADJUSTMENT USING TRANSIT METHOD

N (+) S (-) E (+) W (-)
1
2 54° 13’ 30” 13.358 7.809 10.838
+0.000 -0.001
7.809 10.837
3 117° 01’ 00” 16.510 7.500 14.708
-0.000 -0.001
7.500 14.707
4 196° 53’ 50” 17.989 17.212 5.229
-0.001 +0.000
17.211 5.229
5 271° 04’ 00” 24.380 0.454 24.376
+0.000 +0.002
0.454 24.378
1 13° 52’ 50” 16.941 16.446 4.064
+0.001 -0.000
16.447 4.064
Total 89.178 24.709 24.712 29.610 29.605
Different -0.003 0.005
49.421 59.215
24 .376
 0.005 = 0.002
59 .215

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
CALCULATE AREA USING DOUBLE MERIDIAN METHOD
STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART 2 X LATIT 2 X DEPART (2XLATIT) X

N (+) S (-) E (+) W (-) DEPART
1
2 54° 13’ 30” 13.358 7.809 10.838
+0.000 -0.001 7.809 10.837 84.626
7.809 10.837
3 117° 01’ 00” 16.510 7.500 14.708
-0.001 -0.001 8.119 36.381 119.406
7.499 14.707
4 196° 53’ 50” 17.989 17.212 5.229
-0.001 +0.001 -16.591 45.858 86.771
17.211 5.230
5 271° 04’ 00” 24.380 0.454 24.376
+0.000 +0.001 -33.348 16.251 812.924
0.454 24.377
1 13° 52’ 50” 16.941 16.446 4.064
+0.001 -0.001 -16.447 -4.063 -66.824
16.447 4.063
Total 89.178 24.709 24.712 29.610 29.605 1036.903
-16.447 x 4.064
16.251-24.377+4.063
1036 .903 = - 66.824
Area = =-4.063
2
= 518.452

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
MISSING LINE
depart
Distance = (latit) 2 + (depart) 2 Bearing = tan  =
latit
IDENTIFY BEARING BASE ON LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE
LATIT AND DEPART DIAGRAM BEARING
Latitude (+)
Bearing = θ
Departure (+)
Latitude (-)
Bearing = 180 - θ
Departure (+)
Latitude (-)
Bearing = 180 + θ
Departure (-)
Latitude (+)
Bearing = 360 - θ
Departure (-)

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
Base on following diagram, calculate bearing and distance for station 4 to 5
STEP BY STEP :
1. 1st check all bearing

2. After that calculate latit and
depart for all line
3. Calculate total of latit and
36.625
depart
4. Using latit and depart to
calculate bearing and distance
1. Bearing from station 1 to 2 = 245° 45’ 10” - 180° = 65° 45’ 10”
5
1 347° 58’ 50” 36.625 35.822 -7.627
2 65° 45’ 10” 26.489 10.878 24.152
3 131° 39’ 10” 28.942 -19.235 21.625
4 209° 52’ 30” 22.183 -19.235 -11.050
5 -8.230 -27.100
Total (cheking) 0.000 0.000
(8.230 ) 2 + (27 .100 ) 2
Distance =
= 28.322
27 .100
tan  =
8.230
θ = 73° 06’ 25”
Bearing 4-5 = 180° + 73° 06’ 25”
= 253° 06’ 25”

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
Base on following diagram, calculate bearing and distance for station 2 to 3
1. Bearing from station 3 to 4 = 285° 47’ 34” - 180° = 105° 47’ 34”
3
4 105° 47’ 34” 37.282 -10.147 35.875
5 158° 29’ 10” 39.990 -37.204 14.665
1 241° 23’ 00” 47.549 -22.773 -41.741
2 319° 44’ 44” 49.931 38.106 -32.265
3 32.018 23.466
Total (cheking) 0.000 0.000
Distance = (32.018) 2 + (23.466) 2
= 39.696
23 .466
tan  =
32 .018
θ = 36⁰ 14’ 16”
Bearing 2-3 = 36⁰ 14’ 16”

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
TUTORIAL
1. Base on following diagram calculate latitude, departure, linear misclosure and adjust all latitude
and departure using Bowditch method for this traverse.
Answer Linear Misclosure : 1: 23026
2. Base on following diagram calculate latitude, departure, linear misclosure and adjust all latitude
and departure using transit method for this traverse.
Answer Linear Misclosure : 1: 28649

CHAPTER 3: TRAVERSE
3. Base on following diagram, calculate bearing and distance for station 4 to 5
Answer : 41.507 193⁰ 52’ 11”
2 . Base on following diagram, calculate bearing and distance for station 6 to 1
Answer : 35.556 146⁰ 39’ 58”

CHAPTER 3:
COORDINATE
CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
CHAPTER 4
Coordinate
North /south coordinate = know coordinate + value of latitude
East /west coordinate = know coordinate + value of departure
COORDINATE VALUE
N 100 E 200 Coordinate N = + 100

Coordinate E = + 200
S 200 W 200 Coordinate S = - 200
Coordinate W = - 200
N 100 W 300 Coordinate N = + 100
Coordinate W = - 300
S 250 E 250 Coordinate S = - 250
Coordinate E = + 250
Basic coordinate calculation
1. Check bearing , bearing must given from know coordinate to un know coordinate
2. After that, calculate latitude and departure
3. Finaly, calculate all the coordinate
PMM | DIPLOMA UKUR TANAH 43

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
DIAGRAM CALCULATION
1. Calculate latit and depart for line 1 to 2
2. Latit = 90.972 cos 55⁰ 09’03”

= 51.983
3. depart = 90.972 sin 55⁰ 09’03”

= 74.657
4. Coordinate N = 200.230 + 51.983 =

252.213
5. Coordinate E = 320.210 + 74.657 =

394.867
So coordinate station 2 = N 252.213 E 394.867
1. Bearing 1 to 2 = 311⁰ 13’ 55” - 180⁰

= 131⁰ 13’ 55”
2. Latit = 55.723 cos 131⁰ 13’ 55”

= -36.728
3. Depart = 55.723 sin 131⁰ 13’ 55”

= 41.906
4. Coordinate N = 100 + (-36.728)

= 63.272
5. Coordinate W = - 250 + 41.906

= -208.094
Coordinate station 2 = N 63.272 W 208.094

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
1. Bearing 2 to 1 = 129⁰ 38’ 59” + 180⁰

= 309⁰ 38’ 59
2. Latit = 88.096 cos 129⁰ 38’ 59”

= -56.213
3. Depart = 88.096 sin 129⁰ 38’ 59”

= 67.830
4. Coordinate S = -100 + (-56.213)

= -156.213
5. Coordinate E = - 200 + 67.830

= 267.830
Coordinate station 2 = S 156.213 E 267.830
1. Bearing 2 to 1 = 53⁰ 12’ 20” + 180⁰

= 233⁰ 12’ 20”
2. Latit = 82.122 cos 233⁰ 12’ 20”

= -49.187
3. Depart = 82.122 cos 233⁰ 12’ 20”

= - 65.762
4. Coordinate S = - 150 + (-49.187)

= - 199.187
5. Coordinate E = 200 + (- 65.762)

= -134.238
Coordinate station 2 = S 199.187 E 134.238

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 1
Calculate coordinate for all station. Given coordinate for station 1 is N 200 E 350.
Step by step
1. Check all bearing, bearing should be read from known station.

So bearing for line 3 to 4 is 229⁰ 18’ 10” - 180⁰ = 49⁰ 18’ 10”
2. Calculate latitude and departure for all line
3. Calculate coordinate using latitude, departure and given coordinate.
COORDINATE
N/S E/W
1 200 350
2 51⁰ 39’ 30” 46.823 29.047 36.724 229.047 386.724
3 118⁰ 45’ 33” 54.661 -26.299 47.919 202.748 434.643
4 49⁰ 18’ 10” 42.740 27.869 32.404 230.617 467.047

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 2
Calculate coordinate for all station. Given coordinate for station 3 is S 200 E 200 .
Step by step
1. Check all bearing, bearing should be read from known station.

So bearing for line 2 to 1 is 55⁰ 37’ 33” + 180⁰ =235⁰ 37’ 33”
2. Calculate latitude and departure for all line
3. Calculate coordinate using latitude, departure and given coordinate.
COORDINATE
N/S E/W
3 - 200 200
2 297⁰ 59’ 38” 42.057 19.741 -37.136 -180.943 162.864
1 235⁰ 37’ 33” 44.755 -25.268 -36.939 -43.347 125.925
COORDINATE
N/S E/W
3 - 200 200
4 57⁰ 08’ 38” 34.567 18.754 29.038 -181.246 229.038

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 3
Base on latitude and departure given, calculate coordinate for all station. Given coordinate for station
5 is N 320 W 200
STN LATIT DEPART
2 12.363 -60.192
3 53.103 -5.907
4 31.749 37.971
5 -3.371 45.003
6 -29.968 38.970
1 -63.876 -55.845
Answer
COORDINATE
STN LATIT DEPART
N/S E/W
5 320.000 -200.000
6 -29.968 38.970 290.032 -161.030
1 -63.876 -55.845 226.156 -216.875
2 12.363 -60.192 238.519 -277.067
3 53.103 -5.907 291.622 -282.974
4 31.749 37.971 323.371 -245.003
5 -3.371 45.003 320.000 -200.000

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 4
Base on diagram given, calculate the coordinate for all station. Given coordinate for station 1 is S200 E
200
Answer
COORDINATE
N/S E/W
1 -200 200
2 318⁰ 44’ 01” 55.864 41.990 -36.846 -158.010 -163.154
3 51⁰ 09’54” 49.907 31.296 38.875 -126.714 202.029
4 118⁰ 27’49” 46.300 -22.067 40.703 -148.781 242.732
5 173⁰ 56’51” 40.370 -40.145 4.257 -188.926 246.989
1 256⁰ 44’ 20” 48.276 -11.074 -46.989 -200.000 200

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 5
Base on diagram given; calculate the coordinate for all station. Given coordinate for station 4 is S200
W 200
Answer
COORDINATE
N/S E/W
4 -200 -200
5 244⁰ 01’ 57” 46.753 -20.471 -42.033 -220.471 -242.033
1 328⁰ 33’ 15” 39.265 33.498 -20.484 -186.973 -262.517
2 33⁰ 42’ 25” 44.103 36.689 24.475 -150.284 -238.042
3 100⁰ 38’ 02” 44.662 -8.242 43.895 -158.526 -194.147
4 188⁰ 01’ 56” 41.885 -41.474 -5.853 -200.000 -200.000

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 6
Calculate bearing from 2 know coordinate
Answer
Bearing and distance for line 1 to 2
1. Latit = 233.137 – 200 = 33.137

2. Depart = 245.335 – 200 = 45.335
Distance 1 to 2
1-2 =√(33.137)2 + (45.335)2 = 56.154
Bearing 1 to 2
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝐸 𝑜𝑟 𝑊)
tan 𝜃 =
𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 ( 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 𝑆)
45.335
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 33.137
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1.368108157
𝜃 = 53° 50′ 08"
Bearing 1 to 2 is 53⁰ 50’ 08” because both latit and depart are positive.
1. Latit =204.680- 233.137 = -28.457

2. Depart = 304.534 - 245.335 = 59.199
Distance 2 to 3
2 – 3 =√(28.457)2 + (59.199)2 = 65.684
Bearing 2 to 3
59.199
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 28.457
𝜃 = 64° 19′ 34"
Bearing 2 to 3 = 360⁰ - 64° 19′ 34" = 295⁰ 40’ 25”

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
EXAMPLE 7
Calculate bearing and distance for line 1 to 2 and line 2 to 3
Answer
3. Latit = -227.853 – (- 200) = - 27.853

4. Depart = 303.909 – 250 = 53.909
Distance 1 to 2
1-2 =√(27.853)2 + (53.909)2 = 60.679
Bearing 1 to 2
tan 𝜃 =
53.909
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 27.853
𝜃 = 62° 40′ 34"
Bearing 1 to 2 is 180⁰- 62° 40′ 34"= 117⁰ 19’ 26”
3. Latit =-212.460 –(-227.853) =15.393

4. Depart = 361.485 – 303.909 = 57.576
Distance 2 to 3
2 – 3 =√(15.393)2 + (57.576)2 = 59.598
Bearing 2 to 3
57.576
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
15.393
𝜃 = 75° 01′ 55"
Bearing 2 to 3 is 75° 01′ 55"

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 8
Calculate coordinate for intersection point P
Answer
Calculate bearing for line AC and line BD
Bearing and distance for line B to D
1. Latit = 10.442-100 = -89.558

2. Depart = 325.651 – 200 = 125.651
Bearing B to D
tan 𝜃 =
125.651
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
89.558
𝜃 = 54° 31′ 14"
Bearing B to D is 180 − 54° 31′ 14" = 125⁰ 28′ 46"
Bearing and distance for line B to D
1. Latit = 91.945 – 28.922 = 63.023

2. Depart = 312.375 – 200.947 = 111.428
Bearing A to C
111.428
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
63.023
𝜃 = 60° 30′ 28"
Bearing A to C is 60° 30′ 28"

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
To calculate coordinate P, first calculate bearing and distance for line BA
Bearing and distance for line BA
1. Latit = 28.922-100 = -71.078

2. Depart = 200.947 -200 = 0.947
Distance 1 to 2
1-2 =√(71.078)2 + (0.947)2 = 71.084
Bearing 1 to 2
0.947
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 71.078
𝜃 = 0° 45′ 48"
Bearing 1 to 2 is 360⁰ -0⁰ 45’ 48” = 359⁰ 14’ 12”
Calculate angle P angle B
Angle P = (125⁰ 28’ 46” + 180⁰ ) – ( 60⁰ 30’ 28” + 180⁰ ) =64⁰ 58’ 18”
Angle B = (359⁰ 14’ 12”-180⁰ ) - 125⁰ 28’ 46” = 53⁰ 45’ 26”
Distance AP
𝑠𝑖𝑛 64⁰ 58’ 18” 𝑠𝑖𝑛 53⁰ 45’ 26”

=
71.084 𝐴𝑃
Distance AP = 63.272
Calculate latit and depart for line AP
COORDINATE
N/S E/W
A 28.922 200.947
P 60⁰ 30’ 28” 63.272 31.149 55.073 60.071 256.020

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 9
Calculate area using coordinate method. Given coordinate for station 1 N 100 E 150
COORDINATE
STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART AREA
N/S E/W
1 100 150
2 121⁰00’07” 39.014 -20.095 33.441 79.90 183.441 18344.1 11985.75
3 72⁰10’12” 40.936 12.534 38.970 92.439 222.411 17771.751 16957.103
4 181⁰09’49” 39.619 -39.611 -0.805 52.828 221.606 20485.037 11749.528
5 209⁰08’52” 29.602 -25.853 -14.418 26.975 207.188 10945.328 5977.822
6 295⁰23’45” 44.969 19.286 -40.623 46.261 166.565 4493.091 9584.724
1 342⁰52’05” 56.234 53.739 -16.565 100 150 6939.150 16656.5
TOTAL 78978.457 72911.427
𝟕𝟖𝟗𝟕𝟖.𝟒𝟓𝟕−𝟕𝟐𝟗𝟏𝟏.𝟒𝟐𝟕
Area =
𝟐
= 3033.515

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 10
Calculate area using coordinate method. Given coordinate for station 1 is S 200 E 150
COORDINATE
N/S E/W
1 -200 150
334⁰28’42” 52.006 46.931 -22.407
2 -153.069 127.593 -25518.6 -22960.4
309⁰40’46” 55.410 35.379 -42.645
3 -117.690 84.948 -13002.9 -15016.4
16⁰12’21” 69.926 67.148 19.516
4 -50.542 104.464 -12294.4 -4293.4
95⁰00’02” 99.401 -8.664 99.023
5 -59.206 203.487 -10284.6 -6184.9
200⁰48’ 06” 150.611 -140.794 -53.487
1 -200 150 -8880.9 -40697.4
TOTAL -69981.4 -89152.5
−𝟔𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟒−(−𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟓)
Area =
𝟐
= 9585.5

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
Example 10
Calculate area using coordinate method. Given coordinate for station 2 is N 100 W 200
COORDINATE
N/S E/W
2 100 -200
82⁰ 46’30” 129.457 16.281 128.429

3 116.281 -71.571
-7157.1 -23256.2
161⁰ 50’ 50” 89.207 -84.767 27.793
4 31.514 -43.778
-5090.54962 -2255.48849
203⁰ 42’ 40” 94.153 -86.205 -37.861
5 -54.691 -81.639
-2572.77145 2394.262598
300⁰ 00’ 20” 159.927 79.977 -138.493
1 25.286 -220.132
12039.23921 -2064.32375
15⁰ 04’ 51” 77.379 74.714 20.133
2 100 -199.999
-5057.17471 -22013.2
-7838.35657
TOTAL -47194.9497
-47194.9497
−𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟖.𝟑𝟓𝟕−(−𝟒𝟕𝟏𝟗𝟒.𝟗𝟒𝟗𝟕)
Area =
𝟐
= 19678.296

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
TUTORIAL
1. Calculate bearing and distance for line AB and coordinate for point C
2. Calculate coordinate for traverse and calculate area using coordinate method. Given coordinate for station
1 ia N 100 W 250.

CHAPTER 4: TRAVERSE
3. Base on given diagram,calculate coordinate for point P.
4. Base on this table ,calculate:-

STATION LATIT DEPART
i. Coordinate for each station, given coordinate
for staion 3 is S 430.050 E 150.300 1
ii. Sketch the traverse 2 -29.968 38.970
3 -52.278 4.013
4 -13.185 -19.236
5 1.588 -40.624
6 27.816 -35.339
1 66.027 52.216
5. Base on given data, calculate:-
i. Bearing and distance for each station
ii. Calculate area for this traverse
iii. Sketch the traverse
Coordinate
Station
N/S E/W
1 320.000 450.000
2 386.017 495.362
3 367.764 596.135
4 287.144 614.401
5 222.953 519.109
1 320.000 450.000

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JKA, POLITEKNIK KUCHING SARAWAK

CG 103 SURVEY COMPUTATION 1

NOOR FAIZAH BINTI ZOHARDIN

1.0 BEARING AND ANGLE

2.0 SURVEY TRIGONOMETRY

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLO)

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION TABLE (AST)

ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR COURSEWORK

Alhamdullah, segala puji bagi Allah, tuhan pencipta sekalian alam.

NOOR FAIZAH BINTI ZOHARDIN

CETAKKAN PERTAMA :JUN 2013

CHAPTER 1 : BEARING AND ANGLE

BEARING INTERNAL ANGLE BACK BEARING

Front bearing for line AC is

Value 127⁰ 55’ 15” is back

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 1

EXAMPLE 1 : BACK BEARING

Base on the above figure:-

a. Bearing/ front bearing from A to B is 58° 26’ 35”

b. Bearing/ front bearing from B to C is 109° 37’ 55”

c. Bearing / front bearing from C to D is 232° 08’ 47”

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 2

CALCULATE ANGLE FROM 2 BEARING

Base on following diagram, calculate angle y

1. Check value for each bearing

Angle y = 135° 34’ 54” - 39° 06’ 41”

= 96° 28’ 13”

Not right value, to get

Angle y = 129° 53’ 12” - (237° 26’ 19” - 180°)

= 129° 53’ 12” - 57° 26’ 19”

= 72° 26’ 53”

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 3

Calculate angle θ1 = 360⁰ - 289⁰ 23’ 22”

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 4

Angle y = (26° 03’ 24” + 180°) - 73° 01’ 42”

Angle y = (360°-326° 25’ 56”)+ (208° 13’ 25”-180°)

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 5

Angle y = 213° 53’ 20” -138° 59’ 39”

Base on following diagram, calculate bearing for line x to q

Bearing x to q = 196° 17’ 53” + 113° 52’ 26”

= 310° 10’ 19”

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 6

Bearing x to q = 289° 59’ 48” - 44° 53’ 18”

= 245° 06’ 30”

Calculate angle θ1 = 360⁰ - 299⁰ 43’ 22”

= 60⁰ 16’ 38”

Bearing xq = 105⁰ 30’ 10” - 60⁰ 16’ 38”

= 45⁰ 13’ 32”

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 7

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 8

Bearing x to q = (130°51’ 28” + 180° ) - 112° 59’ 15”

QUADRANT BEARING AND WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING

 Whole circle bearing- clockwise angle from 0˚ to 360˚

✓ angle lying between 0˚ to 90˚

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 9

quadrant bearing = N θ° E Quadrant bearing = S θ° E

QUADRANT BEARING WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING DRAWING

PREPARED BY NFZ PMM | DIPLOMA GEOMATIK 10