REYES JOHN DAVID B 1ST SEM FINALS – Engineering Data Analysis

BS ECE 1-4 FEBRUARY 03, 2024

PART 3. PROBLEM SOLVING

Using the R Programming. Make a script, analyze and interpret the console output. Submit your
answer in a statistical procedure. Missing process it means wrong. 5 points each.

1-5. A corporation owns a chain of several hundred gasoline stations on the eastern seaboard. The
marketing director wants to test a proposed marketing campaign by running ads on some local
television stations and determining whether gasoline sales at a sample of the company' s stations
increase after the advertising. The following data represent gasoline sales for a day before and a day
after the advertising campaign. Determine whether sales increased significantly after the advertising
campaign. Use an alpha of 0.05.
5 points

STEP 1. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Null hypothesis:

𝝁𝟏=𝝁𝟐

Alternative hypothesis:

𝝁𝟏≠𝝁𝟐

Ho: There is no significant difference in gasoline sales before and after the advertising campaign.

Ha: Gasoline sales increased significantly after the advertising campaign.

STEP 2: SIGNIFICCANT LEVEL

a= 0.05
STEP 3. DETERMINE THE TEST DISTRIBUTION TO USE OR TEST THE ASSUMPTION

The independent variable is the advertising campaign (presence or absence), and

the dependent variable is the gasoline sales.

4. PROCEDURE P VALUE METHOD

Using p-value approach:

If p value≤𝟎,therefore reject Ho, otherwise failed to
reject Ho

5. STATS DECISIONS
the computed value is 0.0001477 less than the alpha value, the decision is to reject the null hypothesis.

6. CONCLUSION

Therefore, we have sufficient evidence to conclude that gasoline sales increased significantly after the advertising
campaign at the 0.05 significance level.

6-10. A nurse researcher wanted to know if the heart rate and blood pressure are correlated among
patients undergoing renal dialysis. A random sample of 10 patients was done and measured both
variables. Test the hypothesis at 0.05 significance level.
5 points

STEP 1. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Null hypothesis:

𝝁𝟏=𝝁𝟐

Alternative hypothesis:

𝝁𝟏≠𝝁𝟐
Ho: There is no significant correlation between heart rate and blood pressure among patients undergoing renal dialysis..

Ha: There is a significant correlation between heart rate and blood pressure among patients undergoing renal dialysis.

STEP 2: SIGNIFICCANT LEVEL

a= 0.05

STEP 3. DETERMINE THE TEST DISTRIBUTION TO USE OR TEST THE ASSUMPTION

The independent variable in this scenario is the type of treatment or intervention administered to patients undergoing
renal dialysis.

The dependent variables are heart rate and blood pressure, which are expected to be influenced by the type of
treatment or intervention administered.

4. PROCEDURE P VALUE METHOD

Using p-value approach:

If p value≤𝟎,therefore reject Ho, otherwise failed to
reject Ho
5. STATS DECISIONS

the computed p-value is 0.0003466 and the significance level (α) is 0.05, since the computed p-value (0.0003466) is less
than the significance level (0.05), we reject the null hypothesis.

6. CONCLUSION

There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant correlation between heart rate and blood pressure
among patients undergoing renal dialysis at the 0.05 significance level.

11-15. Create a factor, based on the information given. I asked 150 residents of Barangay Dela Paz to rate
their level of agreement about mass testing. Most of the respondents answered “Strongly Agree” with
frequency of 60. Fifty of them answered “Agree”, followed by “Disagree” and Strongly Disagree” with frequency
of 30 and 10, respectively

16-20. Five sets of identical twins were selected at random from a population of identical twins. One
child was selected at random from each pair to form an "experimental group." These five children
were sent to school. The other five children were kept at home as a control group. At the end of the
school year the following IQ scores were obtained. Does this evidence justify the conclusion that lack
of school experience has a depressing effect on IQ scores?
5 points
STEP 1. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Null hypothesis:

𝝁𝟏=𝝁𝟐

Alternative hypothesis:

𝝁𝟏≠𝝁𝟐

Ho: Lack of school experience does not have a depressing effect on IQ scores.

Ha: T Lack of school experience has a depressing effect on IQ scores.

STEP 2: SIGNIFICCANT LEVEL

a= 0.05

STEP 3. DETERMINE THE TEST DISTRIBUTION TO USE OR TEST THE ASSUMPTION

Independent variable: The independent variable is the type of experience (school vs. no school), which is manipulated by
sending one child from each pair of identical twins to school while keeping the other child at home.

Dependent variable: The dependent variable is the IQ scores obtained at the end of the school year.

4. PROCEDURE P VALUE METHOD

Using p-value approach:

If p value≤𝟎,therefore reject Ho, otherwise failed to
reject Ho
5. STATS DECISIONS

Decision: If the computed p-value is 0.541 and the significance level (α) is typically chosen as 0.05, since the computed p-
value (0.541) is greater than the significance level (0.05), we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

6. CONCLUSION

Conclusion: Based on the evidence, there is not enough evidence to conclude that lack of school experience has a
depressing effect on IQ scores. The data does not justify rejecting the null hypothesis.
21-25. An experiment was conducted to determine whether a test designed to identify a certain form
of mental illness could be easily interpreted with little psychological raining. The test was given to 100
people (half of which had the illness, and half didn't) and fifteen people were asked to evaluate them.
The fifteen judges were five staff members of a mental hospital, five trainees at the hospital, and five
undergraduate psychology majors. The results in the table give the number of the 100 tests correctly
classified by each judge.
5 points

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STEP 1. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Null hypothesis:

𝝁𝟏=𝝁𝟐

Alternative hypothesis:

𝝁𝟏≠𝝁𝟐

Ho: The ability to interpret the test for identifying a certain form of mental illness is not influenced by the background or
experience of the judge.

Ha: The ability to interpret the test for identifying a certain form of mental illness is influenced by the background or
experience of the judge.

STEP 2: SIGNIFICCANT LEVEL

a= 0.05
STEP 3. DETERMINE THE TEST DISTRIBUTION TO USE OR TEST THE ASSUMPTION

Independent variable: The independent variable is the background or experience of the judge, which includes three
levels: staff members of a mental hospital, trainees at the hospital, and undergraduate psychology majors.

Dependent variable: The dependent variable is the number of tests correctly classified by each judge.

4. PROCEDURE P VALUE METHOD

Using p-value approach:

If p value≤𝟎,therefore reject Ho, otherwise failed to
reject Ho
5. STATS DECISIONS

the computed p-value is 0.2278 and the significance level (

α) is typically chosen as 0.05, since the computed p-value (0.2278) is greater than the significance level (0.05), we fail to
reject the null hypothesis.

6. CONCLUSION

Based on the evidence, there is not enough evidence to conclude that the background or experience of the judge
influences the ability to interpret the test for identifying a certain form of mental illness. The data does not justify
rejecting the null hypothesis.