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Back Propagation Algorithm

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3 views4 pages

Back Propagation Algorithm

Uploaded by

rakeen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Advanced AI & Machine Learning 21AI71

Laboratory
BACKPROPAGATION Algorithm

BACKPROPAGATION (training_example, η, nin, nout, nhidden )


Each training example is a pair of the form ( ), where ( ) is the vector of network
input values,(t) and is the vector of target network output values.
η is the learning rate (e.g., .05). ni, is the number of network inputs, nhidden the number
of units in the hidden layer, and nout the number of output units.
The input from unit i into unit j is denoted xji, and the weight from unit i to unit j is
denoted wji

 Create a feed-forward network with ni inputs, nhidden hidden units, and nout output
units.
 Initialize all network weights to small random numbers
 Until the termination condition is met, Do

 For each ( →, → ), in training examples, Do

Propagate the input forward through the network:


1. Input the instance →, to the network and compute the output ou of every
unit u in the network.

Propagate the errors backward through the network:

1
Advanced AI & Machine Learning 21AI71
Laboratory
Training Examples:

Expected % in
Example Sleep Study
Exams
1 2 9 92
2 1 5 86
3 3 6 89

Normalize the input


Expected %
Example Sleep Study
in Exams
1 2/3 = 0.66666667 9/9 = 1 0.92
2 1/3 = 0.33333333 5/9 = 0.55555556 0.86
3 3/3 = 1 6/9 = 0.66666667 0.89

Program:

import numpy as np
X = np.array(([2, 9], [1, 5], [3, 6]), dtype=float)
y = np.array(([92], [86], [89]), dtype=float)
X = X/np.amax(X,axis=0) # maximum of X array longitudinally
y = y/100

#Sigmoid Function
def sigmoid (x):
return 1/(1 + np.exp(-x))

#Derivative of Sigmoid Function


def derivatives_sigmoid(x):
return x * (1 - x)

#Variable initialization
epoch=5000 #Setting training iterations
lr=0.1 #Setting learning rate
inputlayer_neurons = 2 #number of features in data set
hiddenlayer_neurons = 3 #number of hidden layers neurons
output_neurons = 1 #number of neurons at output layer

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Advanced AI & Machine Learning 21AI71
Laboratory
#weight and bias initialization
wh=np.random.uniform(size=(inputlayer_neurons,hiddenlayer_neur
ons))
bh=np.random.uniform(size=(1,hiddenlayer_neurons))
wout=np.random.uniform(size=(hiddenlayer_neurons,output_neuron
s))
bout=np.random.uniform(size=(1,output_neurons))

#draws a random range of numbers uniformly of dim x*y


for i in range(epoch):

#Forward Propogation
hinp1=np.dot(X,wh)
hinp=hinp1 + bh
hlayer_act = sigmoid(hinp)
outinp1=np.dot(hlayer_act,wout)
outinp= outinp1+ bout
output = sigmoid(outinp)

#Backpropagation
EO = y-output
outgrad = derivatives_sigmoid(output)
d_output = EO* outgrad
EH = d_output.dot(wout.T)

#how much hidden layer wts contributed to error


hiddengrad = derivatives_sigmoid(hlayer_act)
d_hiddenlayer = EH * hiddengrad

# dotproduct of nextlayererror and currentlayerop


wout += hlayer_act.T.dot(d_output) *lr
wh += X.T.dot(d_hiddenlayer) *lr

print("Input: \n" + str(X))


print("Actual Output: \n" + str(y))
print("Predicted Output: \n" ,output)

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Advanced AI & Machine Learning 21AI71
Laboratory

Output:

Input:
[[0.66666667 1.00000000]
[0.33333333 0.55555556]
[1.00000000 0.66666667]]

Actual Output:
[[0.92]
[0.86]
[0.89]]

Predicted Output:
[[0.89726759]
[0.87196896]
[0.9000671]]

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