UTS REVIEWER

COVERAGE: Group 3 - 5
BLUE- SIDE NOTES

Group 3 SELF FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

REAL AND IDEAL SELF of CARL ROGERS

Self-concept
- refers to the image of oneself.
ROGERS defined Self as a flexible and changing perception of
personal identity.

TWO COMPONENTS OF SELF-CONCEPT: REAL SELF AND IDEAL

SELF.

REAL SELF
refers to how you see yourself at this moment in time physical
characteristics, and personality traits.

IDEAL SELF
person's conception of what one should be or wanted to be

CONGRUENT AND INCONGRUENT

CONGRUENT (More fulfilled & happy)

The closer of ideal self is to the real self,
INCONGRUENT (Less happy)
The father of Ideal self to real self
MULTIPLE VS. UNIFIED SELF

MULTIPLE SELF
•refers to the different ways that individuals interact with the different
situations and circumstances in their lives.
Much more likely na ibat iba ang personality mo sa base sa situation
EX: In work you are strict in the house you are a loving parent and around
friends you are a prankster or carefree present yung distinction of self base
sa circumstances or role ng tao
UNIFIED SELF
referring to the "composite" persona, or to the "said that contains all
of the other personas that exist within a person interactional style”
This were not the complete opposite of multiple its just that na kaya natin
harmonize yung mga persona natin without inner conflict to be precise
ganto sya EX: meron tayong core traits na hindi nawawala whatever our
roles sa society or circumstances IN work you listen to your workmates
issue As a parent you listen to your children worries where both roles
shows EMPATHY making the self as cohesive and unified
DAVID LESTER - MULTIPLE VS. UNIFIED
1. construction of multiple selves varies across different roles and
relationships.
Just like in multiple self kung sa bahay di ka makabasag pinggan
pero pag kasama mo tropa mo kupal ka mga ganun instances
2. •Coping with different selves constitutes a formidable task among
adolescents.
Well since adolescent where they still develop their identity yung
switcheroo of self nila ay pwede maging confusing para malaman or
 masagot nila yung tanong “SINO BA TLGA AKO” thats why its hard
for them to cope on this
3. •These challenges contribute heavily to the young person's struggle
for a unified self. Self explanatory

THREE DOMAINS BY DAVID LESTER

Experiential Self: "Theater of Consciousness"
First person felt the experience of being. (POV)
Private Self: "Autobiographical Self"
verbally narrates what is happening and tries to make sense of what
is going on.
Verbally narrates kase nag reflect ka kung ano ba yung nangyari sa buhay
mo or dialogues sa utak mo just to further understand what happened sa
buhay natin
Public Self:
Self: The public image that you attempt to project to others
which in turn interacts with how people actually see you.
TRUE SELF VS FALSE SELF
Donald Winnicott
- self is composed of the true self and the false self.

TRUE SELF
refers to your authentic, innermost identity. It’s how you truly think,
feel, and behave when not influenced by outside pressures, societal
expectations, or the desire to conform.
FALSE SELF
refers to a persona that people create to protect themselves, gain
approval, or fit in with societal or peer expectations.

CAUSES OF THE FAKE SELF

1. Social conditioning
2. Fear of rejection
3. Low self-esteem
4. Pressure to conform

THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC

1. The SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY by Albert Bandura
people learn through observing, imitating, and modeling others’ behavior
called VICARIOUS LEARNING.
2. For him human agency embodies; Intentionality,
forethought, self-reactiveness, and self reflectiveness
Human agency ito yung mga nag shape ng behaviour ng isang tao
Intentionality - kakayahan mag set ng goals and pursue them
Forethought - ability na mahulaan yung future outcomes and
mapaghandaan ito
Self reactiveness - ability to monitor and regulate one’s actions, adjusting
them as needed to achieve goals.
Self reflectiveness - capacity to evaluate one’s actions and the reasons
behind them
THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHETYPE
ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY theory by Carl Jung
stated that the mind or psyche composes of the following main streams:
The ego, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious
Sabi lang dito that our mind is compose of 3 parts una yung EGO - our
conscious mind and through this we have an sense of identity and
awareness second is the PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS ito yung memories
or experience natin and madalas na nakakalimutan lastly is the collective
unconscious dito is about sa archetype and instinct ng tao.
According to Jung there are four major
archetypes; The self, shadow, persona, and anima/animus.
The Self: Represents the integrated whole of the psyche, balancing all
aspects of the personality. Specially the conscious and unconscious parts
The Shadow: The dark, hidden side of the personality, consisting of
repressed weaknesses, desires, and instinct
The Persona: The social mask or identity we present to the outside world,
shaped by social expectations and role
Anima/Animus: The inner opposite gender aspect within each
person—anima in men (the feminine side) and animus in women (the
masculine side)
SIGMUND FREUD'S CONSTRUCTION OF SELF AND PERSONALITY

THE ROLE OF ERIK ERIKSON'S THEORY IN UNDERSTANDING THE

SELF

IN ERIKSON THEORY STATED THAT adolescence stage is a period

of identity development.
Identity formation is usually viewed as a process that requires
adolescents to distance themselves from the strong expectations

THIS THEORY proposes that individual go through eight psychosocial

stages of development.During each stage, the person experiences life
crisis which could have negative consequences if not properly resolved

GROUP 4: THE SELF IN Eastern and Western THOUGHT

EASTERN
Confucianism
1. Originated from chinese philosopher, teacher and political figure
KUNG FU ZI, or CONFUCIUS
 2. The SELF under this thought focus on more HARMONIOUS
SOCIAL LIFE THROUGH ACTING PROPERLY AND
ACCORDINGLY WITH OTHERS ibig sabihin na yung person's
identity and the self concept ay connected or woven altogether with
the identity and status of his/her community or culture

TAOISM
1. TAOISM REJECTS THE STRICTNESS BROUGHT BY
CONFUCIANISM and prefer the simple lifestyle (HO, 1995)
2. IDEAL CONCEPT OF SELF IS SELFLESSNESS BUT NOT
FORGETTING THE SELF
3. SELF MUST PROMOTE HARMONIUS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE
SURROUNDINGS LIKE ACCEPTING CONSTANT CHANGES
FOR THE SAKE OF AVOIDING THE CONFUSION LATER
Confucianism is acting in regards sa iba kumbaga people pleaser ka ganun
Taoism is IDGAF about you and what you think but acting and accepting
the constants changes also help when have the capacity to help
BUDDHISM
1. THE CONCEPT OF SELF IS AN ILLUSION AND THE SELF MUST
LET GO OF EARTHLY AND MATERIAL DESIRES TO AVOID
SUFFERING BECAUSE THEY ONLY LEAD TO DISAPPOINTMENT
AND SUFFERING
2. TO ACHIEVE THE TRUE VERSION OF SELF BY LETTING GO
THE DESIRES
 WESTERN

INDIVIDUALISTIC SELF
1. The concept of self is being individualistic put emphasize on
self being able to accomplish task at hand without any form
of help from others
2. THIS CONCEPT VALUES THE INDEPENDENCE OF A
PERSON

CONCEPT OF SELF-SUFFICIENCY
1. Self must be able to provide his/her nee without help from
others
2. The self can gather the needed resources to accomplish his/her goals
with no help from others
3. BEING SELF-SUFFICIENT implies confidence in one’s capacity
to provide what the self needs from one’s resources and
authority
4. Self needs to establish POWER and ACCUMULATE the needed
knowledge and resources so that one will be able to provide one’s
needs

THE SELF BEING RATIONAL

1. In this concept THERE IS NO TIME FOR THE SELF TO BE WEAK
AND EMOTIONAL
2. Self must not waste resources on meditation and other metaphysical
cognitions but be constantly rationals and reasonable
3. Everything must be explained by LOGIC and REASON
 4. Other Things that are considered illogical are discredited and rejected
THE SUCCESSFUL SELF IS GROUNDED ON ONE’S
INVESTMENT IN REASON AND LOGICAL THINKING

GROUP 5: The Physical Aspect of the Self

PHYSICAL SELF

- Refers to the body that includes basic parts such as head, neck,
arms, and legs. It also includes other organs
WILLIAM JAMES
1. Considered body/initial source of sensation & necessary for the origin
& maintenance of personality
2. Element of spiritual hygiene of supreme significance
Emphasize na yung BODY is not just a vessel but a core for to experience
the sensations sa mundo, and connected din daw yung mind and body
kase for him taking care of the body directly influences mental and spiritual
well-being

SIGMUND FREUD
1. Psychoanalytic school, construction of the self and personality makes
the body and the core of human experience
Freud believed that bodily experiences, particularly those related to
basic drives and instincts, are the foundation of human behavior,
emotions, and ultimately, personality.
WILHELM REICH
1. MIND AND BODY ARE ONE
2. All psychological processes he postulated are part of physical
processes and vice versa
Body and mind are one because what we think ay connected sa atin
physically like how repressed emotions, traumas, and unresolved
psychological conflicts manifest physically, leading to chronic muscle
tension and other bodily expressions
ERIK ERIKSON
The role of bodily organs is especially important in early
developmental stages of a person's life. Later in life, the development
of physical as well as intellectual skills help determine whether the
individual will achieve a sense of competence and ability to choose
demanding roles in a complex society
It was mentioned bodily organs ibig sabihin non is that through this
we can experience feeding oneself or toilet training, builds a
foundation for confidence and self-reliance. Since we all know the
psychosexual shape our developments
CARL JUNG
Argued that the physical body and the external world can be known
only as psychological experiences.
Dito sinasabi ni JUNG na hindi daw natin kaya iperceive ang mundo
through our body objectively ito interpreted by our mind to experience them
and understand and engage with our bodies and surroundings.
B.F. SKINNER
THE ROLE OF THE BODY IS OF PRIMARY IMPORTANCE
the body’s responses and interactions with the environment are the
foundation of how we learn and adapt.

BIOLOGICAL SELF
A crucial aspect of the self is one 's physical features
including the face, bodily structure, height and weight. However, people
should also consider their physical competencies, valuation of physical
worth, and perception of beauty. LIKE MGA AM I BEAUTIFUL, DO
PEOPLE FIND ME ATTRACTIVE
THE BEGINNING OF LIFE
FERTILIZATION - Meeting of egg cell and sperm cell
ZYGOTE - Fertilized egg cell; contains all the
hereditary potentials from the parents.
GENES - True carrier of the hereditary characteristics
of the parents.

STAGES IN THE LIFE SPAN

1. Prenatal Period (Conception of birth )
2. Infancy (Birth to end of 2nd week)
3.Babyhood (End of 2nd week to end of the 2nd year)
4. Early Childhood or PreSchool age ( 2 - 6 years )
5. Late Childhood or Elementary age ( 6 - 10 or 12 years )
6 Adolescence ( 13 or 14 - 18 years) .
7.Early Adulthood ( 18 - 40 years)
8. Middle Age (40 - 60 years)
9. Old Age or Senescence ( 60 - death )

FACTORS IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHYSICAL SELF

GENOTYPE
refers to the genetic makeup of an individual—the specific set of
genes inherited from both parents. Unique only to you
HEREDITY
transmission of genetic traits from parents to their offspring. It plays a
critical role in determining physical characteristics
PHENOTYPE observable physical traits of an individual, which result
from the interaction between their genotype and environmental influences.
ENVIRONMENT
INCLUDES EVERYTHING AROUND YOU THAT AFFECTS
GROWTH
MATURATION
the natural process of growing and developing over time. Your body
changes as you age,

HALO EFFECT
refers to the tendency of people to rate attractive individuals
more favorable for their personality traits or characteristics as compared to
those who are less attractive.
Pag pogi ka or maganda mas favored ang tao sayo
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST APPROACH
1. suggests that beauty, weight, sexuality, or race do not simply result
from the collection of genes one inherited from one's parents
2. A person may have a certain set of facial features, or weigh a certain
pounds and attractiveness will come from the time and place in which
they live.
Beauty is not defined by physical appearance but by collective
Societal influences, cultural norms, and historical contexts. To
perceive that one is attractive which yung like ng standard of beauty
tackled below
JANES GAINES ON FASHION 1990
“A woman is what she wears.”
Women are often defined completely by their Clothing. In this study, it
suggests that people have body images

BODY IMAGE
The mental representation one creates, but it may or may not bear
close relation to how others actually see you. Your own perception of
yourself

STANDARDS OF BEAUTY
SYMMETRY
1. Defined not with proportion, but rather with similarity between the left
and the right sides of the face.
 2. Biologists had also hypothesized that we prefer faces that epitomize
the“manliness”or“femininity”of their gender.

Beauty & SelfExpressions Across Cultures

Since birth, the socialized body is subjected to cultural norms. The
attitude towards the body and the bodily practices reflect the value
constellation of each particular society.

IS PHYSICAL BEAUTY IMPORTANT?

1. BODY IMAGE REFERS TO HOW YOU PERCEIVE YOUR
PHYSICAL BODY WHTHER YOU BELIEVE YOU ARE
ATTRACTIVE AND HOW YOU BELIEVE OTHERS PERCEIVE
YOUR APPEARANCE
2. APPEARANCE REFERS TO EVERYTHING ABOUT THE PERSON
THAT OTHER CAN OBSERVE
3. THROUGH APPEARANCE PEOPLE CAN SHOW TO OTHERS THE
KIND OF PERSON THEY ARE
4. IT appears that body image is related to SELF ESTEEM
 5. Adolescents worry about different parts of their bodies
6. Younger women and girls tend to have poor body image

CAUSES OF POOR BODY IMAGE

1. BULLYING AND PEER PRESSURE
2. MEDIA SUCH TELEVISION, ADVERTISEMENTS MUSIC AND
MOVIES Like dito sa pinas according to some studies the beauty is
defined through skin tone mas maputi ka mas maganda ka kaya yung
mga soap promotes whitening even yung mga facial wash, cream etc
promotes it

Recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape or size it
comes in.

“BEAUTY BEGINS THE MOMENT YOU DECIDE TO BE YOURSELF”

COCO CHANEL

SELF ESTEEM (GLORIA GRAYNOR)

SELF ESTEEM
how we value and perceive ourselves. It is based on our opinions and
beliefs about ourselves.
HOW IT AFFECTS PEOPLE?
Self-esteem impacts your decision-making process, your
relationships, your emotional health, and your overall well-being.

TYPES OF SELF ESTEEM

INFLATED SELF - ESTEEM is when people hold high regards of
themselves, better than the other to the point of underestimating them.
HIGH SELF - ESTEEM is a positive self-esteem, which makes the person
be satisfied with themselves.
LOW SELF - ESTEEM is when a person does not value
themselves and does not trust their possibilities.