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Contrast S2

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7 views12 pages

Contrast S2

Uploaded by

aya hamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section 2 Contrast

1. create an image
In [196]: # We will use openCv
# pip3 install opencv-python

In [197]:
# How to read an image
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

In [198]:
# synthetic image
height, width = 100, 100

synthetic_image = np.zeros((height, width))

In [199]:

# Fill the right half with white


synthetic_image[:, width // 2:] = 1 # Set the right half to white

In [200]:

# Display the image


plt.imshow(synthetic_image, cmap='gray', vmin=0, vmax=1)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
2. Read image

In [201]:
# grayed image
g = cv2.imread("grayed.jpg")
plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(g)

Out [201]: <matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x1549929a710>


In [213]:
# Increase brightness
gg = np.array([ x*0.3 for x in g])

# Display the image


plt.imshow(gg, cmap='gray', vmin=0, vmax=256)
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

In [203]:
hist = cv2.calcHist([g], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])

# plot the histogram


plt.figure()
plt.title("Grayscale Histogram")
plt.xlabel("Bins")
plt.ylabel("# of Pixels")
plt.plot(hist)
plt.xlim([0, 256])

Out [203]: (0.0, 256.0)


In [204]:
# Apply linear contrast stretching
min_val = g.min()
max_val = g.max()
stretched_g = (((g - min_val) / (max_val - min_val)) * 255).astype(n

plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(stretched_g)

# cv2.calcHist(images, channels, mask, histSize, ranges)

hist_g = cv2.calcHist([stretched_g], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])

# plot the histogram


plt.figure()
plt.title("Grayscale Histogram")
plt.xlabel("Bins")
plt.ylabel("# of Pixels")
plt.plot(hist_g)
plt.xlim([0, 256])

Out [204]: (0.0, 256.0)


In [205]:
# Read an Image
image = cv2.imread("forest.png")

plt.axis('off')
plt.imshow(image)

Out [205]: <matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x15499b8b750>


3. Showing histogram for a colored image
In [214]:
# Get histogram for a colored image
def show_hist(image):
# Convert the image from BGR to RGB format
image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)

# Split the image into its three channels


red_channel = image[:, :, 0]
green_channel = image[:, :, 1]
blue_channel = image[:, :, 2]

# Calculate histograms for each channel


red_hist = cv2.calcHist([red_channel], [0], None, [256], [0, 256
green_hist = cv2.calcHist([green_channel], [0], None, [256], [0,
blue_hist = cv2.calcHist([blue_channel], [0], None, [256], [0, 2

# Plotting histograms
plt.figure(figsize=(16, 8))

# Red channel histogram


plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(red_hist, color='red')
plt.title('Histogram for Red Channel')
plt.xlim([0, 256])
# Green channel histogram
plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
plt.plot(green_hist, color='green')
plt.title('Histogram for Green Channel')
plt.xlim([0, 256])

# Blue channel histogram


plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
plt.plot(blue_hist, color='blue')
plt.title('Histogram for Blue Channel')
plt.xlim([0, 256])

# Show the plot


plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

In [207]: show_hist(image)

In [208]:
# Function to apply linear contrast stretching

def linear_contrast_stretching(image):
# Convert BGR (OpenCV format) to RGB (Matplotlib format)
image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
# Compute min and max values
min_val = image.min()
max_val = image.max()

stretched_image = ((image - min_val) / (max_val - min_val) * 255


show_hist(stretched_image)
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(image)
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.imshow(stretched_image)
plt.axis('off')

In [215]: linear_contrast_stretching(image)

In [210]: # Hist equalization

def histogram_equalization(image):
equalized_image = cv2.equalizeHist(image)

return equalized_image
In [211]:

g = cv2.imread("grayed.jpg",0)

equalized_image = histogram_equalization(g)

# Display the original and equalized images


plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
show_hist(g)
# Original Image
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(g, cmap='gray')
plt.title('Original Grayscale Image')
plt.axis('off')

show_hist(equalized_image)

# Equalized Image
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.imshow(equalized_image, cmap='gray')
plt.title('Histogram Equalized Image')
plt.axis('off')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

<Figure size 1200x600 with 0 Axes>


In [218]:
# Original

hist = cv2.calcHist([g], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])

# plot the histogram


plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.title("Grayscale Histogram")
plt.xlabel("Bins")
plt.ylabel("# of Pixels")
plt.plot(hist)
plt.xlim([0, 256])

hist_g = cv2.calcHist([equalized_image], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])

# plot the histogram


plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.title("Equalized Histogram")
plt.xlabel("Bins")
plt.ylabel("# of Pixels")
plt.plot(hist_g)
plt.xlim([0, 256])

Out [218]: (0.0, 256.0)

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