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Reading For Science

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Augustin Nomo
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14 views3 pages

Reading For Science

Uploaded by

Augustin Nomo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE HISTORY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Computer Science is a relatively new field that has rapidly evolved over the
past century. encompasses the study of computers and computational systems,
including their design, development, and use.

The first computer-like device was created in 1822 by Charles Babbage, an


English mathematician and inventor. Babbage's machine, known as the "Difference
Engine," was designed to calculate mathematical tables automatically. Although the
device was never completed, it laid the foundation for the development of future
computing machines.

In 1937, Alan Turing, a British mathematician, created the concept of a


universal machine that could carry out any mathematical computation. This idea was
the basis for the development of the first modern computer, the Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), which was built in 1946. The ENIAC was massive,
occupying an entire room, and it used vacuum tubes to perform calculations.

The field of Computer Science emerged in the 1950s with the development of
programming languages such as Fortran and COBOL. These languages allowed users
to write programs in a more structured and efficient way. In 1956, John McCarthy, an
American computer scientist, coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" (AI) and
organized the Dartmouth Conference, which is considered the birthplace of AI.

In the 1960s, computer networking began to emerge, and the first computer
networks were developed. The development of the internet in the 1980s revolutionized
the way people communicated and shared information. This led to the development of
new applications, such as email and the World Wide Web.

In the past few decades, Computer Science has seen significant advancements
in areas such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science. These
advancements have led to the development of new technologies, such as self-driving
cars and voice-activated assistants like Siri and Alexa.
Computer Science has also had a significant impact on other fields, such as
medicine and finance. The use of computers and algorithms has enabled researchers to
analyze large datasets and develop new treatments for diseases. In finance, computers
have enabled traders to analyze market data and make more informed investment
decisions.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1. Define the term "computational systems."

2. What was the name of the first computer-like device, and who created it?

3. What was the basis for the development of the first modern computer, the ENIAC?

4. Who coined the term "Artificial Intelligence," and what was the significance of the

Dartmouth Conference?

5. What was the impact of the development of the internet on Computer Science?

6. In what decade did the field of Computer Science emerge?

8. How has Computer Science impacted other fields, such as medicine and finance?

VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Match the words with their definitions:

1. Computer Science –

2. Algorithm -

3. Data Science -

4. Artificial Intelligence -

5. Machine Learning -

6. Programming Language -

7. Computer Networking -

8. Self-Driving Cars -
9. Virtual Reality -

10. Augmented Reality -

11. Quantum Computing -

12. Biocomputing –

a. a field that seeks to use biological systems to perform computation and solve

problems

b. the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would typically

require human intelligence

c. the study of computers and computing technologies

d. a subset of Artificial Intelligence that involves the use of algorithms to learn from
data

and improve performance on a specific task

e. the practice of connecting multiple computers together to enable communication and

resource sharing

f. the study of how to extract knowledge and insights from data

g. a set of instructions or steps to accomplish a task or solve a problem

h. a technology that overlays digital information onto the real world

i. vehicles that are capable of driving themselves without human intervention

j. a type of computing that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform

operations on data

k. an artificial environment created with software and presented to the user in a way

that simulates reality

l. a language used to write computer programs

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