NUMPY LEARNINNG PLAN

1. Introduction to NumPy

• What is NumPy?

o Learn about NumPy, its importance in scientific computing and data analysis.

• Installation of NumPy

o Install NumPy using pip install numpy.

2. NumPy Basics

• Understanding Arrays

o What are NumPy arrays (ndarrays) and their advantages over Python lists.

• Creating Arrays

o array(), zeros(), ones(), empty(), full(), arange(), linspace(), eye(), and random().

• Array Data Types

o Specifying data types (dtype) while creating arrays.

• Array Attributes

o shape, dtype, ndim, size, and itemsize.

3. Array Operations

• Basic Operations

o Arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus).

• Universal Functions (ufuncs)

o np.add(), np.subtract(), np.multiply(), np.divide(), trigonometric functions.

4. Indexing and Slicing

• Array Indexing

o Accessing elements using positive and negative indices.

• Slicing Arrays

o Understanding how to slice arrays (arr[start:end:step]).

• Fancy Indexing and Boolean Masking

o Accessing arrays using lists or boolean masks.

• Modifying Arrays

o How to modify specific elements or sections of arrays.

5. Reshaping and Resizing Arrays

• Reshape Arrays

o Using reshape(), flatten() to modify array shapes.

• Concatenating and Splitting Arrays

o concatenate(), vstack(), hstack(), split(), and hsplit().

6. Statistical and Mathematical Functions

• Basic Statistics

o mean(), median(), sum(), min(), max(), std(), var().

• Aggregation Functions

o Cumulative sum (cumsum()), cumulative product (cumprod()).

• Random Sampling

o Random number generation with np.random (e.g., rand(), randn(), seed()).

7. Working with Matrices

• Matrix Operations

o Creating matrices, dot(), matrix multiplication, transpose (T), determinant, inverse.

• Solving Linear Equations

o Use np.linalg for linear algebra operations like solve().

8. Advanced Array Manipulation

• Stacking and Unstacking

o np.stack(), np.hstack(), np.vstack().

• Array Transpose and Swapping Axes

o transpose(), swapaxes().

• Sorting and Searching

o Sorting arrays (sort()), searching (where(), argmax(), argmin()).

 PANDAS LEARNING PLAN
1. Introduction to pandas

• What is pandas?

o Overview of pandas and its role in data manipulation and analysis.

• Installation of pandas

o Install pandas using pip install pandas.

2. pandas Basics

• Understanding Data Structures

o Series (1D) and DataFrame (2D).

• Creating Data Structures

o Create Series and DataFrames from lists, dictionaries, and NumPy arrays.

• Attributes of DataFrames

o Learn about shape, index, columns, dtypes.

3. DataFrame Operations

• Indexing and Selecting Data

o Access rows/columns using loc[], iloc[], and direct indexing.

• Column and Row Manipulation

o Adding, renaming, and dropping columns and rows.

• Basic Operations on DataFrames

o Arithmetic operations

4. Handling Missing Data

• Identifying Missing Data

o Use isnull(), notnull(), and sum() to detect missing values.

• Handling Missing Values

o Drop missing values with dropna().

o Fill missing values using fillna() (forward-fill, backward-fill, filling with specific values).

• Imputation Techniques

o Imputation with mean, median, mode.

5. Data Cleaning Techniques

• Removing Duplicates

o Use drop_duplicates() to remove duplicate rows.

• String Operations

o Apply string functions (str.strip(), str.lower(), str.contains()).

• Data Type Conversion

o Convert data types using astype().

• Replacing Values

o Replace values using replace() for cleaning inconsistent or erroneous data.

6. Data Transformation

• Renaming Columns

o Use rename() to modify column names.

• Mapping Values

o Map specific values in columns using map() and replace().

• Handling Categorical Data

o Convert categorical variables into numerical format using get_dummies() or

pd.Categorical().

7. Data Merging and Joining

• Concatenation

o Concatenate data using concat() (vertical and horizontal).

• Merging and Joining DataFrames

o Use merge() to join DataFrames on keys.

• Handling Duplicates in Merging

o Learn strategies for handling overlapping or duplicate data during merges.

8. Sorting and Filtering Data

• Sorting Data

o Sort DataFrames by values or index using sort_values() and sort_index().

• Filtering Data

o Apply conditions to filter data (e.g., df[df['column'] > value]).

• Querying Data

o Use query() for efficient data querying based on conditions.

9. Aggregation and Grouping

• Grouping Data

o Group data using groupby() and apply aggregation functions (sum(), mean(),
count()).

• Pivot Tables

o Create pivot tables with pivot_table().

• Multi-level Indexing

o Work with hierarchical indexing and perform grouped operations.

10. Time Series Data

• Working with Dates and Times

o Parse dates with pd.to_datetime().

• Resampling and Frequency Conversion

o Resample time-series data (e.g., resample(), asfreq()).

• Shifting Data

o Shift data forward or backward with shift().

12. Data Preprocessing for Machine Learning

• Feature Scaling

o Apply normalization or standardization (Min-Max Scaling, Z-Score Scaling) using

pandas or sklearn.preprocessing.

• Encoding Categorical Variables

o Handle categorical data with one-hot encoding (get_dummies()) and label encoding.

• Handling Outliers

o Detect and remove outliers using z-scores, IQR method, or domain knowledge.

• Splitting Data for Training and Testing

o Split data using train_test_split() from scikit-learn for model evaluation.

13. File I/O with pandas

• Reading Data from Files

o Load data from CSV, Excel, JSON, and SQL databases using read_csv(), read_excel(),
read_json(), read_sql().

• Writing Data to Files

o Save DataFrames to CSV, Excel, JSON, or SQL formats using to_csv(), to_excel(),
to_json(), to_sql().