A SYNOPSIS ON

FULL STACK DEVELOPMENT

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the

degree of

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Submitted by:
Name: Raunak Kumar University Roll No: 1102838

Under the Guidance of

Mohd Shuaib
ASSOCIATE
PROFFESOR

Department of Computer Applications

Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
September-2023

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 CANDIDATES DECLARATION
I/we hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the Synopsis entitled “Full
Stack Development” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree
of Master of Computer Applications in the Department of Computer Applications of the
Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun shall be carried out by the undersigned
under the supervision of Mohd Shuaib (Associate Proffesor), Department of Computer
Applications, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun.

Raunak Kumar 1102838 signature

The above mentioned students shall be working under the supervision of the undersigned on
the “Full Stack Development”

Signature Signature
Supervisor Head of the Department

Internal Evaluation (By DPRC Committee)

Status of the Synopsis: Accepted / Rejected

Any Comments:

Name of the Committee Members: Signature with Date

1.
2.

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 Table of Contents

Chapter No. Description Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction and Problem Statement 4 to 6

Chapter 2 Background/ Literature Survey 7 to 9

Chapter 3 Objectives 10 to 11

Chapter 4 Hardware and Software Requirements 12 to 13

Chapter 5 Possible Approach/ Algorithms 14 to 17

Chapter 6 References 18

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 Chapter 1

Introduction and Problem Statement

Introduction

In today’s digital era, bookstores are no longer limited to physical spaces. With the rapid growth of
e-commerce, online bookstores have become an essential platform for both readers and publishers.
An Online Bookstore Management System offers a convenient way for users to browse, search,
and purchase books from the comfort of their homes. It allows them to explore various genres,
authors, and categories without the limitations of geographical boundaries or store hours. This
project aims to develop a web-based application that not only provides users with an interactive
shopping experience but also empowers administrators to efficiently manage books, users, and
orders.

The Online Bookstore System is a full-stack web application that integrates modern technologies
to create a seamless and efficient environment for both users and administrators. Users can easily
register or log in to their accounts, search for books, add them to their shopping cart, and place
orders. On the other hand, administrators have access to a specialized dashboard where they can
perform CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on books, monitor user activity, and
view sales analytics. This system bridges the gap between traditional book retail and the
convenience of online shopping.

The frontend of the application will be built using React.js, a popular JavaScript library known for
its component-based architecture and fast rendering. React Router will be used to handle the
navigation between different pages, ensuring a smooth user experience. For the backend, Node.js
and Express.js will be employed to create a robust server capable of processing API requests
efficiently. The backend will interact with a MongoDB database (or alternatively MySQL), where
all the necessary data – such as books, users, and orders – will be stored.

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One of the key features of this project is user authentication and authorization. JWT (JSON Web
Tokens) will be implemented to ensure secure access to the system, differentiating between regular
users and admin roles. This will allow the system to restrict certain functionalities, like managing
inventory, only to authorized administrators. Additionally, the application aims to provide a
responsive user interface that works across devices, ensuring an optimal experience on both
desktops and mobile phones.

Developing this project will offer several learning opportunities. It involves working with RESTful
APIs, state management in React, handling asynchronous operations in Node.js, and interacting
with databases. Furthermore, by adopting best practices in software development, such as version
control with Git and testing with Postman, developers will gain hands-on experience in building
scalable and maintainable web applications.

In summary, the Online Bookstore Management System seeks to provide an end-to-end solution
for managing book sales online. With features like secure user authentication, efficient book
management, and an easy-to-use interface, this project addresses both the user’s and the admin’s
needs. It not only enhances the reading experience for book lovers but also simplifies the
management of book inventories for sellers. The project offers a comprehensive learning
experience in full-stack development, combining modern frontend and backend technologies with
database management and security principles.

1.1 Problem Statement

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In the traditional model, purchasing and managing books is often time-consuming and limited by
geographical constraints. Physical bookstores require customers to visit in person, which can be
inconvenient, especially for those with busy schedules or limited access to bookstores.
Additionally, physical stores may have a restricted selection of books due to space constraints,
making it difficult for readers to find specific titles or explore niche genres. Sellers, too, face
challenges in managing their inventory, tracking sales, and engaging with customers effectively.

The absence of an online platform limits the ability to provide personalized recommendations,

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quick search functionality, and seamless order management. Furthermore, without an efficient
management system, tasks like updating stock, processing orders, and monitoring sales reports
become labor-intensive for administrators. Users also lack features like account history, easy book
browsing, and cart management that improve the shopping experience.

Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive online bookstore platform that offers:

1. Convenient book browsing with search and filter options.

2. User authentication to enable personalized services like wish lists and order history.
3. Admin tools to efficiently manage books, inventory, and users.
4. Order management with secure checkout and payment integration (optional).

This project addresses these challenges by developing an Online Bookstore Management System,
providing a digital solution for both customers and administrators to streamline book purchasing
and inventory management processes.

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Chapter 2

Background/ Literature Survey

Related Technologies in E-commerce Systems

Several technologies and frameworks are commonly employed in building modern e-

commerce applications. In the context of this project, the following technologies play a
crucial role:
1. Frontend Development:
React.js is widely recognized as one of the most popular JavaScript libraries for building
user interfaces. Its component-based architecture allows developers to create modular and
reusable UI elements, resulting in faster development and maintenance. Additionally,
React Router provides seamless navigation between pages, ensuring a smooth user
experience.
2. Backend Development:
Node.js is known for its scalability and event-driven nature, making it suitable for
handling multiple concurrent requests. Combined with Express.js, it allows developers to
build robust and efficient RESTful APIs to manage communication between the frontend
and backend.
3. Database Management:
E-commerce applications require reliable data storage systems to manage information
about books, users, orders, and payments. MongoDB, a NoSQL database, is preferred for
its flexibility in storing unstructured data and ability to scale horizontally. Alternatively,
MySQL is used for its strong support for relational data structures and complex queries.
4. Authentication and Authorization:
JWT (JSON Web Tokens) is commonly used for secure authentication. By embedding
user information in a token, it facilitates session management without the need for server-
side storage. JWT also helps implement role-based access control, ensuring that only
authorized users (e.g., admins) can perform sensitive operations like adding or deleting
books.
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5. Security Considerations:
Online bookstores must adhere to security best practices to protect user data and prevent
breaches. This includes using HTTPS for encrypted communication, input validation to
prevent SQL injection, and password hashing to secure user credentials.

Academic and Industry Research on E-commerce Platforms

A review of academic literature reveals several studies that focus on the key elements of
e-commerce systems:

1. User Interface Design:

Research emphasizes the importance of a user-friendly and responsive interface to
enhance user satisfaction and engagement. Studies show that responsive design—one that
adapts to different devices like desktops, tablets, and smartphones—plays a significant
role in reducing bounce rates and improving conversion rates.
2. Personalization and Recommendations:
According to research, personalized shopping experiences, such as book
recommendations based on previous purchases or browsing history, improve customer
engagement. Recommendation algorithms such as collaborative filtering and content-
based filtering are commonly used to suggest relevant products.
3. Inventory Management Systems:
Efficient inventory management is critical for online stores to avoid stockouts or
overstocking. Studies highlight the importance of real-time inventory tracking and
automated alerts for low stock levels. This ensures better customer satisfaction by
minimizing delays in order fulfillment.
4. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):
Research on access control mechanisms demonstrates the effectiveness of RBAC in
securing e-commerce platforms. This project adopts RBAC principles by restricting
sensitive functionalities, such as managing books and users, to administrators only,
ensuring data integrity and system security.
5. Security and Payment Gateways:

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Industry studies emphasize the need for secure payment systems in e-commerce
applications. While this project’s initial scope may not include payment gateway
integration, future enhancements could leverage APIs from providers like Razorpay,
PayPal, or Stripe to enable secure transactions.

Research Gaps and Project Focus

While several bookstore management systems exist, there are gaps in seamless
integration, scalability, and personalization features in many academic and open-source
projects. This project aims to fill those gaps by developing a full-stack bookstore system
with a focus on:

1. User Experience:
Creating a responsive and interactive interface using React.js.
Implementing smooth navigation with React Router.

2. Backend Efficiency:
Developing a scalable backend using Node.js and Express.js.
Ensuring efficient data handling and retrieval using MongoDB/MySQL.

3. Security and Role Management:

Implementing JWT-based authentication for secure access.
Adopting role-based access control to restrict admin functionalities.

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 Chapter 3

Objectives

The primary objective of the Online Bookstore Management System is to design and develop a
full-stack web application that provides users with a seamless platform for browsing, purchasing,
and managing books. The system will also include an administrative interface for effective
inventory management. Below are the specific objectives:

1. User Experience and Functionality:

Develop a user-friendly interface for browsing books by title, author, genre, or category.
Provide a search bar and filtering options to quickly find specific books.
Enable users to register, log in, and manage their accounts (view order history, wishlist, etc.).
Implement a shopping cart system to allow users to add, update, and remove books from the cart.
Enable secure checkout functionality for placing orders.

2. Admin Panel and Inventory Management:

Provide an admin dashboard for managing books, users, and orders.
Implement CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) for adding, updating, or removing
books.
Monitor inventory levels and ensure timely updates for stock availability.
Manage users and restrict access to sensitive admin functionalities with role-based access control.

3. Backend Development and API Integration:

Use Node.js and Express.js to create RESTful APIs for handling frontend and backend
communication.
Ensure efficient data handling by integrating a MongoDB or MySQL database to store information
about books, users, and orders.
Implement state management on the frontend (using React) for consistent UI updates.

4. Authentication and Security:

Implement JWT-based authentication to provide secure login and session management.

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Ensure role-based access to restrict sensitive features (e.g., book management only accessible to
admins).
Protect user data with encryption techniques and adhere to security best practices for web
applications.

5. Scalability and Performance Optimization:

Develop a responsive design using React to ensure the application is accessible on desktops,
tablets, and mobile devices.
Optimize the backend for fast API responses and efficient data retrieval.
Ensure the system can scale easily to accommodate a growing number of users and books.

6. Testing and Deployment:

Use Postman for API testing and Git for version control during development.
Conduct thorough testing to identify and fix bugs in both frontend and backend components.
Deploy the application on cloud platforms (such as Heroku or Vercel) for real-world accessibility.

7. Future Expansion (Optional):

Integrate a payment gateway to enable online transactions.
Implement recommendation algorithms to suggest books based on user preferences.
Introduce progressive web app (PWA) features for better offline accessibility and performance.

These objectives collectively aim to build a complete, scalable, and secure bookstore platform,
ensuring an enhanced experience for both users and administrators.

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 Chapter 4

Hardware and Software Requirements

4.1 Hardware Requirements:

1. Development Machine (for local development):

Processor: Intel Core i5 or higher / AMD Ryzen 5 or higher

RAM: 4 GB or higher (8 GB recommended for smooth multitasking)
Storage: 250 GB SSD or higher (for fast read/write operations)
Internet Connection: High-speed internet (for accessing libraries, APIs, and version control)
Monitor: 1080p resolution or higher (for optimal UI design)

2. Server/Hosting Requirements (if deploying on a dedicated server or cloud):

CPU: 2 vCPUs or higher

RAM: 2 GB or higher
Storage: 20 GB SSD or higher
Bandwidth: Sufficient bandwidth to handle concurrent users and data traffic.

4.2 Software Requirements:

The project involves multiple technologies across the frontend, backend, database, and version
control. Below are the essential software tools and frameworks:

1. Operating System:

Windows 10/11
macOS or Linux (Ubuntu or similar)
Cross-platform compatibility using Docker (Optional)

2. Frontend Technologies:

React.js: For building the user interface

React Router: For navigation and routing between pages
HTML5 / CSS3: For basic web structure and styling
JavaScript: For frontend logic and interactivity
Axios / Fetch API: For making API requests to the backend

3. Backend Technologies:
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Node.js: To create the server and manage API requests
Express.js: A web framework for building RESTful APIs
JWT (JSON Web Token): For secure user authentication

4. Database Technologies:

MongoDB (NoSQL): For storing books, users, and orders (recommended for scalability)
MySQL (Relational Database): As an alternative option if structured relational data is preferred

5. Development Tools:

Visual Studio Code (VSCode): Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for coding
Postman: For testing APIs and ensuring proper backend communication
Git: Version control to track code changes
GitHub / GitLab: For repository management and collaboration

6. Security Tools:

Bcrypt: For hashing user passwords

Helmet.js: For securing HTTP headers
HTTPS (SSL Certificate): For secure data transmission

7. Testing and Debugging Tools:

Jest / Mocha: For writing and running unit tests (frontend and backend)

Chrome DevTools: For frontend debugging

Postman: For backend API testing.

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Chapter 5
Possible Approach/ Algorithms

1. User Interaction Layer (Frontend):

React.js is used to create an interactive, user-friendly interface. Users can browse books,
search by categories, and view detailed descriptions.
React Router helps manage routing between pages such as Home, Book Details, Cart,
Checkout, Login, and Admin Dashboard.
Axios/Fetch API is used to send API requests to the backend for retrieving and sending
data.

2. Backend (API Layer):

Node.js with Express.js is used to handle API requests from the frontend. The backend
processes these requests, retrieves data from the database, and sends appropriate
responses.
The backend also manages user authentication using JWT tokens to ensure secure
access.

3. Database Management Layer:

MongoDB or MySQL stores data related to books, users, orders, and inventory. The
backend interacts with the database using Mongoose (for MongoDB) or Sequelize (for
MySQL) to perform CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete).
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The admin dashboard allows administrators to add, edit, or delete books, and monitor
stock levels in real-time.

4. Authentication and Authorization:

Users are required to log in using valid credentials. JWT tokens are generated upon
successful login, allowing secure session management.
Role-based access control ensures that only administrators have access to book
management and user control functionalities.

5. Cart and Order Management:

Users can add books to their cart, which is managed on the client side using state
management (like React’s useState or Redux).
When users proceed to checkout, the backend verifies the order and updates the database
to reflect inventory changes.

6. Deployment and Scalability:

The frontend and backend can be deployed on Vercel, Netlify, or Heroku.

MongoDB Atlas or cloud MySQL services ensure that the system is scalable and can
handle increasing data and user traffic.

Algorithm / Workflow for Core Functionalities

1. User Authentication Algorithm (JWT Authentication)

Input: User credentials (email, password)

Output: JWT token if authentication is successful
Steps:
1. User inputs email and password on the login page.
2. Frontend sends a POST request to the backend with the user credentials.
3. Backend verifies the credentials against the database.
4. If credentials are valid:
Generate a JWT token.
Send the token back to the frontend.
Store the token in localStorage or sessionStorage on the client side.
5. If credentials are invalid:

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 Send an error message to the frontend.
6. On every request to a protected route, the frontend sends the JWT token in the headers
for verification.
7. Backend verifies the token and allows or denies access based on its validity.

2. Book Search and Filtering Algorithm

Input: Search query (e.g., book title or author) and filters (e.g., genre, price range)
Output: List of books matching the query and filters
Steps:
1. User enters a search query or selects filter options on the frontend.
2. Frontend sends a GET request to the backend with the search query and filters.
3. Backend receives the query and performs a database search (using MongoDB’s $regex
or MySQL’s LIKE operator).
4. Filter results by genre, price range, or author if applicable.
5. Send the filtered list of books to the frontend.
6. Display the results on the frontend in a user-friendly format.

3. Add to Cart and Checkout Algorithm

Input: Book ID and quantity

Output: Order confirmation
Steps:
1. User selects a book and adds it to the cart.
2. Frontend updates the cart state (either locally or via Redux).
3. On checkout, the frontend sends a POST request to the backend with the cart details.
4. Backend validates the request and verifies the availability of books in the database.
5. If all books are available:
Create an order entry in the database.
Reduce the stock quantity of the ordered books.
Send an order confirmation to the frontend.
6. If any book is out of stock:
Send an out-of-stock message to the frontend.

4. Book Management Algorithm (Admin Panel)

Input: Book details (title, author, price, genre, stock, etc.)

Output: Book added, updated, or deleted in the database
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Steps:
1. Admin logs in and navigates to the book management page.
2. For adding a new book:
Admin inputs the book details.
Frontend sends a POST request to the backend.
Backend adds the book to the database and sends a success response.
3. For updating a book:
Admin selects a book and edits the details.
Frontend sends a PUT request to the backend.
Backend updates the book entry in the database.
4. For deleting a book:
Admin selects the book to delete.
Frontend sends a DELETE request to the backend.
Backend removes the book from the database.

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 References

1. Books and Articles:

Freeman, E., & Robson, E. (2020). Head First JavaScript Programming: A Brain-Friendly
Guide. O'Reilly Media.
Banks, A., & Porcello, E. (2017). Learning React: Modern Patterns for Developing React Apps.
O'Reilly Media.

2. Websites and Documentation:

React.js Official Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://reactjs.org/docs
Node.js Official Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://nodejs.org/en/docs
Express.js Official Guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://expressjs.com
MongoDB Documentation. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mongodb.com/docs

3. Research Papers and Journals:

Smith, A., & Gupta, R. (2021). A Study on NoSQL Databases and Their Applications in E-
commerce Platforms. International Journal of Computer Applications, 183(9), 35-42.
Kumar, P., & Sharma, D. (2020). JWT-based Authentication for Securing Web Applications.
Journal of Software Engineering, 12(2), 45-58.

4. Tutorials and Blogs:

Brad Traversy. (2023). Building a Full-Stack MERN Application – Step-by-Step Guide.
Retrieved from https://www.traversymedia.com
Dev.to Community. (n.d.). Implementing Authentication with JWT in Node.js and React.
Retrieved from https://dev.to

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