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Computer Memory

Computer Memory

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Ahmed bhutto
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91 views

Computer Memory

Computer Memory

Uploaded by

Ahmed bhutto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Memory

INTRODUCTION

 A memory is just like a human brain in human.


 It is used to store data and instructions.
 Computer memory is the storage space in computer where data is to
be processed and instructions required for processing are stored.
 The memory is divided into large number of small parts called cells.
 Each location or cell has a unique address which varies from zero to
memory size minus one.
Memory is can be divided into three types
 Cache Memory
 Primary Memory/Main Memory
 Secondary Memory
CACHE MEMORY

 Cache Memory Cache memory is a very high speed semiconductor


memory which can speed up CPU.
 It acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory.
 It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most
frequently used by CPU.
 The parts of data and programs are transferred from disk to cache
memory by operating system, from where CPU can access them.
ADVANTAGES OF CACHE MEMORY

 Cache memory is faster than main memory.


 It consumes less access time as compared to main memory.
 It stores the program that can be executed within a short period of
time.
 It stores data for temporary use.
DISADVANTAGES OF CACHE MEMORY

 Cache memory has limited capacity.


 It is very expensive.
PRIMARY MEMORY

Primary memory holds the memory when working in the computer.

There are two types of memory;


1. RAM -RANDOM ACESS MEMORY
2. ROM -READ ONLY MEMORY
CHARACTERISTIC OF PRIMARY
MEMORY
ü These are semiconductor memories
ü It is known as main memory.
ü Data is lost in case power is switched off.
ü It is working memory of the computer.
ü Faster than secondary memories.
ü A computer cannot run without primary memory.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

§ Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of


computer memory.
§ RAM is considered as volatile memory.
§ RAM is made up of small memory chips
§ RAM has two operation
 Read operation – Transfer stored info to out of
memory.
 Write operation – Store new info

TYPES OF RAM

●
SRAM(STATIC RAM) ●
DRAM(DYNAMIC RAM)
●
Requires less memory ●
Require more memory
●
Access time is low ●
Access time is high
●
Do not refresh ●
Need to be refresh
●
More power consumption ●
Less power consumption
READ ONLY MEMORY
 ROM used to hold a program that executes automatically by the computer every
time it is turned on or reset
 ROM chips contain permanently stored information.
 It is NONVOLATILE.
 ROM is where the basic instructions the computer needs for operation is stored.

Ex-:
 moving data in and out of RAM for processing,
 storing data permanently on magnetic media
 displaying information on a screen

 interpreting commands typed on a keyboard .


TYPES OF ROM
 Programmable ROM (PROM).
 This is basically a blank ROM chip that can be written to, but only once.
 It is much like a CD-R drive that burns the data into the CD .
 Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM).
 This is just like PROM
 Except that you can erase the ROM by shining a special ultra-violet light into a
sensor
 Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM).
 Also called flash BIOS.
 This ROM can be rewritten through the use of a special software program .
SECONDARY MEMORY
 Used in computer system to overcome the limitation of primary storage.
 Has an operating speed far slower than that of the primary storage.
 Used to stored large volumes of data on a permanent basics.
 This is known as auxiliary memory.
 Has virtual unlimited capacity because cost per bit of storage is very low.
CHARACTERISTIC OF SECONDARY
MEMORY
 These are magnetic and optical memories
 It is known as backup memory.
 It is non-volatile memory.
 Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off.
 It is used for storage of data in a computer.
 Computer may run without secondary memory.
 Slower than primary memories
TYPES OF SECONDARY MEMORY
Thank you

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