Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    Magma and Volcanoes

    Uploaded by

    nashtrisha926

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Magma and Volcanoes

    Uploaded by

    nashtrisha926
    1 views42 pages

    Original Title

    magma-and-volcanoes

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views42 pages

    Magma and Volcanoes

    Uploaded by

    nashtrisha926

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 42

    earth science

    LEARNING COMPETENCIES
    • explain why the Earth’s interior is hot
    • describe how magma is formed and what happens
    after
    • describe how rocks behave under different types
    of stress such as compression, pulling apart and
    shearing
    • describe the changes in mineral components and
    texture of rocks dues to changes in pressure and
    temperature
    The endogenic
    processes
    Why is the
    earth’s
    interior hot?
    01
    Formation of MAGMA
    MAGMA

    • Magma is extremely hot


    liquid and semi-liquid rock
    located under Earth’s
    surface. When magma flows
    onto Earth’s surface, it is
    called lava.
    FORMATION
    OF MAGMA
    • Magmas are formed
    under certain
    circumstances in
    special locations deep
    in the crust or in the
    upper mantle.

    • They are formed when


    conditions are right to
    cause preexisting solid
    rocks to melt
    Ways on how magmas
    are formed
    DECOMPRESSION MELTING

    melting can occur when the temperature stays


    the same but the pressure decreases
    flux MELTING

    When volatiles or gaseous substances are added


    into the hot solid rocks.
    Heat transfer MELTING

    Melting of surrounding rocks


    caused by very hot magma that
    brings in additional heat.
    Eutectic
    temperature
    Melting over a range of
    temperature.
    Partial
    melting
    When a rocks begins to melt,
    only certain minerals are
    melted
    - Occurs when magma
    cools and minerals
    grain start to form.

    CrYstallization
    of magma
    The sequence of the type
    of mineral formed
    bowen’s reaction series
    • an early 20th Century
    geologist who studied
    igneous rocks.

    NormaN L. Bowen
    02 VOLCANO
    How are Volcanoes formed?
    Are visible
    manifestations
    of the process
    of rock
    formation.

    VOLCANO
    Where are volcanoes located?
    Classification of volcanoes
    dormant active

    ● have not erupted ● have a recent


    for a very long history of
    time but may erupt eruptions; they are
    at a future time. likely to erupt
    again.
    Types of volcanoes
    volcanoes according to shape

    Strato Shield Cinder cone


    volcanoes volcanoes volcanoes
    Are composed of Forms a very broad Consists of a small
    alternating layers of dome with a gentle cone formed by
    lava and pyroclastic slope that covers a spattering of lava
    materials very wide area
    stratovolcano

    Composite volcanoes are made of felsic to intermediate rock. The viscosity of the
    lava means that eruptions at these volcanoes are often explosive
    Shield volcanoes

    Shield volcanoes get their name from their shape. Although shield volcanoes are
    not steep, they may be very large. Shield volcanoes are common at spreading
    centers or intraplate hot spots
    cone volcanoes

    Cinder cones are the most common type of volcano. A cinder cone has a cone shape, but is much
    smaller than a composite volcano. Cinder cones rarely reach 300 meters in height but they have
    steep sides. Cinder cones grow rapidly, usually from a single eruption cycle. (right picture)
    ERUPTION

    The event
    when the lava
    is spewed out
    of the volcano
    Two types of eruption
    Explosive eruption

    Ejects ash and larger fragments of broken up pyroclastic


    materials, forming ash clouds that eventually collapse and
    cover the slopes of the volcano
    Effusive eruption

    Is dominated by the flow of lava and formation of


    fountains and lakes
    Benefits of volcanic eruption
    • Valuable mineral deposits like gold, aluminum,
    and nickel.
    • Nutrient
    • Geothermal energy
    • Lava flows that create land
    Activity no. 2

    In a short bond paper, Illustrate the


    anatomy of a volcano and include
    how magma are formed. After
    which, you’re going to explain
    what happen after the formation
    of magma.

    You might also like