2024/4/10

2024/10/4
Engineering Mechanics
1st stage
ENM203

Title : < Frame Analysis >

❖ Lecturer:
-Dr. Kamaran S. Ismail
><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><

❖ Group Members:
-Ghada Edris
-Fenk Hisham
-Taban Blnd
-Ibrahim Azad
-Muhammad Farman
-Abdulrashid Nawzad
-Bilal Mahdi
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- Table Of Contact:

1. Introduction: .………………………………………….(p3).
2. Free Body Diagram For Frame: ………………………(p3).
3. Frame Analysis: …………..…………………………..(p4).
- a . The uniform loads.
- b. The reactions (for all the frame).
- c. The reactions in the pins for each member.

- Problem number (1)……………………………………..(p7).

_________________________________________________
4. Smooth Pulley: ………………………………………...(p8).
- Problem number (2)……………………………………..(p8).
__________________________________________________
5.Discusion: ………………………………………………(p9).
6.Report Scope: …………………………………………..(p9).
7.Reference: …………………………………………….(p10).

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➢ Introduction:
The main objective of this topic is to determine the forces and loads
that affect frames and analyze how they are distributed and their
effect on frame members.
Engineers can estimate frame loads, and design members
appropriately to withstand the applied loads and forces. Frame
analysis is also used to estimate the health of the frame and identify
necessary repairs for improvement.

➢ Free Body Diagram For Frame:

Frame consist of members connected to each other by joints called
pin connections. These joints allow rotation only, they don’t allow
horizontal or vertical movement. This means that the reactions will
be in a horizontal and vertical direction.
To determine the forces affecting the frame members, the frame must
be dismantled and each part isolated by drawing each member alone,
and the dimensions must be determined to calculate the moment (if
there any).

-We must know that when members are segmentation, the

reactions in two members from the same pin location are
opposite each other.

Fig. 6-21 (HIBBELER, n.d.)

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➢ Frame Analysis:
-Before analyze the frame, we must know the amount of the
uniform forces and the reactions (the reactions that affecting all the
frame, not on single member) first, because they affect all the frame.
Then we can segmentation the frame to find the reactions affecting
each member.

-We must know that there are forces within members. It may be
tension or compression, but it is neglected because the resultant of
these forces is zero.

-To analyze the frame, we have to calculate :

a. The uniform load: A uniform load is a force distributed over a distance,
it must be change into concentrated load by calculating the area of the load,
where the load distance is the length and the load force is the width (if
there any uniform load).

*concentrated load = area

=wxL=4x2=8

Fig. 6-29 (HIBBELER, n.d.)

- Since the shape of the load is regular, the affected place will be in the
middle.

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- As we see in this figure, since the shape

here is an irregular triangle, the place of
affect is one-third of the distance from the
widest side.

- We see in this figure that the shape here is

complex and irregular, and this problem can
be solved by cutting the load into shapes
whose area can be easily calculated.
-There will be two concentrated forces
at the location of the uniform load, but
this will not change the final results
when calculating.
Fig. 5/20 (KRAIGE, n.d.)

b. The reactions: To find the reactions that affect all the frame, the
equilibrium equations must be applied for all the frame, if we have four
unknowns in the question we must separate the frame members directly
directly (without applying the equilibrium equations to all the frame), it will
be unhelpful because some of the equilibrium equations will contain more
than one unknown, so the solution will not be possible.
-Note that some questions contain four unknowns that can be solved
by applying the equilibrium equations to each frame and then
separating solved by drawing the FBD for frame.

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c. The reactions in the pins for each member: After cutting the frame, we
apply equilibrium equations to find the reactions affecting the member and
the unknown forces like tensile (if there any unknown force).

-We must know that the reactions we put, we assume their direction.
after applying the equilibrium equations, If their value is negative, it
means that the direction we assumed it is wrong, so we must reverse
the direction of the reaction (This includes the second step).

Fig. 6-28 (HIBBELER, n.d.)

-If there is a force applied to a pin and we want to separate the

members at this pin, the applied force is applied to one of the
members (not all of them).

→
Fig. 4.6 (KIUSALAAS, n.d.)

Fig. 4.4 (KIUSALAAS, n.d.)

or ↓
Type equation here.

Fig. 4.7 (KIUSALAAS, n.d.)

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problem (1)/ determine the reaction at the supports A, E, and B the compound
beam.

Solving:
Free body diagram: the solution will be very much
simplified it one realizes that member CD is a two force
Fig. 6-73 (HIBBELER, n.d.)
member.
Equation of equilibrium: consider the equilibrium of member BD.

Step (1): find FCD and take moment in pin R to find NE.

-∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 → FCD = 0
1
-∑ 𝑀𝑅 = 0 → (900)(6)(4) − 𝑁𝐸 (3) = 0 → NE = 3600N
2
(FBD. For member DEB)

Step (2): take moment in pin E to find NB.

1
-∑ 𝑀𝐸 = 0 → (900)(6)(4) − 𝑁𝐵 (3) = 0 → NB = 900N
2
(FBD. For member CD)

step (3): find Ax and Ay

-∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 → Ax = 0
1
-∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 → 𝐴𝑦 − (900)(6)(4) = 0 → Ay = 2700N
2

Step (4): the fixed have moment reaction ,we should find it be take (FBD. For member AC)
moment in pin A.
1
-∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 → 𝑀𝐴 − (900)(6)(4) = 0 → MA = 8100N.m
2

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➢ Static pulley:
its function is to reverse the direction of force. If it is present in the
question, the tension force in the rope must be found by applying the
equilibrium equations to the pulley alone (we isolate the pulley like
members) and then put the tension force in the place it affects.

problem (2)/ The wall crane supports a load of

700 lb. Determine the horizontal and vertical
components of reaction at the pins A and D. Also,
what is the force in the cable at the winch W?
Solving:
Free body diagram: The question cannot be solved by
drawing an FBD for all the frame because we have more
than three unknowns, so we must separate the members of
the frame directly.
Fig. 6-74 (HIBBELER, n.d.)
Step (1): find the tensile force in the rope in
the pulley E.
-∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
2T - 700 = 0 → T = 350 lb

Step (2): in member AC , Applying equilibrium equations

to determine the reactions in pin A and the tensile force.
-∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 → TBD sin 45°(4)-350 sin 60°(4)+700(8)=0
TBD = 2409 lb
-∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 → -Ay + 2409 sin 45° - 350 sin 60° - 700 = 0
Ay = 700 lb (FBD. For member ABC)
-∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 → -Ax - 2409 cos 45° - 350 cos 60° + 350 - 350 = 0
Ax = 1880

Step (3): find the reaction in pun D.

Dx = 2409 cos 45° = 1703.1 lb
Dy = 2409 sin 45° = 1700 Ib
(FBD. For pin D)

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➢ Report scope:
- In this report, we explain how to calculate forces in frame because
analyzing the frame and finding the forces in the joints is an
important engineering field for understanding the frames and how
forces are distributed in them
- We clarify the explanation further by solving problems related to
the topic

➢ Discussion:
- Frame analysis is a crucial aspect of engineering mechanics,
especially in structural engineering. It involves studying the
behavior of frames, which are structural systems composed of
members connected to form a rigid framework. By analyzing
frames, engineers can determine their stability, strength, and load-
bearing capacity. Engineers use mathematical equations and
computational tools to conduct frame analysis, ensuring that
structures can withstand the loads they will encounter during their
lifespan. Understanding frame analysis is essential for structures,
whether it's a simple building frame or a complex structure, in order
to design strong, safe, and efficient frames that can bear the loads
applied to them without failing to ensure safety.

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➢ Reference:

- HIBBELER, n.d. ENGINEERING MECHANIC STATICS. FOURTEENTH EDITION ed.

MUNICH PARIS AMSTERDAM: s.n.

- KIUSALAAS, A. P. A. J., n.d. ENGINEERING MECHANIC STATICS. THIRD EDITION

ed. USA: s.n.

- KRAIGE, M. A., n.d. ENGINERING MECHANIC STATICS FIFTH EDITION. Iraqi: s.n.

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