MATHEMATICS LEARNING KIT

Introducing our Mathematics Learning Kit, meticulously crafted to support individuals with challenges in
numeracy proficiency. This comprehensive solution offers structured resources, including interactive
exercises and visual aids, tailored to foster understanding and confidence in mathematical concepts.
Whether addressing basic arithmetic or advanced topics, our kit provides a user-friendly approach,
catering to diverse learning styles. Ideal for students and the educators, it aims to simplify math,
enhancing problem-solving abilities and promoting a deeper appreciation for the subject.

This kit has four components. The first component is the “sparking ideas” where it covers essential
concepts about a particular lesson in mathematics. Second component is the “more examples” where it
provides plenty of examples about a particular lesson to ensure better understanding of the lesson. The
third component is ‘test yourself” where it gives math problems to be solved by the students and can
help to boost students’ confidence in solving a variety of math equations. The last component is the “Get
active” where students solve mathematical problems involving real-life problems or situations in order
for them to develop deeper appreciation to mathematics.
Lesson 1: Fundamental Operations of Mathematics

Objectives:
At the end of this lesson you must be able to:
• Differentiate the four fundamental operations of mathematics such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division.
• Practice how to perform the four fundamental operations of mathematics

SPARKING IDEAS

The four basic arithmetic operations in Math, for all real numbers, are:
1.) Addition (Finding the Sum; +)
2.) Subtraction (Finding the difference; -)
3.) Multiplication (Finding the product; × )
4.) Division (Finding the quotient; ÷)

Addition
- Addition is the process of adding two or more items together. Addition in Maths is the method of
calculating the sum of two or more numbers. The addition symbol consists of one horizontal line and one
vertical line. It is also known as the addition sign or the plus sign (+)
- An addition statement can be split into the following parts.
Addend: The numbers that are added are known as the addends.
Addition Symbol: There is the addition symbol (+) which is placed in between the addends. If the
statement is written horizontally as shown below, then we place an equal to sign (=) just before the sum
is written.
Sum: The final result obtained after adding the addends is known as the sum.
- Addition formula: Addend + addend = sum.

- How to solve addition? While solving addition sums, one-digit numbers can be added in a simple way,
but for larger numbers, we split the numbers into columns using their respective place values, like ones,
tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on.
- Example: Add 3475 and 2865.
Solution: Let us follow the given steps and try to relate them with the following figure.
Step 1: Start with the digits in ones place. (5 + 5 = 10). Here the sum is 10. The tens digit of the sum, that
is, 1, will be carried to the preceding column.
Step 2: Add the digits in the tens column along with the carryover 1. This means, 1 (carry-over) + 7 + 6 =
14. Here the sum is 14. The tens digit of the sum, that is, 1, will be carried to the hundreds column.
Step 3: Now, add the digits in the hundreds place along with the carryover digit 1. This means, 1 (carry-
over) + 4 + 8 = 13. Here the sum is 13. The tens digit of the sum, that is, 1, will be carried to the
thousands column.
Step 4: Now, add the digits in the thousands place along with the carryover digit 1, that is, 1 (carry-over)
+3+2=6
Step 5: Therefore, the sum of 3475 + 2865 = 6340

- While performing addition we commonly use the properties listed below:

Commutative Property: According to this property, the sum of two or more addends remains the same
irrespective of the order of the addends. For example, 8 + 7 = 7 + 8 = 15
Associative Property: According to this property, the sum of three or more addends remains the same
irrespective of the grouping of the addends. For example, 5 + (7 + 3) = (5 + 7) + 3 = 15
Additive Identity Property: According to this property of addition, if we add 0 to any number, the
resultant sum is always the actual number. For example, 0 + 7 = 7.

Subtraction
- Subtraction is the process of taking away a number from another. It is a primary arithmetic operation
that is denoted by a subtraction symbol (-) and is the method of calculating the difference between two
numbers.
- When we subtract two numbers, we use some terms which are used in the subtraction expression:
Minuend: The number from which the other number is subtracted.
Subtrahend: The number which is to be subtracted from the minuend.
Difference: The final result after subtracting the subtrahend from the minuend.
- Subtraction formula: Minuend – Subtrahend = Difference

- How to solve subtraction? While solving subtraction problems, one-digit numbers can be subtracted in
a simple way, but for larger numbers, we split the numbers into columns using their respective place
values, like Ones, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands, and so on. While solving such problems we may encounter
some cases with borrowing and some without borrowing. Subtraction with borrowing is also known as
subtraction with regrouping. When the minuend is smaller than the subtrahend, we use the regrouping
method. While regrouping, we borrow 1 number from the preceding column to make the minuend
bigger than the subtrahend.
- Example: Subtract 3678 from 8162.
Solution: Follow the given steps and try to relate them with the following figure.
We need to solve: 8162 – 3678
Step 1: Start subtracting the digits at ones place. We can see that 8 is greater than 2. So, we will borrow
1 from the tens column which will make it 12. Now, 12 – 8 = 4 ones.
Step 2: After giving 1 to the ones column in the previous step, 6 becomes 5. Now, let us subtract the
digits at the tens place (5 – 7). Here, 7 is greater than 5, so we will borrow 1 from the hundreds column.
This will make it 15. So,15 – 7 = 8 tens.
Step 3: In step 2 we had given 1 to the tens column, so we are left with 0 at the hundreds place. To
subtract the digits on the hundreds place, i.e., (0 – 6) we will borrow 1 from the thousands column. This
will make it 10. So, 10 – 6 = 4 hundreds.
Step 4: Now, let us subtract the digits at the thousands place. After giving 1 to the hundreds column, we
have 7. So, 7 – 3 = 4
Step 5: Therefore, the difference between the two given numbers is: 8162 – 3678 = 4484

Multiplication
- In math, multiplication is the method of finding the product of two or more numbers. It is an operation
that represents the basic idea of repeated addition of the same number. The numbers that are
multiplied are called the factors and the result that is obtained after the multiplication of two or more
numbers is known as the product of those numbers. Multiplication is used to simplify the task of
repeated addition of the same number.
- In mathematics, we have different symbols. Apart from the cross symbol (×), multiplication is also
denoted by the mid-line dot operator (⋅), and by the asterisk sign (*).
- The multiplication formula is expressed as, Multiplicand × Multiplier = Product; where:
Multiplicand: The first number (factor).
Multiplier: The second number (factor).
Product: The final result after multiplying the multiplicand and multiplier.
Multiplication symbol: ‘×’ (which connects the entire expression)
7(multiplicand) × 5 (multiplier) = 35 (product)
- How to solve multiplication? While solving multiplication problems, one-digit numbers can be
multiplied in a simple way by using the multiplication tables, but for larger numbers, we split the
numbers into columns using their respective place values, like ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, and so
on.
- Example: Multiply 2468 with 8
Solution: Let us multiply 2468 × 8 using the steps given below and try to relate them with the figure
given after the steps.
Step 1: Start with the digit in ones place, that is, 8 × 8 = 64 ones which means 6 tens 4 ones. Now, carry 6
tens to the tens column.
Step 2: Multiply 8 with the digit in the tens place, that is, 8 × 6 = 48 tens. Now, we will add this to the
carry-over. This means, 48 + 6 (carry-over from step 1) = 54. Carry 5 to the hundreds column.
Step 3: Multiply 8 with the digit in the hundreds place, that is, 8 × 4 = 32 hundreds. Now, let us add this
to the carry-over from the previous step. This means, 32 + 5 (carry-over from step 2) = 37. We will again
carry 3 to thousands column.
Step 4: Multiply 8 with the digit in the thousands place, that is, 8 × 2 = 16 thousands. So, let us again add
this to the carry-over, that is, 16 + 3 (carry-over from step 3) = 19
Step 5: Therefore, the product of 2468 × 8 = 19744.

Division
- The division is one of the four basic mathematical operations, the other three being addition,
subtraction, and multiplication. In simple words, division can be defined as the splitting of a large group
into smaller groups such that every group will have an equal number of items. It is an operation used for
equal grouping and equal sharing in math.
- The division is the process of repetitive subtraction. It is the inverse of the multiplication operation. It is
defined as the act of forming equal groups. While dividing numbers, we break down a larger number into
smaller numbers such that the multiplication of those smaller numbers will be equal to the larger
number taken.
- The division is denoted by a mathematical symbol that consists of a small horizontal line with a dot
each above and below the line. There are two basic division symbols that represent the division of two
numbers. They are (÷) and (/)
- Parts of division mean the name of the terms associated with the division process. There are four parts
of the division, which are dividend, divisor, quotient, and remainder.
Dividend: The number that is to be divided.
Divisor: The number of equal groups that are to be made, or the number by which we divide the
dividend
Quotient: The value/answer obtained after performing the division
Remainder: The remaining or left out value that is not a part of any group
- Let us take the example of 65 divided by 5 to understand it. Follow the steps below to learn how to do
division:
Step 1: Draw the division symbol ⟌ and write divisor (5) on its left side and dividend (65) enclosed under
this symbol.
Step 2: Take the first digit of the dividend from the left (6). Check if this digit is greater than or equal to
the divisor. [If the first digit of the dividend is less than the divisor, then we consider the first two digits of
the dividend]
Step 3: Then divide it by the divisor and write the answer on top as the quotient. Here, the quotient of 6
÷ 5 is 1.
Step 4: Subtract the product of the divisor and the digit written in the quotient (5 × 1) from the first digit
of the dividend and write the difference below. Here, the difference is 6 – 5 = 1.
Step 5: Bring down the next digit of the dividend (if present). The next digit in the dividend is 5.
Step 6: Repeat the same process until you get the remainder, less than the divisor.
- Division with remainders
It is not always mandatory to have 0 as the remainder. If the dividend is not a multiple of the divisor,
then we get a non-zero remainder. When we get a non-zero remainder while dividing a number by
another, it is known as a division with remainders. Let us take an example of distributing 9 balloons to 2
children equally such that both children will have an equal number of balloons with them. Is it possible
to do that without getting a leftover?
Dividing 9 by 2 will give us 4 as the quotient and 1 as the remainder. We can make 2 groups having 4
balloons in each but 1 balloon will be left. Look at the image below showing division with remainders (9
÷ 2).

- Properties of Division
Now let us look at some of the properties of division operation that will help you understand this
operation even better. Listed below are a few properties of division:
Division by 1: Any number divided by 1 results in the number itself. In other words, if divisor = 1, then
dividend = quotient.
Division by 0: The value of a number divided by 0 is not defined, i.e. n/0 = not defined, where n is any
number.
Division by itself: If we divide a number by itself, we will always get 1 as the answer. In other words, if
dividend = divisor, then quotient = 1.
Division of 0 by any number: 0 divided by any number always results in 0. Some examples are 0 ÷ 4 = 0, 0
÷ 9 = 0, 0 ÷ 5754 = 0, etc.
Division by 10: If we divide a number by 10, then the digit at the ones place will always be the remainder
and the remaining digits on the left will be the quotient. For example, 579 ÷ 10 = 57 R 9.
Division by 100: If we divide a number by 100, then the number formed from the ones place and the
tens place digits will always be the remainder and the remaining digits on the left will be the quotient.
For example, 8709 ÷ 100 = 87 R 9.
MORE EXAMPLES

Addition Subtraction

Multiplication

Division
TEST YOURSELF
Lesson 2: Integers

Objectives:
At the end of this lesson students are able to:
• Recall the basic fundamental operations in mathematics
• Practice how to solve problems involving integers

SPARKING IDEAS

ADDING INTEGERS

Adding integers is the process of finding the sum of two or more integers. It may
result in an increase or a decrease in value, depending on whether the integers are
positive or negative or a mixture. The addition of integers is an arithmetic operation
performed on integers with the same sign or with different signs to find the sum. Let
us learn more about adding integers in this article.
Rules for Addition of Integers
There are certain rules to be followed to add two or more integers. Integers are
complete numbers that do not have fractional parts. It includes positive integers,
zero, and negative integers.
How to Add Integers?

The rules for adding integers are given below:

 The sum of an integer and its additive inverse is 0. For example, 4 + (-4) = 0
 Adding two positive integers always results in a positive value. For example, 6 +
6 = 12
 Adding two negative integers always results in a negative number. For example,
(-6) + (-6) = -12
 Adding integers with 0 results in the same number. For example, 6 + 0 = 6, and
-8 + 0 = -8
 Adding a positive number with a negative number is done by finding the
difference between the absolute value of both numbers. Then, the sign with the
greater number gets attached to the sum. For example, +7 - 3 = +4
The rules for the addition of integers can be understood with the help of the table
given below.

Adding Integers with the Same Sign

When we add two integers with the same sign, we add their absolute values and
attach the common sign with the sum. For example, 2 + 3 = 5, (-2) + (-3) = - (2 +
3) = -5. The absolute value of a number is the positive value of the given number.
For instance, the absolute value of 6 is 6, the absolute value of -6 is 6, and so on.
Some examples of adding integers with the same sign are given below:

 (-1) + (-9) = - (1 + 9) = -10

 3 + 8 = 11
 (-2) + (-17) = - (2 + 17) = -19

Adding Integers with Different Signs

Adding two integers with different signs is done by subtracting the absolute values,
and then attaching the sign of the number with the greater absolute value. For
example, if we want to add -2 and 3, first we find the absolute values of both. The
absolute value of -2 is 2, and of 3 is 3. Now, find the difference between these
absolute values which is 3 - 2 = 1. Since 3 > 2, and 3 has a positive sign, the sign of
the resultant number will be positive. Therefore, - 2 + 3 = 1.
Addition of Integers Examples

Example 1: Add the following integers by using the rules of integers in addition.

4 + (-6) + 13

Solution: There are three integers given. So, first let us add both the positive
integers 4 and 13, which gives us 17. Now, we are left with the following expression
17 + (-6). Here, we have to apply the rule of addition of a negative and a positive
integer. We get, 17 + (-6) = 11. Therefore, 11 is the result of the given integers.

Example 2: Add the following integers: -2 and -9.

Solution: While adding integers with the same sign, we add their absolute values
and attach the common sign of the addends with the answer.

-2 + (-9) = - (2 + 9) = -11

Therefore, the sum of -2 and -9 is -11.

SUBTRACTING INTEGERS
Subtracting integers is the process of finding the difference between two integers. It
may result in an increase or a decrease in value, depending on whether the integers
are positive or negative or a mix. The subtraction of integers is an arithmetic
operation performed on integers with the same sign or with different signs to find
the difference. Let us learn more about subtracting integers in this article.
Subtracting Integers Rules

There are certain rules to be followed to subtract two integers. Integers are
complete numbers that do not have fractional parts. It includes positive integers,
zero, and negative integers. The rules for subtracting integers are given below:

 If we subtract 0 from any integer, the answer will be the integer itself.
 If we subtract any integer from 0, we will find the additive inverse or the
opposite of the integer.
 Subtraction of integers is done by changing the sign of the subtrahend. After this
step, if both numbers are of the same sign, then we add the absolute values and
attach the common sign. If both the numbers are of different signs, then we find
the difference of the absolute numbers and place the sign of the bigger number
in the result.

The table given below shows the subtracting integer rules with examples.

Subtracting Integers with the Same Sign

When we subtract two integers with the same sign, we subtract their absolute
values and place the common sign in the result. The absolute value of a number is
the positive value of the given number. For an instance, the absolute value of 6 is 6,
the absolute value of -6 is 6, etc. For subtraction of integers, we change the sign of
the subtrahend. For example, -2 -(-5), can be written as -2 + 5. Now, the absolute
value of 5 is 5, and of -2 is 2. By subtracting 2 from 5, we get 3. Since 5 > 2, the
sign of the answer will be the same as the sign of 5, which is positive. Therefore, -2
-(-5) = 3.

Here, it is important to note that every subtraction fact can be written as an

addition fact. For example, 4 - 7 is the same as 4 + (-7).

Some examples of subtracting integers with the same sign are given below:

 (-1) - (-6) = -1 + 6 = 5
 3 - 8 = -5
 24 - 17 = 7

Subtracting Integers with Different Signs

Subtracting two integers with different signs is done by changing the sign of the
integer that is subtracted. Then, we need to check if both the integers become
positive, the result will be positive and if both the integers are negative, then the
result will be negative. For example, if we want to subtract -9 from 5, that is 5 - (-9),
we will change the sign of 9 and then add the integers, which means it will be 5 + 9
= 14. Therefore, 5 - (-9) = 14.

This can also be understood with another method in which we add the absolute
values, and then attach the sign of the minuend with the result. For example, if we
want to subtract -9 from 5, first we find the absolute values of both. The absolute
value of -9 is 9, and of 5 is 5. Now, find the sum of these absolute values which is 9
+ 5 = 14. As 5 is the minuend here with a positive sign, so the answer sign will be
positive. Therefore, 5 - (-9) = 14.

Subtracting Integers Examples

Example 1: Subtract the given integers by using the rules for subtracting integers.

Subtract -56 from -90

Solution: This question is based on subtracting two integers with the same sign.
Here, if we write it in the form of an expression, we get -90 - (-56). This can be
written as -90 + 56. Let us find the difference between the absolute values. So, 90 -
56 is 34. Since 90 > 56, the answer sign will be the same as the sign of 90 which is
negative. Therefore, -90 - (-56) = -34.

Example 2: Subtract -7 from -12 using the rules of subtracting integers.

Solution: This question is based on subtracting integers with the same sign. Here,
we have to subtract two integers with the same sign, -12 and -7.
-12 - (-7) = -12 + 7

= -5

Therefore, the difference between -12 and -7 is -5.

Multiplication and Division of Integers

The multiplication and division of integers are two of the basic operations performed
on integers. Multiplication of integers is the same as the repetitive addition which
means adding an integer a specific number of times. For example, 4 × 3 means
adding 4 three times, i.e 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. Division of integers means equal grouping
or dividing an integer into a specific number of groups. For example, -6 ÷ 2 means
dividing -6 into 2 equal parts, which results in -3. Let us learn more about the
multiplication and division of integers in this article.
Multiplication of Integers

Multiplication of integers is the process of repetitive addition including positive

and negative numbers or we can simply say integers. When we come to the case
multiplication of integers, the following cases must be taken into account:

1. Multiplying 2 positive numbers

2. Multiplying 2 negative numbers
3. Multiplying 1 positive and 1 negative number

When you multiply integers with two positive signs, Positive x Positive =
Positive = 2 × 5 = 10.

When you multiply integers with two negative signs, Negative x Negative =
Positive = –2 × –3 = 6.
When you multiply integers with one negative sign and one positive sign, Negative
x Positive = Negative = –2 × 5 = –10.

The following table will help you remember rules for multiplying integers:

Types of Integers Result Example

Both Integers Positive Positive 2 × 5 = 10

Both Integers Negative Positive –2 × –3 = 6

1 Positive and 1 Negative Negative –2 × 5 = –10

Example: Anna eats 4 cookies per day. How many cookies does she eat in 5 days? ⇒
5 × 4 = 20 cookies.

Multiplication of Integers Rules and Steps

Multiplication of integers is very similar to normal multiplication. However, since

integers deal with both negative and positive numbers, we have certain rules or
conditions to remember while multiplying integers as we saw in the previous
section. Let us look at the steps for multiplying integers.

 Step 1: Determine the absolute value of the numbers.

 Step 2: Find the product of the absolute values.
 Step 3: Once the product is obtained, determine the sign of the number
according to the rules or conditions.

Let us look at an example to understand the steps better. Multiply - 7 × 8.

Step 1: Determine the absolute value of - 7 and 8.

|-7| = 7 and |8| = 8.

Step 2: Find the product of the absolute value numbers 7 and 8.

7 × 8 = 56

Step 3: Determine the sign of the product according to the multiplication of integers
rules. According to the multiplication of integer rule, if a negative number is
multiplied with a positive number, then the product is a negative number.

Therefore, - 7 × 8 = - 56.
Division of Integers

Division of integers involves the grouping of items. It includes both positive

numbers and negative numbers. Just like multiplication, the division of integers also
involves the same cases.

 Dividing 2 positive numbers

 Dividing 2 negative numbers
 Dividing 1 positive and 1 negative number

When you divide integers with two positive signs, Positive ÷ Positive = Positive
→ 16 ÷ 8 = 2.

When you divide integers with two negative signs, Negative ÷ Negative =
Positive → –16 ÷ –8 = 2.

When you divide integers with one negative sign and one positive sign, Negative ÷
Positive = Negative → –16 ÷ 8 = –2.

The following table will help you remember rules for dividing integers:
 Types of Integers Result Example

Both Integers Positive Positive 16 ÷ 8 = 2

Both Integers Negative Positive –16 ÷ –8 = 2

1 Positive and 1 Negative Negative –16 ÷ 8 = –2

To sum it all up and to make everything easy, the two most important things to
remember when you are multiplying integers or dividing integers are:

1. When the signs are different, the answer is always negative.

2. When the signs are the same, the answer is always positive.

Multiplication and Division of Integers Examples

Few examples of multiplication and division of integers are shown in the table given
below:

Multiplication Division

4×2=8 15 ÷ 3 = 5

4 × -2 = -8 15 ÷ –3 = –5

-4 × 2 = -8 –15 ÷ 3 = –5

-4 × -2 = 8 –15 ÷ –3 = 5

Properties of Multiplication and Division of Integers

Multiplication and division of integers properties help us to identify the relationship
between two or more integers when they are linked by multiplication or division
operation between them. There are a few properties associated with the
multiplication and division of integers.

Properties related to multiplication and division of integers are listed below:

 Closure Property
 Commutative Property
 Associative Property
 Distributive Property
 Identity Property

Let's understand each property in relation to the division and multiplication of

integers in detail.

Closure Property of Multiplication of Integers

The closure property states that the set is closed for any particular mathematical
operation. Integers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
However, they are not closed under division.

Operation Example

a × b is an integer 2 × –6= –12

a ÷ b not always an integer –3/4 is a fraction

Multiplication of Integers Commutative Property

According to the commutative property, interchanging the positions of operands in

an operation does not affect the result. The addition and multiplication of integers
follow the commutative property, while the division of integers does not hold this
property.
 Operation Example

a×b=b×a 5 × (–6) and (–6) × 5 = –30

a÷b≠b÷a 15 ÷ 3 = 5 but 3 ÷ 15 = 1/5

Associative Property of Multiplication of Integers

According to the associative property, changing the grouping of integers does not
alter the result of the operation. The associative property applies to the addition
and multiplication of two integers but not in the case of the division of integers.

Operation Example

(5 × –3) × 2 = –30
(a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
5 × (–3 × 2) = –30

(a ÷ b) ÷ c ≠ a ÷ (b ÷ c) (20 ÷ 5) ÷ 2 = 2 but 20 ÷ (5 ÷ 2)= 8

Distributive Property of Multiplication of Integers

Distributive property states that for any expression of the form a (b + c), which
means a × (b + c), operand a can be distributed among operands b and c as (a × b
+ a × c) i.e., a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c. Multiplication of integers is distributive
over addition and subtraction. The distributive property does not hold true for the
division of integers.

Operation Example

4 × (–3 + 6) =12
a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c)
(4 × –3) + (4 × 6) = 12
 Operation Example

2 × (5 – 3) = 4
a × (b – c) = (a × b) – (a × c)
(2 × 5) – (2 × 3) = 4

Identity Property of Multiplication of Integers

In the case of the multiplication of integers, 1 is the multiplicative identity. There is

no identity element in the case of the division of integers.

Identity Under Addition is Identity Under Multiplication

0 is 1

For any integer a, a + 0 = 0 For any integer a, 1 × a = a × 1

+a=a =a

For example, 8 + 0 = 0 + 8 = For example, (– 4) × 1 = 1 × (– 4)

8 =–4

Multiplication and Division of Integers Tips and Tricks:

1. There is neither the smallest integer nor the biggest integer.

2. The smallest positive integer is 1 and the greatest negative integer is -1.
3. PEMDAS rule applies for operations on integers. “Operations” are any of the
following: Brackets, Squares, Powers, Square Roots, Division, Multiplication,
Addition, and Subtraction.

Examples of Division and Multiplication of Integers

Example 1: Solve the given expression by using the division of integers rules: (–20)
÷ (–5) ÷ (–2).

Solution:
Here, we have to divide three integers, so we will follow the BODMAS rule here as
there is more than one operation in this expression. The first step is (–20 ÷ –5).
Now, by dividing -20 by -5, we get 4 as the answer. 4 is a positive integer, as
negative ÷ negative = positive. So, the new expression is (4) ÷ (–2). Now, if we
divide 4 by -2, we get -2, as positive ÷ negative = negative. Therefore, (–20) ÷ (–5)
÷ (–2) = –2.

Example 2: A test has 20 questions. Correct answers get +3 and incorrect answers -
1. A student answered 5 questions incorrectly. How many points did the student
score?

Solution:

To solve this question, we will be using the concept of rules for the multiplication of
integers. If 1 answer is correct, 3 points are awarded. Thus, for 15 correct answers,
points acquired will be 15 × 3 = 45. If 1 answer is incorrect, -1 point is given. Thus,
for 5 incorrect answers, points will be (5 × -1) = -5. Subsequently, the points scored
by the student will be 45 - 5 = 40. Therefore, the final score is 40 points.

Example 3: Help Jane solve the equation by using one of the properties of
multiplication of integers. (35) × (101).

Solution:

Given, (35) × (101), which can rewritten as (35) × (100 + 1). By using the
distributive property,

(35 × 100) + (35 × 1)

= 3500 + 35

= 3535

Therefore, the value of (35) × (101) = 3535.

MORE EXAMPLES

Addition of Integers

Subtraction of Integers
 Division of Integers

Multiplication of Integers
TEST YOURSELF