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Computer Vision: Table of Contents

computer vision

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17 views7 pages

Computer Vision: Table of Contents

computer vision

Uploaded by

vini
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Vision

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction to Computer Vision
2. Theoretical Concepts
 Image Formation and Representation
 Image Filtering and Enhancement
 Feature Extraction
 Object Detection and Recognition
 Image Segmentation
3. Practical Implementation
 Setup and Installation
 Basic Image Processing with OpenCV
 Object Detection using Haar Cascades
 Feature Extraction and Matching
 Image Segmentation with K-Means Clustering
4. Python Programs with Output
 Program 1: Object Detection
 Program 2: Image Segmentation
5. Conclusion and Future Directions

Sarthak Singh Sikarwar Class-X KV Andrews Ganj, New Delhi


1. Introduction to Computer Vision: Computer vision is a multidisciplinary field that
enables computers to interpret and understand the visual world. It aims to replicate the
complex human visual system through the use of digital images and videos. Applications
of computer vision range from facial recognition and autonomous vehicles to medical
imaging and augmented reality. Computer vision trains machines to perform these
functions, but it has to do it in much less time with cameras, data and algorithms rather
than retinas, optic nerves and a visual cortex. Because a system trained to inspect
products or watch a production asset can analyze thousands of products or processes a
minute, noticing imperceptible defects or issues, it can quickly surpass human
capabilities.

2. Theoretical Concepts:
 Image Formation and Representation: Images are represented as matrices of
pixel values, where each pixel corresponds to a point in the image with specific
intensity values. The process of image formation involves capturing light from the
environment and converting it into digital signals.
 Image Filtering and Enhancement: Image filtering techniques such as blurring,
sharpening, and edge detection are used to enhance image quality and extract
important features.
 Feature Extraction: Features are distinctive patterns or structures within an
image that are crucial for various computer vision tasks. Common features include
corners, edges, and keypoints.
 Object Detection and Recognition: Object detection involves identifying and
localizing objects within an image or video stream, while recognition assigns
semantic labels to these objects.
 Image Segmentation: Image segmentation partitions an image into multiple
segments to simplify its representation and facilitate further analysis.

Sarthak Singh Sikarwar Class-X KV Andrews Ganj, New Delhi


3. Computer Vision Use Cases and Benefits

 Public Safety and Home Security


Computer vision with image and facial recognition helps quickly
identify unlawful entries or persons of interest, resulting in safer
communities and a more effective way of deterring crimes.

 Authentication and Enhanced Computer-human interaction


Enhanced human-computer interaction improves customer
satisfaction such as offering products based on customer
sentiment analysis in retail outlets or faster banking services
with quick authentication based on customer identity and
preferences.

 Content Management and Analysis


With millions of images added every day to media and
social channels. The use of computer vision technologies
such as metadata extraction and image classification greatly
improves efficiency and revenue opportunities.
 Autonomous Driving
Using computer vision technologies. Auto manufacturers can
provide improved and safer self-driving car navigation
realizing the goal of making autonomous driving a reality and
a reliable transportation option.

 Medical Imaging
Medical image analysis with computer vision can greatly
improve the accuracy and speed of a patient's medical
diagnosis, resulting in better treatment outcomes and life
expectancy.

Sarthak Singh Sikarwar Class-X KV Andrews Ganj, New Delhi


 Manufacturing Process Control
Well-trained computer vision incorporated in robotics improves quality
assurance and operational efficiencies in manufacturing
applications, resulting in more reliable and cost-effective
products.

Practical Implementation:
 Setup and Installation: Install Python and necessary libraries such as OpenCV
using pip. Import required modules in the Python environment.
 Basic Image Processing with OpenCV: Load an image using OpenCV, perform
basic operations like resizing, converting color spaces, and displaying images.
 Object Detection using Haar Cascades: Implement object detection using pre-
trained Haar cascade classifiers to detect faces or other objects in images.
 Feature Extraction and Matching: Extract features from images using
algorithms like SIFT or SURF, and match them across multiple images to find
correspondences.
 Image Segmentation with K-Means Clustering: Segment images using the K-
Means clustering algorithm to group pixels with similar attributes together.

4. Python Programs with Output:


Program 1: Object Detection
Input:

Sarthak Singh Sikarwar Class-X KV Andrews Ganj, New Delhi


Code:
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread("image.jpg")
img_gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
img_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
stop_data = cv2.CascadeClassifier('stop_data.xml')
found = stop_data.detectMultiScale(img_gray,
minSize =(20, 20))
amount_found = len(found)
if amount_found != 0:
for (x, y, width, height) in found:
cv2.rectangle(img_rgb, (x, y),
(x + height, y + width),
(0, 255, 0), 5)
plt.subplot(1, 1, 1)
plt.imshow(img_rgb)
plt.show()

Output:

Sarthak Singh Sikarwar Class-X KV Andrews Ganj, New Delhi


Program 2: Image Segmentation
Input:

Code:
from skimage import data
from skimage import filters
from skimage.color import rgb2gray
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
coffee = data.coffee()
gray_coffee = rgb2gray(coffee)
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 15))
for i in range(10):
binarized_gray = (gray_coffee > i*0.1)*1
plt.subplot(5,2,i+1)
plt.title("Threshold: >"+str(round(i*0.1,1)))
plt.imshow(binarized_gray, cmap = 'gray')
plt.tight_layout()

Sarthak Singh Sikarwar Class-X KV Andrews Ganj, New Delhi


Output:

5. Conclusion and Future Directions: In this project, we explored the theoretical


foundations of computer vision and implemented various practical applications using
Python and OpenCV. There is vast potential for further research and development in this
field, including advanced deep learning techniques for image recognition, 3D
reconstruction, and real-time video processing. Continued advancements in computer
vision will lead to innovative solutions across a wide range of industries and domains.

References:
 OpenCV Documentation: https://docs.opencv.org/
 Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications by Richard Szeliski

Sarthak Singh Sikarwar Class-X KV Andrews Ganj, New Delhi

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