Core Java
1. Basic Concepts:
o What are the features of Java?
o Explain the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM.
o What are Java’s access modifiers?
o How does Java achieve platform independence?
2. Object-Oriented Programming:
o What are the four pillars of OOP? Give examples.
o What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?
o Explain the difference between == and equals().
o What is method overloading and overriding?
3. Data Types and Variables:
o What are Java’s primitive data types?
o Explain the difference between final, finally, and finalize.
o What are static variables and methods? Provide examples.
4. Collections Framework:
o What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?
o Explain the difference between HashMap, LinkedHashMap, and TreeMap.
o How does HashMap work internally?
o What is the difference between List, Set, and Queue?
5. Exception Handling:
o What is the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions?
o Explain the use of try, catch, finally, and throw in Java.
o How does Java’s exception hierarchy work?
Advanced Java Concepts
1. Multithreading and Concurrency:
o What is the difference between Thread and Runnable?
o Explain the concept of synchronization and locks in Java.
o What are volatile and transient keywords?
o How does Java’s ExecutorService work?
2. Generics:
o What are generics in Java? Why are they used?
o Explain the differences between ?, T, and E in generics.
o How are wildcards used in generics?
3. Java Streams and Lambda Expressions:
o What are lambda expressions? Provide an example.
o What are the differences between map() and flatMap() in streams?
o How do you use filter(), forEach(), and collect() in the Streams API?
4. Java Memory Management:
o Explain Java’s memory model.
o How does garbage collection work in Java?
o What are strong, weak, soft, and phantom references?
5. Reflection API:
o What is reflection in Java?
o What are some use cases of the Reflection API?
o What are the drawbacks of using reflection?
Java Frameworks and Libraries
1. Spring Framework:
o What is Dependency Injection (DI)?
o Explain the difference between @Component, @Service, @Repository, and
@Controller.
o What are Spring Boot’s main features?
o How does Spring handle transaction management?
2. Hibernate:
o What is Hibernate and why is it used?
o Explain the difference between get() and load() in Hibernate.
o What are Hibernate caching mechanisms?
o What is HQL (Hibernate Query Language)?
