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Chem

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11 views9 pages

Chem

Uploaded by

cabdicuzzayr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

4 Hydrolysis of salts
Salt HYDROLYSIS :is the reaction of salts with
water.
 It is the reaction of cations or anions or both ions of
salts with water to produce hydronium ion or
hydroxide ion.
 There are four types of hydrolysis of salts
1. Hydrolysis of salts of strong acids and
strong bases
Are also known as “type I salts”
are salts obtained from strong acids and
strong bases.
They do not undergo hydrolysis i.e
cations or anions of type I salts don’t
react with water
They are neutral salts
They have PH of (PH=7)
They don’t affect the PH of water
Example: Nacl,KCl,NaNO3 , BaI2 ,Ca(Cl04)2
etc.. Kcl(aq) k+(aq) + cl-(aq)
K++H2O no reaction
2. Hydrolysis of salts of weak
acids and strong bases.(Anion hydrolysis)
Prepared by : ENG YUSUF DEK.
Are also known as “type II salts”
They are salts obtained from weak
acids and strong bases.
Only anion of the salt will react with
water.
They are basic salts.
They have PH>7.
The addition of such salts increase
the PH of water
Example:NaF, K2CO3, HCOONa, CH3COOK,
CH3COOK CH3COO-+K+
CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH +
OH
K++ H2O no reaction
The PH of type II salt is determined by the
formula : PH= 7+1/2(log[salt] -
log[ka])

3.Hydrolysis salts of strong acid and weak


bases (cation hydrolysis)
Prepared by : ENG YUSUF DEK.
Are also known as type “III salts”
They ae salts obtained from strong
acids and weak bases
Only cation of the salts react with
water
They are acidic salts
They have PH<7
The addition of such salts
decreases the PH of water
Example:NH4CL, MgSO4, AL(NO3), etc..
NH4CL NH4+ + CL-
NH4+ + H2O NH3+ H3O+
The PH of type III salts is determines by
the
formula : PH= 7+1/2(log[kb] - log[salt])

4.Hydrolysis of salts of weak acids


and weak bases
( cation and anion hydrolysis )

Prepared by : ENG YUSUF DEK.


Are also called “type IV salts”
They are salts from weak acids and
weak bases
Both cation and anion of the salt
react with water
Salts obtained from weak acids and
weak base can be
Acids if ka > kb ex: NH4F
Base if ka < kb ex: NH4CN
Neutral if ka = kb ex:
CH3COONH4

Example:
NH4F NH4++ F-
NH4+ + H2O NH3 + H3O+
F- + H2O HF + OH-
The PH of type IV salts is determines by the
formula : PH= 7+1/2(log[kb] - log[ka])

Prepared by : ENG YUSUF DEK.


1.5 Acid-Base indicators and
titrations
Acid-Base indicators
 Are weak ( denoted as Hln ) or weak
organic bases ( denotes as ln-)
that indicate weather a solution is
acidic,basic, or neutral.
 The color of the indicator depends on
the PH of the solution to wich it is
added
 When small amount of indicator is
added to a solution,the indicator
doesnot affected the PH of the
solution.
Hln + H2O H3O+ + ln-

Acid color: Kln = [H3O+][ln-]


[Hln]

Base color: Kln = [ln]


[H3O] [Hln]
Prepared by : ENG YUSUF DEK.
NB:
 Hln and ln- have always
different colors
 The color we observe in the
solution depends on the ratio of Hln
and ln-
 In acidic solution,the
equilibrium shifts to the left and the
acid color is visible
 In the basic solution, the
equilibrium shifts to the right and the
base color is visible

Equivalents of Acid and Bases


 During dilution,number of
equivalents remains constant
 Number of equivalent of acid =
Number of equivalent of base
NaVa=NbVb or N1V1=N2V2
Acid Base Titration

Prepared by : ENG YUSUF DEK.


 Titration: is a method in which a
solution with known consentraion is
used to determine the concentration of
unknown solution
 The solution with known concentration
is called “titrant” or “standard
solution”
 The solution with unkown
concentration is called “analyte”
 The titrant is placed in burette and
the analyte is placed in reaction
flask/vessel
 During titration , the titrant is slowly
added from burette to analyte in the
reaction vessel until neutralization is
complete

NB:
 Titrant is carefully
controlled neutralization reaction
 Equivalence point: is
the point at which the acid and
bases have been consumed.
Prepared by : ENG YUSUF DEK.
 End point: is the point
at which the indicator changes color
permanently.
 Titration curve: is the
graph of PH iversus volume of
titrant.

Prepared by : ENG YUSUF DEK.


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