DETERMINANT OF 3×3 MATRIX

The sum of the products of elements of a row with their

corresponding cofactors is called determinant of that

·
matrix.
Kis =
elemente
The determinant of matrix
Sthcolum

a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1

[
D = G, , All
a2 b2 c2 is written as a2 b2 c2 +
12 A12
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 +9
, 3A13

Ais-fact i
it
Mijamin mis
 MINOR OF ELEMENT
Minor of an element in a 3×3 matrix is defined as the
determinant of the 2×2 matrix,after deleting the row and the
column in which the element is present.

Then minor of element aij, denoted by Mij is defined as the

determinant of the submatrix obtained by deleting 𝒊 th row

Im
& j th column of ∆.
-k
(ii) G 12
Air
(1) t Mis
+
All a3) Als =
al
 COFACTOR OF ELEMENT
Cofactor of an element in the ith row and jth column
of a 3×3 matrix is defined as the product of
(-1)i+j and the minor of aij
Cofactor of an element Aij= (-1)i+j Mij
Minor of an element is denoted Mij
 zii
I Giase
I
A =

& ass age as

II
D =
911 All +ai Alz + dis Als
1+ 1
= an(-1) Mil + Giefll'
+
Mic + a , z(-13Mis
i I an
as)-a2 +
= 2n , Azi + &22 A22 +
Ges &
23
=

= a ,
s Alz + GesA2s +
231AB3
 a 1 b1 c 1
If A= a2 b2 c2 IA) Let(A)
laS I
=
=

a3 b3 c3
Observe that
detA=a1A1+b1B1+c1C1 expansion along first row
detA=a2A2+b2B2+c2C2 expansion along the second row
detA=a3A3+b3B3+c3C3 expansion along the third row

detA=a1A1+a2A2+a3A3 expansion along the first column

detA=b1B1+b2B2+b3B3 expansion along the second column

detA=c1C1+c2C2+c3C3 expansion along the third column
The sum of the product of elements of any row
(column) with the cofactors of other row (column)
is always equal to zero.
1 I
a
D 413
a
=

al

1931 use ass I

A32
a, As
dists
+

a 12 An + 222A21 +
932Az1 = 0
 Properties of Determinants

If every element of a row (or column) of a square matrix is 0,

then the determinant of that matrix is 0.

The sign of the determinant of a square matrix changes

If any two rows or columns in the matrix are interchanged.

If two rows (or columns) of a square matrix are identical,

then the value of the determinant of that matrix is zero.

↓I
If all the elements of a row (or a column) of a
square matrix are multiplied by a number k,
then the value of the determinant of the matrix
obtained is k times the determinant of the given matrix
The value of a determinant remains unaltered,

li
if the rows & columns are inter changed

The determinant of a triangular matrix is the product of the

#
elements of the principal diagonal of the matrix ab =

I =
an
Skew symmetric determinant of odd order has the value zero
# A = -A-Skewers metric
(A) =
Matrix of
0
us on her
 [ h] A
A :

-y metic Mahix

[I
A AT
=

= -
A

Skene symetric Matrix

(A)
O onder
I
=-
I zo
= 0

3x)
If each element in a row ( or column) of a square matrix
is the sum of two numbers(or more), its determinant can
be expressed as the sum of the determinants of two
(or more) square matrices.

+ ki + +2,
4

+1
# P 2
+
#p + +1 + P +
9
a
+

I "Into ziatI
+

as 12 '
,
I I
000
I

a
C

al

-o :
[
Y O

an asa ,

S-
an 99 910
as
 I ain
I
D =

n
E C + C -
12

-- Ju Deserted
as da

D 2 = + ( ,
+ y(z +
MCz (Inthenheit

ii I
a + db + MC
-New
1
=

az + db + 4/2

ai +
db +
Mis

II gl
RP
= 14
12 i
13
43s 63
33

= D + jx0 + MX = D
=D =
The value of a determinant is not altered by adding to
the elements of any row (or column) the same multiples
of the corresponding elements of any other row (or column).
while applying this property at least one row (or column)
must remain unchanged.
Important Determinants

-a
I I = D e
-

-(i
G
alr -2 c - al

n-
6 -
a)

( x)() x
= -
-
W I I
At G

13 F

GFC
I

Arc
=
+ 2 FLH
-

A F -
134) - -4)
 Co. <Cv-8- find
- ang
-
-
W =Meg) -

(8)2
↑ T 1% 1 =

Sing af

-
Est I Lis
Si-1) Sing
Cast a
Co_* [ S -
Cu- (Y +
S)
I
(2 +
22 -
4

I
Co (c + S (

Ess/sapsing
& Sis (n(C + 8) .

D : =
Casiness cas R+ S

Sin Sis Co (y + 3) Co (Y + - S)
 CP

as
H P
Tp
-
.

= a

Ta = J

Tr = c

d =

-p =
+ = A + (b 1)D
-

111 =
+
2
=

y = A + (a -
1)D

Rin R , -

DPc =

(A D) Rs
-

tr
=
=

= A + (n 1)D
-

ax000)
A -

p .

= 0
 ADS
b

as
+

I
2 :
(A -D) +
ap
(A B)

I
-

+ ~D
b E
-

11 I
I I

R1 R (A D) Rs
-

DRa
- -

, -

I --
C
O
= allE t
(2 = 4 -
64

I
On
(3 - 4 - CC
,
ya + 36 + 2C

+ 3c
10a +66

Dallasa I
33 - d -

62b
-I
=

ap/1440)
Sal =) Ei
Ind Met

EC
-

·II s
Ja
at2
102 + 6) + 3
I
10a6
&

O
⑫iii)
G sa60
+
⑫to
3
o

lo
!
a +

1 -

c -
Ani-Ri

↓ !
Pa P
, -R
+ +
R

a
it a I ( +

/Q)
a+ i
+

(2
i + 11
C1-4 Itch

criei
- -

-
11.
-
a

arc It I
D = I
+
is
1

, 1 R
R ,
+ P2 + 03

aut
~ =
 C
< 2
-
,
3 -
4

E
+)) i
A ax() - + +

· I
=
+

= ak
( ti f

!
-
a +
C
1 +
C
c -
C
Y

I
ad ca + ab R P,

=-
+ Ca +
+
Pe + Ps
,
D
-
6c + ab
-
a) C2 -
"
( + x
2 -
C

N
D =
(21 ++
)1 1 caresss)1 Y
 yz x x
𝑰f y z x y  kxyz ,Then K is
z z x y
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
*

2 = 1
Putn
=
= y

⑭
· h
was
8 =
it
ist ! in -

⑮
52 -
2553
·
E
 R , + P, -
Fz

/
2
1 -
3
Y

-
I
3
T
2 x -

]
(2 34
2
- -

E >21 I
-

2 +
2

31( + 4

(
x))2
g

I
=
-

-
3 -
5 , 1
3

I
-

G w
2x I

I is
+
9 7) 1
(c 2((x) 1)
-

-
-
=

2 3k )-
I
5(1) + 3)/1)
-

= -
-
1) (k) -
2)
21 + 91 =
3= i mi Y
-
=
=
2 + ( + (2 + 4)

&
c

c)
+ a

I
2(a 1 1)a + a
a + 1 + a + 6

I
+ +

D = =
+1 + 1 + a+ 1 C 6 + C k +9
ea
+

6 6 +c
| a + 1 + c a + f + +c
2(a + + +
2) a +

-
Ci -C (

I
+
2 4D a+ , +
2
+
-
=

2+ 1 + C

I - I
(
2a
-
C D =
a + 1 + c

+
6

=
-
c -
a
 -

x alo

(( 1 iI
4 C + -

-
,
-

4 A =

(2 14 -
4 D (c + a)) -
j
= Ca +
yae( +

al
3)
I I
(+ a
(+ 1 + O
R3 Ry R Pz
-

D
-
-
= = ,

G C+ a -
6 3

I
a+ 2 D ( + ( + 1)( + -
= al

I
c -
a -
J c -
a -
b +
2a)
a G

g c+ a -
f
22
-

26 -
2a29)

"6
 G
I zab
D = a(b + c -
a) G
al

I
j(( + a -

6) j2
-

2ab 2ab

C
C + +
Cy

(
,

I )
D = a(b + 1
(2 + ( + 3
j2

G 026

& :

G2(aSeal
=a +

=
2a12(a
1 +

12 Kittitu
+ 1
(a+ <13
+ 1 +
x
my
 Product of Two Determinants

[
Rune X Ran
Using Product of Two Determinants Rune x (
1 -

1xdan-
C-lycon

⑰
· I 11 I mil
Dis

I
is
X a
senses
=
is bu
aga 932933 631632633 Di
· .

Pu = and11 + a226 ,2
+
a2363
 Caldecic
I I h : i
Ca2 S ·

[r . 12 Si 13 0

I 1 /1
-y)(((
c-(
Cal &24 0
sin
D
o
-

⑮ Fi
an(1-1) cat-2
 ⑭
⑮1- 1 ,
2
,
3
,
11
,
12 12
,
,

⑮2-16 ,
12
,
18 ,
19
,
20
,
21
,
22
, 23

#3- 31
,
38 ,
39
, 42 , 23

⑮ -54 , 59 , 60

-5 = 73

⑮5 - 77
-
, 80 , 83

⑰ 10
-
125 , 196 ,
122 ,
129 ,
130

#- 11 -
131
,
132 ,
135, 137

- 17
-
145 , 148