Unit TV I

btabiity of Paos syeten

Wnite het Nte on
>steady state ctatility tis tasieally
Cenceind ith thedeteimioahn
the upþei lioit of machine loainq
befe losing yncanidm pnvidd
dii theloading ie ineased gaay
llrnein stble undér tse ceniti of
setetivelysle and emal ietusbanee
ROLS keanoldod tuctuttns
a t itJhe Gheidyktate stabilihy imit iebe
aas mninLa)poses that can beitrantede
otbout thé system Abecomin nttle
ohen the doedis increai a aclually
umder steay atate conditioné

KcomerNed wtth&oelllistuibancel
oat alenq wth the efet f automatie

Smalaistusbences are cmtiououy

eccuring ina oes systo ahich' as
bmallienough nottocause the Áyston
to leeAynchnisoutdoesite
int the stateef hatuinal
the <ystem
Oscillati¡ns.
 na clynamicaly nstable systen,
the oscllatin amplfde
aroplifde is lae
amdit emain t r lonq tin
lshe ynctronoue n aehines ase otet)
w tat acting votge gulator,' the
stability dimit 4 systro oecsme
Bhan sle atig vottagesgle
JNe stbility is alio concend oth
tthe &loo changes in.load asicaie
hendy sate stability
sts alailiy
syncnnikm aftes the initad ing
(traneiest stabiuty peso) unL the
ystn hasettled doon ar neo
stedy sttade equi libnn cenitions

3> rmait stabityitia thestuly

selatcd uttth sudden,laqe ,seeré
and ureheated dietetbenes resiulhing
in beay Ahock to the syston Hese the
type e istelbances ase Audden shat
iraut, sudden remova of load on
genciating ubit and oliscomncetin f
any pate syston frorm cem plete netoae
AtemCauses the accelton e maeline
ntsJ4te dshhne the system
 betwcen valios oaeined andstusn
to the initialstate or closes to tbeoitl
state of equilibium then the system has
transi t &tabiüty a she tranient stkíuty
petiod is vey small and genclally tales
lo
as f the orde of 1&ee
Max power thot can be tranfemed
witbout (oss of stebility ohen a Aude
dietust ne occUss i cale transist
Atatilty linit

a wy inetia constant Ha m e
4td4eeiettywked thn the inetta
constant Min poses eystem &tabiity
Btudies. osine relaten batn both
Ant H is re frequenty wcd than M
bedeuie theValue e 'Mvasiel uwicdely

ange ef H d mueh hamn values.

edoes not vasy heidely t unikeM.
and 'Hy' can toe conicleed aioilar to
Zx moehin e if X ik not lknon.

Ayoamick 4Sykorenoy Maelibe

Kineheeneyy ( K£) ofotr at synchn
zþeed is
uolhere J=MI rotor in Kqn
 ac
Mpu=
base, as
H Jalaing
'a4
stt ineta callea also is M
H M=
2TTf
Ws
H2%
J/MVA cstant
in l fnetia H=
VAA in
base) G=moeline
ting
GH=k.E=
Mw 2
MI
ueh H’ineia de7ne oil We
MI- inestia
fn momente M= .".
tlidth
=MWs
lcts) beeome& (
maolne in pfe ef NoP> P
wsmsmcmncd
in
afod
 e7 oht is meant by
oy sing wvelHoi
ie used in ttability study (its sigifiarce)
Desive oing equatin ?
Ansitt ssing cquetion detins dynamics o
Syrdnnod macbuine stt gives change io
vetr <peed (io) and tor angle C 6)
fe Pe
Geneistor
Pn Metav
WTe
Abone tys- shss torque, speeh and 7o

Ayochrone w maehine.heseind,
fotonand iron less trrque ie negli gible.
Ahe ditsenual eqn fert rotor
yam dynajck is iren b
Tm Te
(Nm
dt
whee m= meeh. ante in
io Yad. (meel)
Tn = Tusbinetorque in Nn)
Te = Eletomegntietrque elereleel
(ite value is ne tor
tor metr)
metor) CNm)
while etor undesgoes dyn am icd as
pes eqn D, rotr sped changel by
 Hence egn ie cenested oto more.
convenient poses om
nn by atsundn
the otor &hee to ematn cmstant
at the synchonow dþeed Cwsm)
bo fr thot , mutibly eqnD by sm
=PmPe Mw)
fWsm dt

tot4 hese Rm’ Mead. poses inþut

SPe eletical pohet otput

= Rn-Pe (M)
Oeangle în rad (eletncal
gtyM e = Pm-Pe
dt 2 Achuadtoranei

actalotr spee

4ssyochmously
otagyef nis
Wst

Sttionry
Yeferenee nik
S=Wst
(Jtis gre canvenjent to measuhe the
nlaspositien the otor urt Bynha
Yotating trame fercne)
 af
where O tox anuaa poxiteo at

dikplacemet
S= enqular deq. ef t r in
t smotang
eletrica deg.
| We hane

dt2

Ma26 = PoPe (Mw) G)

we Kned, M= GH

Pn-Pe (in MO)

H 2s
= Pm-Pe - (in pu)
oheie Mpu=
Eo 3) scalled swing cq tich des -
chibes otor cynanick of syochn mk
Wnite &hot nste on
Crihial cleating time +
Jhe tirne coresponding to
caitkal cdeesing angle (Ser) OR the
rne intrral bto the tine hon t
takes þlace amdthe tHone.ohein the
cB cleask the faat emitHcally
 knasn as cital deosing time tor.
Suing cqm ik M -p-Pe
Prg-Pe
M
Jf duing tault, Pe=o then
ds Prn
dtz M
toice wrt t'
Sntegrattn7 Prm
2 M

when t to s= Scr 2
ScrPm tes tSo
2M
2M
tr Pm
(Ger-so)
2H (sr-So) pu

wheseM(puy
Note tex e valid kohen duing tault)
ohen Pe- Pemz0
fer
ter s to,then e beenes
J
dt2
Juslsnanlin ca 2hd ordel difË- eq
 Critcal deasing angle
eleceletng
1f the availakle accelejatng
aiea is reter than the
asea the maekine wi lyemain
synchamien Jhe acceleiating area(A)
Can tbe Yedueed by recueing anle Sc
at which cB_deass the teulted ine
Jhis ie pessib)e if ce isfastes in
epesatho. Jhe cihcak cleasing lange
Ser is the angle at ohich the faulted
ine is deeiedand the macháne fust
remain in snchronikn -
J & c 6 r t h e maekine uile
loss the synhreni Jhe Cnhcal
cleasing ange (sc)can becalalated
citeia
(ostine) om equl asea

tnremental eticiney
incretwent in output to the corespn
ig ehange in the input.
dirg
AP 1
Jheremetal etficna=Ac
A JnreaTnertal
fuel te
 Assum ptins er tansient Sality she
iqnora.
2> dampes oindinq is ignoed

t smehonous &ped spcad vaties insigni

fietly dusinq tmsjent esi od.
4) Meeh arical input to macline i8 algummet to
mman castaotchesinq the toansioot ie
regulating actien ef thegenesaty lo i| igoered.
SValtge hehind transient eaatne ik
ta&uned to reme cnstat. eactionof

shunt capaeitanced ase igned

7 Lodeae modelle as cmstat acnitHanes

telFactns aketiog tnsient &tabi lity o P.s.

2> speed B. 1nsia cnstant

S>anster reactnce X2
Method of gounding in pnoessytem
Accesato s Pa
M

Eacitatis and goveming éystem respmbe

Mesok o impraing tantiet stabily
Jnereaing volttagepr7ile
Oeereatin tanskei eactance
Use of dig speed exejtatio Ayten
 4> Useosoitebed sesies capacit
> Use ef breakinq resistor
) Use o aretlimitinq eaeto
> Use y fast tustine value
8 full load rejeetien technique
) Usee HYp c syste
1) Use efdingle pete or iodeþendentpde sithin
Awiehing
CB.

faetsaeatig steahy stte stability

Jnreaslng v t e pretile
2) ereasing ioe neetance soe
Linereatence can be decteeaed by
deereasirg shaeing betncandueta
oereeing diamtor o the cmductr
> Using pasael Linesaod
Vstng bundled cmduetord
Using senies conpensated ine.

steady tate stability limit, fma = V

sehce XigandBe reestne
So &talai Lity inít can be ineeed
abeve faatai
 stability shuties ?
Ans'- fY synchnous genesar, oing ie
fa = fm-fe = M 28
aohee,
Pro = Meh- pses i/p
Pe = Eletica) podet op
M= Ineti c n e t t
s= RetoY mgle

tably
Ys B t dúeto oistas bance Pnand Pe she
So

accelesatnq pes fa apþeas.

and nt nge taste maleing ing ad

mthod to get veliaier 6wrt time t

Jis is called aoing carve .148achievel
sooea. vadee nd tasts earasing then
packhine sedsaa to lbe stable.fs'costi
neensly foreeses eb tine, then oachine ber
iCnntnetable
A-Unstable
stab le
 foplain cqul aror critemion 4 Aability appli
toa Anite maehine cpeeted to înfite bt.
OR Explain the firstAaing trasient crnteia an4
eih tat orone eqnal ajea citenemaine Limita
Ans Rransiost stility is related oith lasye,
sevre,andsudden citusbance in pees sstern
hick causes lotye ckange in eþ ed endntor
langle of naetine Jhe linsnisnt of proet
larecre is not foLsible fr laye chnges
hence the seioq eqtn is to be eotve by
numeicd otriquaNumeicad so givet pld f
sverce tcelled auing cenve Iranssert
petiod i f 1see nd if ding tie petiod
s'nerases contineeudly wiH tine, then the
machine losss Ameonikm then systen is instale
Jf's'perfermt cscilatins chossnplihce
deeranses, then systom ik sai? to b ste
Seiing lasge distusbonce
s'becmes
rotrargle
roxiiamsomtimes and stats derea[h
andne vemam tble dunq transint
LpesiedSe kcaled fistaoing stalility"
nstable
0
Sma atsle

So
 fquel asea citoion frtronsient
taility
ort infnte tous, then tosicot
tabi lity shudy tranieot
poscible by me% e iple
csiteri g witfhet qotng t its Normencal so
som.
ds
if
t
()

md Unstable if ds
syo 2)
Jhe sein emie M's =Pm-Pe=fa
2ds d's 2.Pa ds
Meiply bs. by dt

dt M
So
S

figo
ohese Se ie initial otr ane befwe Aut

Pats=o
60
Jke,cm stabilhy can lae ttatad as
Je systen is stable if the aie unte f
Cacceleseting poses) -S cusue deduces foze0
atsme valueof's'. oRthe accelestng
(decelesatng alra) henie
name
shorn in ig.C