Department of Electrical Engineering

Lab Engineer: Muhammad Ali Khalid Dated: 21st May, 2024

Semester: 2nd Section: BEE-15C

EE-221 Engineering Network Analysis

Project Report: IoT-Based Weather Station

Group Members
- Muhammad Talha: 464918
- Sami Haider Mirza: 469908
- Hamdan Ahmed: 454218
- Muhammad Abdullah: 467194

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 Table of Contents

1.Introduction ……….………………………………………………….………………... 3

2.Methodology …………………………………………………………………………... 3

3.Applications ………………………………………………………….…………….…... 4

4.Contribution of Each Group Member………………………………………… 4

5.References …………………………………………………………….…………………. 4

5.Conclusion ………….…………………………………………………………….……… 5

Introduction
In the rapidly evolving field of technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative force,
revolutionizing how we collect, monitor, and analyze data across various domains. For our second semester

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project, we embarked on developing an IoT-based weather station designed to provide real-time and accurate
weather information. This project not only serves educational purposes but also has practical applications in areas
such as agricultural management, urban planning, and environmental monitoring.
The primary goal of this project is to create a system that can continuously monitor key weather parameters
including temperature, humidity, air pressure, light intensity, and precipitation. By integrating high-accuracy
sensors with an Arduino Uno microcontroller, our weather station collects and processes weather data, which is
then displayed on an LCD screen and can be accessed remotely via web and mobile applications. This
comprehensive approach ensures that users have up-to-date and reliable weather information at their fingertips.
This documentation details the design, implementation, and functionality of our IoT-based weather station,
highlighting the technical challenges we encountered and the solutions we devised. As electrical engineering
students, this project has not only honed our technical skills but also underscored the importance of
interdisciplinary collaboration. The knowledge and experience gained from this endeavour will be invaluable as we
continue to explore and innovate within the realm of IoT and beyond.

Methodology
The first step in developing our IoT-based weather station involved comprehensive planning and design. We
defined the project scope, objectives, and requirements. We aimed to create a system capable of monitoring and
displaying key weather parameters in real-time, accessible remotely via IoT technology. The primary components
identified for this project were various sensors, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, an LCD 16x2 display, and an I2C
module. We carefully selected the following components for their reliability and compatibility:
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR): To measure light intensity.
BMP180 Barometric Pressure Sensor: For capturing atmospheric pressure.
DHT11 Sensor: For detecting temperature and humidity.
Rain Sensor Module: To monitor precipitation.
Arduino Uno Microcontroller: To process sensor data and manage communication.
LCD 16x2 Display: For visual output of weather data.
I2C Module: To simplify the connection and communication with the LCD display.

Each sensor was calibrated to ensure accurate measurements:

LDR Calibration: We tested the LDR under various light conditions to map resistance changes to light intensity
levels.
BMP180 Calibration: The BMP180 sensor was calibrated using reference pressure readings to ensure accurate
atmospheric pressure measurements.
DHT11 Calibration: Temperature and humidity readings from the DHT11 were compared against standard devices
to verify accuracy.
Rain Sensor Calibration: We simulated different rainfall conditions to calibrate the rain sensor's sensitivity and
response.

The sensors were integrated with the Arduino Uno microcontroller using jumper wires. We connected each sensor
to the Arduino Uno, ensuring proper voltage and grounding. The I2C module was connected to the Arduino to
facilitate communication with the LCD display. We wrote Arduino code to read data from each sensor. Libraries
specific to each sensor (such as the DHT11 and BMP180 libraries) were downloaded and included in the code to
facilitate data collection and processing. We developed algorithms to process the sensor data. The Arduino code

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was structured to periodically collect data from each sensor. Basic error-checking mechanisms were implemented
to validate sensor data and handle anomalies. Processed data was formatted and displayed on the LCD 16x2 screen
via the I2C module. This setup reduced the number of pins required and simplified the communication process. To
enhance the system’s functionality, we enabled remote access to weather data. We integrated IoT modules to
transmit data to a cloud server. Basic web and mobile applications were developed to allow users to access real-
time weather data remotely. We optimized data transmission protocols to minimize latency and ensure real-time
updates. We focused on creating a user-friendly interface. Graphical representations of weather data were
included in the web and mobile applications to make the information more intuitive. Features such as alert
notifications were implemented to inform users of significant weather changes or anomalies. Extensive testing was
conducted to ensure the system’s reliability and accuracy The weather station was tested under various
environmental conditions to validate sensor accuracy and system robustness. Any issues encountered during
testing were addressed through iterative debugging and refinement of the code and hardware setup.

Applications
- Optimize irrigation schedules based on real-time weather data to conserve water and enhance crop yield.
- Provide early warnings and monitor water levels during heavy rainfall events; the station can detect potential
flooding risks and alert authorities and residents in advance.
- Optimize heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for energy efficiency and occupant comfort.
- Farmers and gardeners can use IoT-based weather stations to implement targeted pest management strategies;
predict pest activity and trigger alerts when conditions are favorable for infestations.

Contribution of Each Member

- Muhammad Talha: Most of the circuit work and coding
- Sami Haider Mirza: Assistance and documentation
- Hamdan Ahmed: Assistance and ppt
- Muhammad Abdullah: Assistance and supervising

References
- https://projecthub.arduino.cc/
- https://www.instructables.com/Weather-Station-Projects/
- https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/esp12-nodemcu-based-iot-weather-station

Conclusion
The successful implementation of our IoT-based weather station demonstrates the potential of IoT technology to
enhance various aspects of our lives. By providing real-time, accurate weather data, we can optimize agricultural

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practices, improve urban planning, and develop responsive systems to reduce environmental risks. The skills and
insights gained from this project have laid a strong foundation for our future endeavors in the field of electrical
engineering and IoT innovations. Our journey taught us the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, as we
drew upon knowledge from various domains including electronics, programming, and data science. Furthermore,
the project sharpened our technical skills and problem-solving abilities, from selecting and calibrating sensors to
optimizing data transmission protocols. These practical experiences have equipped us with valuable expertise that
will be beneficial for us in our future pursuits as electrical engineering students and professionals. Whether it's
designing advanced IoT systems, developing renewable energy solutions, or innovating in emerging technology
sectors, we are confident that the skills and knowledge gained from this project will empower us to make
meaningful contributions and drive positive change in the world around us.