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Engmec1 Lecture 7

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Engmec1 Lecture 7

Uploaded by

Cedric Tang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGMEC1 Lecture 7

Friction
FRICTION
• The resistance to motion between two bodies in contact
with each other.
• It is a retarding force, always acting opposite to the motion
or the tendency to move.
• It exists primarily because of the roughness of the contact
surface.
2 Types of Friction
• Dry friction – applies to dry, unlubricated surfaces of solid
bodies in contact
• Fluid friction – occurs between layers of fluid moving in
different velocities
LAWS OF DRY FRICTION
• If friction is neglected, the reactions are
normal to the surfaces in contact.

• Friction always acts to oppose the


relative motion of the free body (or its
tendency to move). It is tangent to the
surfaces in contact.
• The frictional resistance, F is directly
proportional to the normal pressure, N.

• In equation: F  N
where μ = coefficient of friction
N = normal force
F = maximum available frictional
resistance when motion is impending.
• If static friction is acting, the value of the friction
force vary from zero to its maximum value.
(Static Friction) Fs  s N

• If motion occurs, Fk  k N (kinetic friction)



R
• The angle between the total reaction, R and its normal
component, N is called the angle of friction.
F
tan  
N
• The tangent of the angle of friction is equal to the coefficient
of friction, μ
tan   
Exercise 1

The 500 N block on an incline is acted


upon by a force P at an angle from the
horizontal. The coefficient of static
friction is 0.25. If θ = 0, compute the value θ
of P necessary to:
a) just start the block up the incline.
b) just prevent motion down the incline.
Exercise 2
Body A has weight of 80kN. The coefficient of friction between A and B is 0.30
and between B and D is 0.20. Determine the minimum force P to pull out the
100 kN block B and the tension in the cord.
Exercise 3
Two blocks A and B weighing 200 N and 300 N, respectively are connected
to each other by a cord as shown. Block A rests on a horizontal plane while
block B is on an incline that makes an angle of 30o to the horizontal. If the
coefficient of friction for all contact surfaces is 0.10, determine the value of
P that will start motion of the blocks.
APPLICATION OF FRICTION IN
MACHINE ELEMENTS

• WEDGES are used to make small


adjustments on machine parts
and position.
Exercise 4
Determine the minimum weight of block B that will keep it at
rest as a horizontal force P starts the motion of block A, which
weighs 400 N. The angle of friction between block A and B is 20o
while the coefficient of friction is 0.20 between block B and the
surface in contact.
Exercise 5
Determine the force P required to impend upward motion of
the 500-kN block if the coefficient of friction of all contact
surfaces is 0.364
BELT FRICTION
• Belt friction is the frictional resistance developed between belt
and the driving or resisting surface with which it is in contact.

R
• The frictional resistance is not constant nor does it
even increase linearly, rather it increases exponential
fashion.

T2 = driving or active force


(in the direction of
impending motion)
T1 = driven or passive force
• The difference in the belt tensions T2 and T1 caused
by wrapping a belt through a contact angle of β
(radians) results in the following relation:

Where:
T2 
e μ = coefficient of friction
β = contact angle in
T1 radians
ENGMEC1 Lecture 7
Friction

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