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Lecture#4 Steel

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16 views17 pages

Lecture#4 Steel

Uploaded by

salyheenibnasif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Steel

Introduction
Classification
Properties
Manufacturing

LECTURE#4
AR. SADIA ASAD
9 TH O C TO B E R ’ 2 0 24
Introduction
Steel is predominantly used in the construction industry. Developments have been made to make it
more durable and to use coatings to both protect and provide visual diversity to the product range.
Generally, it requires large energy input for their production from raw materials. It can be recovered
from the demolished sites for structural steelwork, steel construction products, reuse or recycling
depending upon its condition. Steel can be produced from the scrap and it can be recycled number of
times without any degradation of material. Although production of steel generates 2,15 tons of carbon
dioxide per ton of steel. However researches have been carried out to reduce the carbon dioxide
emissions.

Steel is a ferrous material. Ferrous materials are those in which the element iron predominates.
The first steel-frame high-rise building of 10 story
was built in 1885 in Chicago by William le Baron
Jenney.

First tall building to be supported both inside and


outside by a fireproof structural steel and metal
frame, which included reinforced concrete. The
building opened in 1885 and was demolished 46
years later in 1931.
STEEL

Stainless
Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Tool Steel
Steel

Classification of Steel
Carbon Steel Wrenches
Carbon steel or plain-carbon steel, is a metal alloy. It is a combination of two
elements, iron and carbon. Carbon steel is an incredibly tough material. Coils

Uses: Smaller products made of low-carbon steel include nails, wires, pipes,
and chain. High-carbon steel, with its even greater durability, is often used
in cutting tools, springs, coils, wrenches, hammers, and other types of tools
and equipment used in the building process. Springs

Nails wires Pipes Chain Cutting tools Hammer


Alloy Steel
An alloy steel is a type of steel combined with more than one element (alloying elements like
chromium, silicon etc.) These alloying elements are added to increase strength, hardness, wear
resistance, and toughness.

Uses: Smaller items such as screws, nails and bolts made of alloy steels are used in the building and
construction industry.

Pipes Rods
Building
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel is an iron and chromium alloy. Stainless steel will have a larger initial
cost. However, it's been shown to have a lower cost over time than other materials
due to its superior durability, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, tensile strength,
and hygienic benefits.

Uses: It's resistance to corrosion makes it ideal to transport chemicals, liquids and
food products.
Tool Steel
Tool steel is any of various carbon steels and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited to be made
into tools and tooling, including cutting tools, dies, hand tools, knives, and others.
Properties of Steel
T h e p ro p e r t i e s t h a t n e e d to b e c o n s i d e r e d b y t h e d e s i g n e r s w h e n s p e c i f y i n g s te e l
c o n s t r u c t i o n p ro d u c t s a r e :

❑ Low weight ❑ Ductility ❑ Toughness ❑ Strength

❑ Durability ❑ Weldability
Manufacture of Steel
T h e p ro d u c t i o n o f s te e l i nv o l v e s a s e q u e n c e o f o p e r a t i o n s W h i c h a r e c l o s e l y
i n te r r e l a te d i n o rd e r to e n s u r e m a x i m u m e f f i c i e n c y o f a h i g h l y e n e r g y i n te n s i v e
p ro c e s s . T h e key s t a g e s i n t h e p ro d u c t i o n p ro c e s s a r e :

* t h e m a n u f a c t u r e i f s te e l

* t h e c a s t i n g o f t h e m o l te n s te e l

* i t s fo r m a t i o n i n to s e c t i o n s & s t r i p s

* c o i l s o f s te e l s t r i p s a r e c o l d - ro l l e d i n to t h i n s e c t i o n s a n d p ro f i te d s h e e t .
Manufacture of Pig Iron
The raw material for the production of iron are iron ore, coke and limestone. Iron ore,

Iron ore Carbon Coke Limestone


Iron ore, coke, and limestone are charged into the
top of the blast furnace.

Hot air blast is fed through the tuyeres into the base
of the furnace.

This heats the furnace to white heat, converting the


coke to carbon monoxide, which then reduces to iron
oxide to iron.

The molten metal is collected into the bottom of the


furnace.

When hot metal is required for the steel making


process it is tapped off into huge ladles for direct
transportation to the steel converter.
Casting
Traditionally, the molten steel is cast into blocks of steel, prior to hot rolling into slabs and then
sheets.

However, mostly steel is directly poured, and cast into billets or slabs, which are then cut to
appropriate lengths for subsequent processing.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0MWzaXvBEw

Start watching from 10:45


Hot-rolled steel
Steel sheet is produced by passing 25 ton hot slabs through a use of computer-controlled rollers
which reduce the thickness to typically between 1,5 and 5mm prior to water cooling and coiling.
This produces the coil sheet. Steel sections such as universal beams and columns, channels and
angles are made from this method.
Cold-rolled steel
Sheet steel is further reduced by cold rolling, which gives a good surface finish and increases its
tensile strength.
Steel products

Nets Steel cables Profile steel sheeting

Perforated steel sheets steel meshes

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