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20 views1 page

Untitled Design

Uploaded by

rosechashoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Properties

Chemical Physical
Properties: Seventh most abundant
- Electronegativity: 0.82 (Pauling scale) element in Earth’s crust,
- Density: 0.86 g/cm³ at 0°C constituting 2.6% of its mass.
- Van der Waals radius: 0.235 nm Atomic number: 19, Atomic
- Ionic radius: 0.133 nm weight: 39.098 u.
- First ionization energy: 418.6 kJ/mol Melting point: 63.28°C.
Boiling point: 760°C.
Reactions: Specific gravity: 0.862 at
- With Air: Quickly tarnishes; burns to form 20°C.
potassium superoxide (KO₂): Oxidation states: +1
K(s) + O₂(g) → KO₂(s) (common), -1 (rare).
Naturally occurring isotopes:
- With Water: Reacts strongly to produce potassium-39, potassium-41,
potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrogen
radioactive potassium-40.
gas (H₂):
Artificial isotopes have been
2K(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H₂(g)
synthesized.
(Faster than sodium, slower than
rubidium)

- With Halogens: Forms potassium halides:


2K(s) + F₂(g) → 2KF(s)
2K(s) + Cl₂(g) → 2KCl(s)
2K(s) + Br₂(g) → 2KBr(s)
2K(s) + I₂(g) → 2KI(s)

- With Acids: Dissolves in dilute sulfuric


acid, producing K⁺ and hydrogen gas:
2K(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) → 2K⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) +
H₂(g)

- With Oxygen: Forms potassium oxide


(K₂O), often found with potassium
peroxide and superoxide.

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