12-11-2024

Fall 2024
United International University

EEE 3205: Power

Systems
Lecture#3:
Some exercises of mediumc
length line

S. M. Lutful Kabir, PhD

Professor, UIU

ABCD Constants of a medium length line

In the last lecture, the expression of Vs and Is were derived, they are as follows:

𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌
𝑉 = (1 + )𝑉 + 𝑍𝐼 . . . . (3) 𝐼 =𝑉 1+ 𝑌+ 1+ 𝐼 . . . (6)
2 4 2

o Equation (3) and (6) provide the expressions of VS and IS in terms of VR and IR,
they can be expressed in general form,

𝑉 = 𝐴𝑉 + 𝐵𝐼 . . . . . . (7) 𝐼 = 𝐶𝑉 + 𝐷𝐼 . . . . . . (8)

o Comparing eqn (7) with (3) and (8) with (6), we can write,
𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌
𝐴 = 1+ 𝐵=𝑍 𝐶 = 1+ 𝑌 𝐷 = 1+
2 4 2
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Show that for medium length line AD-BC=1

𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌
𝐴 = 1+ 𝐵=𝑍 𝐶 = 1+ 𝑌 𝐷 = 1+
2 4 2

𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌
𝐴𝐷 = 1+ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑍 1+ 𝑌
2 4
𝑍𝑌 𝑍 𝑌 𝑍 𝑌
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐴𝐷 = 1+2 + 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑍𝑌 +
2 4 4

𝑆𝑜, 𝐴𝐷 − 𝐵𝐶 = 1

Exercise#1
◇ A 100-mi three phase transmission line delivers 55 MVA, at 0.8 pf lagging at 50 Hz
to the load at 132 kV. The line is composed of Drake conductors with flat
horizontal spacing of 11.9 ft between the adjacent conductors. The series
impedance of line per unit length is (0.1284 + j 0.7276) ohms/mi. And the shunt
impedance per unit length is 0.1715 Mohm-mi. Assume a wire temperature of
500C. Determine
(a) the series impedance and shunt admittance of the line.
(b) the ABCD constants of the line.
(c) the sending end voltage, current, real and reactive
power and power factor.
(d) the percent regulation of the line.
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Solution of exercise#1
(a) Series impedance, Z = 100 x (0.1284 + j 0.7276)
= 12.84 + j 72.76 = 73.88∠800.
Y=100 * j /[0.1715 x 106]= j 5.83 x 10-4 mho.
(b) A = D = 1 + ZY/2 = 1 + [73.88∠800] [5.83 x 10-4∠900 ] / 2
= 0.979 ∠0.2190
B=Z= 73.88∠800
C = (1 + ZY/4) Y
= [ 1 + {(73.88∠800) (5.83 x 10-4∠900 )}/4] 5.83 x 10-4∠900
= 5.768 x 10-4∠900 mho
[check: The relation AD-BC = 1 must satisfied]

Solution of exercise-1 (continued)

◇ Load -> 55 MVA, at 0.8 pf lagging to the load at 132 kV
◇ VR,ph=[VR,(L-L)/√3] ∠0 =[132 x 10 /√3]∠0 =76210∠0 volt
0 3 0 0

◇ VA= √3 x VR,(L-L) x IR,L

◇ IR,L = VA/ [√3 x VR,(L-L) ]=55 x 10 /[√3 x 132 x 10 ]

6 3

= 240.56 amp
with angle, IR,L = 240.56∠-36.90 amp =[192.4– j144.3] amp
◇ VS = A VR + B IR = [0.979 ∠0.219 ] [76210∠0 ] +
0 0

+[73.88∠800][240.56∠-36.90 ]
= 88441∠8.080 volt
◇ |VS,(L-L)|= √3 x 88441/1000 kV =153.2 kV

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Solution of exercise – 1 (continued)

◇ IS = C VR + D IR = [5.768 x 10-4∠900] [76210∠00] +
+[0.979 ∠0.2190][240.56∠-36.90 ]
= 212 ∠-27.20 amp
◇ θs = [(-27.20) – (+8.080)]=-35.280
◇ Power factor = cos(-35.280) = 0.816
◇ PS= √3 VS IS cos (-35.280)= 45.92 MW
◇ QS= √3 VS IS sin (-35.280)= - 32.49 MVAR
◇ Percent Regulation = (VR, NL – VR, FL) x 100 / VR, FL
◇ =(VS/A – VR, FL) x 100/ VR, FL
◇ = (153.2/0.979 – 132) x 100/132 = 18.55 %

Exercise-2
◇ A 90-mi three phase transmission line delivers a load of 60 MW, at 0.8 pf lagging
at 230 kV. The total series impedance of the line is (23.6 + j 57.07 ) ohms. And the
total shunt admittance is = j 7.145 X 10-4 mhos.
◇ . Assume a wire temperature of 500C. Determine
(a) the ABCD constants of the line.
(b) the sending end voltage, current, real and reactive
power and power factor.
(c) the percent regulation of the line.

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Solution of exercise-2
◇ Series impedance, Z = 23.6 + j 57.07 = 61.75∠67.530 ohms
◇ total line admittance, Y = j 7.145 X 10-4 mhos.
◇ A = D = 1 + ZY/2 = 1 + [61.75∠67.530 ] [7.145 X 10-4 ∠900 ] / 2
◇ = 1+ 0.02205∠157.530 = 1 - 0.0204 + j 0.00845= 0.9796∠0.4940
◇ B=Z= 61.75∠67.530 ohm
◇ C = (1 + ZY/4) Y
◇ = [ 1 + {[61.75∠67.530 ] [7.145 X 10-4 ∠900 }/4] 7.145 X 10-4∠900
◇ = [1+ 0.01103∠157.530] X 7.145 X 10-4∠900
◇ = [1-0.0102+j0.0042] X 7.145 X 10-4 ∠900
◇ = 0.9898 ∠0.24310 X 7.145 X 10-4 ∠900
◇ = 7.0721 X 10-4 ∠90.24310 mho
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Solution of exercise - 2 (continued)

◇ Load -> 60 MW, at 0.8 pf lagging to the load at 230 kV
◇ VR,ph=[VR,(L-L)/√3] ∠00=[230 x 103/√3]∠00=132794∠00 volt
◇ P = √3 x VR,(L-L) x IR,L x pf
◇ IR,L = P/ [√3 x VR,(L-L) x pf]=60 x 106/[√3 x 230 x 103 x 0.8]
= 188.27 amp
with angle, IR,L = 188.27 ∠-36.90 amp =[150.56– j113.04] amp
◇ VS = A VR + B IR = [0.9796∠0.4940] [132794∠00] +
+[61.75∠67.530 ][188.27∠-36.90 ]
= 130015∠0.4940 + 11626∠30.630
= 140191∠2.880 volt
◇ |VS,(L-L)|= √3 x 140191/1000 kV =241.88 kV
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Solution of exercise - 2 (continued)

◇ IS = C VR + D IR = [7.0721 X 10-4 ∠90.24310 ] [132794∠00] +
+[0.9796∠0.4940][188.27 ∠-36.90 ]
= 93.913 ∠90.24310 + 184.42 ∠-36.4060 amp
= -0.3985 +j 93.91 + 148.43 - j109.45 amp
= 148.0315 - j15.54 = 148.84 ∠-5.990 amp
◇ θs = θIs - θVs = [ (-5.990 )- (+2.880)]= -8.870
◇ Power factor = cos(8.870) = 0.988
◇ PS= √3 VS IS cos (-8.870)= 61.61 MW
◇ QS= √3 VS IS sin (-8.870)= -9.61 MVAR
◇ Percent Regulation = (VR, NL – VR, FL) x 100 / VR, FL
◇ =(VS/A – VR, FL) x 100/ VR, FL ={(241.88/0.9796)-230}*100/230=7.22%
◇ = (153.2/0.979 – 132) x 100/132 = 7.11 %
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Home exercise-1

o The ABCD constants of a three phase transmission line are:

𝐴 = 𝐷 = 0.936 + 𝑗0.016 = 0.936∠0.98
𝐵 = 33.5 + 𝑗138 = 142∠6. 4 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
𝐶 = (−51.8 + 𝑗91.4)𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑠

o The load at the receiving end is 50 MW at 220 kV with a power factor of 0.9
lagging. Find the magnitude of the sending end voltage and the voltage
regulation. Assume that the magnitude of the sending end voltage remains
constant.

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Home exercise-2
◇ A 70 mi, single circuit, three phase line composed of Ostrich conductors is
arranged in flat horizontal spacing with 15 ft between adjacent conductors. The
series impedance of line per unit length is (0.0924 + j 0.5314) ohms/mi. And the
shunt impedance per unit length is 0.1209 Mohm-mi. The line delivers a load of 60
MW at 230 kV and 0.8 pf (lagging). Find ABCD constants of the line and using
ABCD constants find the supply voltage, current, real power, reactive power and
power factor at full load. Also find the regulation of the line.

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