Quality Content for Outcome based Learning

Control Flow System

Day 1

Ver. No.: 1.1 Copyright © 2021, ABES Engineering College

 General Guideline
© (2021) ABES Engineering College.

This document contains valuable confidential and proprietary information of ABESEC. Such confidential and
proprietary information includes, amongst others, proprietary intellectual property which can be legally protected and
commercialized. Such information is furnished herein for training purposes only. Except with the express prior
written permission of ABESEC, this document and the information contained herein may not be published,
disclosed, or used for any other purpose.

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 Objective of Control Flow System

To understand the purpose and syntax of decision control statements.

To understand the purpose and syntax of Iterative/looping statements and jump statements.

To develop python programs with conditions and loops.

To apply the knowledge of conditions, loops and jump in solving real time problems.

To create python programs with decision ,looping and jump statements.

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 Topics Covered

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4

2.1 Introduction 2.3 Iterative/ Looping 2.3 Iterative/ Looping 2.4 Jump Statements
2.2 Selection / Statements Statements • Break
Decision control • While loop • Range() • Continue
• Nested While Function
statement
•Simple If statement
loop • For loop 2.5 Else with Loop
• Nested for • While with else
•If Else statement
loop • For with else
•If-Elif statement
•Nested If Else
statement

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 Session Plan - Day 1

2.1. Introduction to Decision Control Statements

2.2. Selection / Decision control statement
• Simple If Statements
• If Else Statements
• If ..elif..else statements
• Nested If Else Statements
• Examples
• Review questions
• Summary

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 Introduction

Control flow of the program is:

The order in which the code of the program executes.

Regulated by:

Conditional statements.
Iterative/looping statements.

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 Contd..
 Conditional statement examples: Based on certain conditions, we take decisions
in our daily life.
• Darkness in the room: Turn on lights. • Weather is Cold: Drink Coffee
• No Darkness: Do Nothing • Weather is not Cold: Softdrink

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 Contd..
 Iterative Looping statements examples: For taking decisions we perform various
actions and repeat the same action many times.

Real Life Scenario:

 Suppose you want to buy a new t-shirt, visit

the shop.
 If you do not found a shirt of your choice, visit
to the new shop.
 Until your desired shirt is found, action is
performed again and again.
 This is called looping.

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 Selection/decision control statements
 It is used to control the flow of execution of program depending upon
condition:

 if the condition is true then the code block will execute

 if the condition is false then code block will not execute.

Real Life Scenario:

Consider the grading system for students:
 Excellent : Above 95%.
 Good: Greater than 80% & less than
equal to 95%.
 Average: Greater than 60% & less than
equal to 80%.
 Below average: Less than 60%

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 Revision of Flowchart

Used for start and stop.

Used for decision making.

Used for input/output.

Used for processing statement.

Connector / flow

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 Flowchart of the grading system

On the basis of the conditions, corresponding block of the

code will be executed or not.

Consider the grading system for students:

 Excellent :Above 95%.

 Good :Greater than 80% &less than equal t 95%.
 Average : Greater than 60% & less than equal to 80%.
 Below average: Less than 60%

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 Types of decision/selection control statements:

 Simple if

 if-else

 if..elif..else

 Nested...if…else

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 Simple if statement
 if evaluates whether a condition is:
True
False.

 if block is executed:
if and only if the value of its condition expression is
true.

Note: As we use curly braces in ‘C’ Language to define the scope of conditions and loops; in
the same manner we use colon (:) and indentation in Python.

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 Syntax of Simple if

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 Examples
 Print whether a number is even or not.
Case-1 : When n is even. Case-2 : When n is not even

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 Examples
 A program to increment a number if it is positive.

Explanation:
 The condition x>0 is True for value of x = 10 so the statements in the block of code will be
executed.
 The statement x = x+1 will increment the value of x by 1 i.e. x = 10 + 1; x = 11 and statement
print (x) will print x value as 11.
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if else Statement
 It checks whether a condition is true or false.

 If a condition is true,

 The if statement executes

 Otherwise, the else statement executes.

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 Syntax of if else Statement

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 Example
 A program to print “Excellent” if marks is greater than 95 otherwise print “Not
Excellent”

Explanation:
 For input 68, condition marks > 95 is False. Therefore, else statement print (“Not Excellent”) is
executed and output will be “Not Excellent”.

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 if..elif..else statement
Extension of the if-else statement

For a multiple conditional statements

 We use if-elif statement.

Note: The conditional expression of if-elif-else are executed from top to bottom in a sequential manner. An elif
statements are known as elif Ladder.

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 Syntax of if..elif..else statement

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 Example

Explanation:
 For input 88, condition marks > 95 is False & control goes to next elif statement (marks>80 and
marks<=95), which is True and statement print (“Good”) will be executed.
 The output will be “Good”.

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 Nested if-else statement

 When an if-else statement is present inside the body of another “if” or “else” then
this is called nested if else.

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 Syntax of Nested if..else statement

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 Example

 A program to take age as input from user and print “You are less than 18” if age is less
than 18, otherwise print “You are above 18”.Also check that age could not be less than 0.
If so then print “Age could not be less than 0”.

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 Example

 A program to take age as input from user and print

 “You are less than 18” if age is less than 18

 otherwise print “You are above 18”.

 Also check that age could not be less than 0.

 If so then print “Age could not be less than 0”.

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 Can you answer these questions?

1. Which one of the following is a valid Python if statement :

A) if a>=2 :

B) if (a >= 2)

C) if (a => 22)

D) if a >= 22

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 3.Which of following is not a decision-making statement?

A) if-elif statement

B) for statement

C) if -else statement

D) if statement

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 4.Predict the output of the following code:

A) No output

B) okok

C) ok

D) None of above

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 5. What is the output of the following code snippet?

A) Launch a Missile

B) Let's have peace

C) 0.3

D)None

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 6. Which of the following is true about the code below?

A) x will always equal 0 after this code executes for any value of x

B) if x is greater than 2, the value in x will be doubled after this code executes

C) if x is greater than 2, x will equal 0 after this code executes

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 Summary

 Control statement are statements that control the flow of execution of statements so that
they can be executed repeatedly and randomly.

 The if statement executes a group of statements depending upon whether a condition is

true or false.

 The if..else statement executes a group of statements when a condition is true;

Otherwise, it will execute another group of statements.

 The if..elif statement is an extension of the if-else statement. When we have multiple
conditional statements, then we use if-elif statement.

 When an if..else statement is present inside the body of another “if” or “else” then this is
called nested if else.

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 Session Plan - Day 2
2.3 Iterative looping Statements
• While loop
• Nested While loop
• Examples
• Review Questions
• Summary

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 Iterative/Looping Statements
Sometimes we need to perform certain operations
again and again.

Real Life Scenario:

 A teacher decide to grade 75 students on the basis of

marks.
 He/she wants to do this for whole class.
 Teacher would repeat grading procedure for each student
in the class.
 This is called iterative/ looping.

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 Types of loops in Python

 While loop

 Nested While loop

 For loop

 Nested for loop

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 While loop

 It is used to repeat a block of code as long as the given condition is true.

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 Syntax of While loop

 Boolean expression is checked first.

 The body of the loop is entered only if the

Boolean expression evaluates to True.

 After one iteration, the Boolean expression

is checked again.

 This process continues until the Boolean

expression evaluates to False.

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 Example

Write a Python Program to print 4 Natural Numbers using i.e. 1,2,3,4 using While
loop.

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 Nested While loop

 Nested while loop is called when we use

while loop inside a while loop.

 We can use any number of while loop inside

a while loop.

 Main while loop as outer while loop and

nested while loop as inner while loop.

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 Syntax of Nested While loop:

 Outer while loop runs m number of times.

 Inner while loop runs n number of times.

 The total no. of iterations would be m*n.

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 Example of Nested While loop:

 Write a program to demonstrate While loop.

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 1. What will be the output of the following code snippet?

Options

A. None

B. Python

C. Ppppp

D. PPPPP

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 2. What will be the output of the following code snippet?

A. 0 1 2

B. 2 3

C. 0 1 2 0

D. None of the above

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 3. What should be the value of the variables num1 and num2 in the code snippet
below if the output expected is 4?

A. 16,6

B. 12,5

C. 8,2

D. 16,2

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 Summary:

 While loop is used to iterate block of codes repeatedly until given condition is
True
 While loop present inside another while loop it is called as nested while loop.
 The nested while loop is while statement inside another while statement.

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 Session Plan - Day 3

2.3 Iterative looping Statements

• Range()
• For loop
• Nested for loop
• Examples
• Review Questions
• Summary

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 Quality Content for Outcome based Learning

Introduction to Iterative/looping
statements:

Ver. No.: 1.1 Copyright © 2021, ABES Engineering College

 Range() Function,
Optional
Optional default value =
Required
default value = 0 +1

range (start value, stop value, step value)

Range() is a built in function in Python

It gives the sequence of numbers.

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 Range Function Example:

range (1,5,1)

 It will generate a sequence starting from value 1 up to value 4

 (5 is not included) and step by 1

 So, the output of the above gives us the sequence 1,2,3,4.

Note: Range()Function returns the range object, you must typecast range function into
collections.

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 Range

 Range () Function with one Program to generate sequence

argument. numbers 0 to 4.

 Single value is considered as the

stop value.

 It means the start value is

considered as 0, and step value is
considered as 1.

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 Range

 Range () with two argument:

Program to generate sequence of numbers
1 to 4.
 This means the start value and stop
value is mentioned.

 The step values is considered as 1

by default.

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 Range

 Range() with three arguments: Program to generate a sequence of

alternate natural number starting from 1
 It has start value, stop value and the
to 12.
step value, all three values are given
inside range ().
 Here first start value is 1, stop value 12
and step value is 2. That’s why the
output is [1, 3, 7, 9, 11].

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 Example

 Write a program to generate a sequence of starting from 10 to 2.

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 For loop
Syntax of For loop:
 For loop is used when we want to
run a part of our program multiple
times.

 It is also used to traverse

sequences in python like lists, tuple
etc.

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 For loop:

Flowchart of For loop:

 In this flowchart the statements

which we want to run multiple times
would keep on running till, we have
elements in the sequence.

 As no element left, it will come out

from loop.

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 Example:
Example1: Example2:
For loop with range function: Table of number 5 is printed using for loop

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 Nested For loop:

 Nested for loop is called when we use for loop Syntax of Nested For loop:

inside a for loop.

 In python we can use any number of for loop
inside a for loop.
 Generally, we call main for loop as outer for loop
and nested for loop as inner for loop.
 If outer loop running m times and inner loop
running n times, then total iterations would be
m*n.

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 Flowchart of Nested For loop:

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 Example

 We have used two for loops.

 Outer loop is running for two

values-0 and 1 and inner loop is
running for three values-0,1 and 2
and total print statements we are
getting 2*3=6.

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 Can you answer these questions?
1. What is the output of the following code snippet??

a. b.

A. N
How many time special character print?
B. n A. 11
B. 8
C. H
C. 10
D. h
D. 6

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 3. Which of the below programs will print all integers that aren’t divisible by
either 2 or 3 and lies between 1 and 50?

A. B.

C. D.

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 Summary:

 Range function () returns a sequence of numbers.

 A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a
tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).

 Nested for loop allows us to create one for loop inside another for loop.

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 Session Plan - Day 5

2.4 Jump statements

• Break
• Continue

2.5 Else With Loop

• While with else statement
• For with else statement
• Examples
• Review questions
• Summary

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 Jump Statements

 It is used to :-
 Jump, skip or terminate the iteration or loop from the running program
 Interrupt loops
 Also known as early exit from loop.
 Jump statements are of two types:-
 Break
 Continue

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 Break

 It terminates the execution of loop immediately

 Execution will jump to the next statements.

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 Syntax

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 Example

Explanation :-

 when value of I would be 3 break

statement will be executed and
loop will be terminated and control
moves outside the while loop to
print “All done”.

 If there would have no break, then

loop would had run for i=1 to 4.

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 Continue

 It is used to :-
 Skip ongoing iteration

 continues remaining iterations of loop.

 Jump to the next iteration by skipping the existing one.

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 Syntax

Note: In break statement,

the whole loop will end; and
in continue statement, only
the specific iteration will end.

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 Example

Explanation:-
 The continue statement will
interrupt the on-going iteration
for i=3 and skip all the
statements of current iteration
which are mentioned after the
continue statement like print(i).
 The control goes back to the
while loop for next iteration and
loop moves on.

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 Else with Loop

 While with else statement

 For with else statement

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 While with else Statement

In python the while statement may have an exceptional else clause.

If the condition in the while loop evaluates to

False, the else portion of the code runs.

 if break statement is used in while loop then

else section is not taken into consideration.

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 Flowchart of While with else loop

The else clause will be executed

when the condition becomes False
and the loop runs normally.

The else clause, on the other hand,

will not execute if the loop is
terminated early by a break or
return statement.

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 Example

 Without Break Statement

 While loop will execute normally up to a given condition. No early exit is there so else block
will be executed.

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 Example

 With Break Statement

 While loop will get terminated when value of condition variable = 3, So else
block will not be executed.

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 For with else statement

Python allows else with for loop.

 When all the iteration of for loop

are finished normally, then control
goes to else part.

 If loop has a break statement, then

.
else part would not execute.

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 Syntax of for with else

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 Flow chart of for with else

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 Example

 Program to demonstrate for loop with else.

.
 For loop has been used with else, we can clearly see that, first all the elements
of sequence get executed and when all values from 0 to 4 gets printed, control
goes to else part of the program.
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 Example

 Program to demonstrate for loop with break and else.

.
 We have used break statement with the condition for i=5, so in the output we
are getting values from 0 to 4 and then no else part executed.

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 Example

 Write a program to search a given color name in list of colors. Use Linear/Sequential Search
Techniques.

Test case - 1 For the input value ‘Blue’, output will be –

Enter the color name to be search Blue

Color name Blue found in list

Test case - 2 For the input value ‘Yellow’, output will be –

Enter the color name to be search Yellow

Color name not found in list

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 Example

 Write a program to find a given number is prime or not. A number is prime number if it is
divisible only by itself and 1.
Approach:

 Every number is divisible by 1 and itself, so

in the below code we check that a given
number is divisible by 2 to n-1 or not.

 If divisible means not a prime number Test case - 1 For the input value 11, output will be –
otherwise a prime number. Enter any positive number11
11 is a prime number

. Test case - 2 For the input value 12, output will be –

Enter any positive number12
12 is not a prime number

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 Note:

expression f"{n}" is used to create a formatted string, often referred to as an f-string.

It is a way to embed the value of the variable n within a string. Here's how it works:
•The f character before the opening double-quote indicates that this is an f-string.
•Inside the string, you can place curly braces {} that enclose a
• Python expression or variable name.
•it's {n}, which means you want to
• insert the value of the variable n into the string.
For example, if n is equal to 42, then
f"{n}" would result in the string "42".
It effectively converts the value of n to a string and includes it within the string.

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 Can you answer these questions?
1:-what will be the output of following code:-

A) 0 B) 0 C) 0 D) NONE
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7
BREAK

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 2:- What will be the output of following code:-

A) 0 B) 0 C) 0 D) NONE
1 1
1 2
2
2 3
4
3 4
5
4 5
5 6
continue continue

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 Summary

 Jump statements in python are used to alter the flow of a loop like you want to
skip a part of a loop or terminate a loop.

 Break Statement in Python is used to terminate the loop.

 Continue Statement in Python is used to skip all the remaining statements in the
loop and move controls back to the top of the loop.

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 References

 https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html

 Think Python: An Introduction to Software Design, Book by Allen B. Downey

 Head First Python, 2nd Edition, by Paul Barry

 Python Basics: A Practical Introduction to Python, by David Amos, Dan Bader,

Joanna Jablonski, Fletcher Heisler

 https://fresh2refresh.com/python-tutorial/python-jump-statements/

 https://tutorialsclass.com/python-jump-statements/

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 Thank You

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