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CHP 8 Programming

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CHP 8 Programming

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8 Programming

Getting started
There is plenty of information about getting started using an IDE. Remember you will be writing
programs in console mode. Here are some examples.

Python using IDLE

http://web.mit.edu/6.s189/www/handouts/GettingStarted.html
https://sites.physics.utoronto.ca/comp-physics/manual/tutorial-part-1-first-steps-with-idle-and-python

Java using BlueJ

https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~scottm/cs307/handouts/BlueJProjectInstructions.html
http://cs.carleton.edu/faculty/jondich/courses/cs117_w02/labs/lab1.html

Visual Basic using Visual Studio

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/ide/quickstart-visual-basic-console?view=vs-2019
https://www.ict.social/vbnet/basics/visual-studio-and-your-first-vbnet-console-application
Action: check out one of the links for your chosen programming language (tick when complete).
Action: find and watch a YouTube video for using your chosen programming language in console
mode (tick when complete).

1 Identify and describe three basic data types.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

2 a In your chosen programming language write a prompt and input statement(s) to enter
three whole numbers.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
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8 Programming

b In your chosen programming language write statement(s) to assign the values, 10, 20 and
30 to three variables.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

c In your chosen programming language write a message and an output statement to

display three whole numbers that have been stored.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

d In your chosen programming language, using your answers to a, b and c above, write and test a
program that assigns three user-input numbers to three variables and displays the values; then
assigns numbers to the same three variables and displays the values. You may need to declare
the variables used to store your numbers. Write or paste a copy of your program here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
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8 Programming

3 a In your chosen programming language write a statement to only accept a parcel

between 0.5 and 5.0 kilograms.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b In your chosen programming language write a statement to only accept a menu choice
that is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

c In your chosen programming language write and test a program that:

i accepts parcels between 0.5 and 5.0 kilograms in weight

ii displays a menu of options for the cost of sending the parcel

Options
iii calculates and outputs the cost
1 Guaranteed next day delivery before noon
– option 1 weight times $10 plus $1
– option 2 weight times $10 2 Guaranteed next day delivery
– option 3 $5 3 24-hour delivery
– option 4 $4 4 48-hour delivery
– option 5 $3
5 3–5 days delivery

Write or paste a copy of your program here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

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8 Programming

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
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8 Programming

d Test your program with the following test data and complete this table.

Test data Expected output Actual output

0.4

5.1

í1

0.5 Option 1

0.5 Option 2

0.5 Option 3

5 Option 1

5 Option 2

5 Option 4

1 Option 5

4 Describe each program concept and give an example in a programming language.

a Counting:

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b Iteration:

...........................................................................................................................................................................

c Selection:

...........................................................................................................................................................................

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8 Programming

d Sequence:

...........................................................................................................................................................................

e String handling:

...........................................................................................................................................................................

5 Put the following pseudocode statements in the correct order for this algorithm.
Make sure that you indent each statement correctly.

// Algorithm to input ten positive numbers and total them, output the total and then
// average
A ← 0
A ← A + C
B ← 0
B ← B + 1
D = A / B
DECLARE A, B, C, D : INTEGER
DECLARE D : REAL
INPUT C
OUTPUT A, D
OUTPUT "Please enter a positive number "
REPEAT
REPEAT
UNTIL B = 10
UNTIL C > 0

.................................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................................
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
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8 Programming

.................................................................................................................................................................................

6 a In your chosen programming language write a program for an improved algorithm for
Question 5. Your program must use:
» meaningful variable names
» appropriate prompts and messages
» relevant comments.

Write or paste a copy of your program here.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

b Test your program with this test data:

4, 3, 7, 6 ,0, −3, 9, 1, 8, 5, 2, 5

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8 Programming

Show your results in this trace table.

7 a Choose two different types of loop structure.

For each one, write and test a program to output the names of eight students that have
been stored in the array Student[0:7]. Use the variable Counter for the iteration.

b Extend one of your programs to work for any number of students, outputting the
list of students and number of students in the array.

Write or paste a copy of your program here.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
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8 Programming

8 a Write pseudocode statements to perform the following string handling operations on

the variable MyString.

Find the length ..............................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Convert to upper case ...................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Convert to lower case ...................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Find the first character .................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b In your chosen programming language write a program to perform the four string
operations from part a. Test your program with the string "Test String" stored in
the variable MyString. Write or paste a copy of your program here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Photocopying prohibited Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook
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8 Programming

9 a This pseudocode statement performs a calculation:

A ← ((B + C – D * E) ^ F) / G

Write this statement in your chosen programming language.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b This pseudocode statement uses a nested IF and performs a logical operation:

IF (A = B) OR (C <> D)
THEN
A ← 0
ELSE
IF (A > B) AND (C = D)
THEN
B ← 0
ENDIF
ENDIF

Write this statement in your chosen programming language.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
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8 Programming

c Write pseudocode statements to use a nested FOR .. NEXT loop to output the
numbers 1 to 10 twenty times.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

d Write and test a program to use a nested FOR .. NEXT loop to output the
numbers 1 to 10 twenty times. Write or paste a copy of your program here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

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8 Programming

10 Use the following list of words and phrases to complete the paragraph below.

Each word can be used once, more than once or not at all.
» called » local
» code » parameters
» constant » procedures
» defined » program
» functions » return
» global » value

Tasks that are repeated many times in an algorithm make use of .............................................. and

.............................................. . Use of these can reduce the size of a .............................................. .

Procedures and functions are .............................................. once and .............................................. many times.

They can be written with and without .............................................. . They are the variables that store the

values passed to a procedure or function.

Functions always .............................................. a .............................................. and the value can be used on

the right-hand side of an assignment statement.

A variable that can be used in any part of a program is called a .............................................. variable.

A variable that is declared within a procedure or function is called a .............................................. variable.

11 a Describe the purpose of a library routine.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b Identify four library routines that you need to be able to use for IGCSE.

1 ......................................................................................................................................................................

2 ......................................................................................................................................................................

3 ......................................................................................................................................................................

4 ......................................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
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8 Programming

c Write and test a program that uses library routines to create two random integers with
values between 10 and 20, finds the quotient and remainder of the first integer divided
by the second, and outputs all four values with suitable messages. Write or paste a
copy of your program here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

12 a Explain the meaning of the following terminology.

Array: ...............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Array dimension: ............................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Array index: ....................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b Write a procedure in pseudocode to display the contents of a three by three array that
stores the current state of a noughts and crosses game. The display should look just like
a noughts and crosses game, using 'X's and 'O's on three separate lines.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Photocopying prohibited Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook
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8 Programming

c Write a program that uses a procedure to display the contents of a three by three array
that stores the current state of a noughts and crosses game. Test the program with
this data. Each row must start on a new line. Write or paste a copy of your program here.
Here is an example of what might be displayed on screen:
O
X
X O

...........................................................................................................................................................................

13 a Explain the purpose of using files to store data.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b i Write pseudocode statements to store the word 'Test' in the file 'MyFile.txt'.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
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8 Programming

ii Write pseudocode statements to read and display the word stored in the file 'MyFile.txt'.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

c Write a program to store the word 'Test' in the file 'MyFile.txt', then read and display
the word stored in the file 'MyFile.txt'. Write or paste a copy of your program here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

14 a Write a program to ask a user if they want to:

1 Enter a new password
2 Check their password
3 Change their password
4 Quit

The program should call an appropriately named procedure or function for each option. It
should also include a loop that only stops if option 4 is selected.

Photocopying prohibited Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook
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8 Programming

Write or paste a copy of your program here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

b Write a procedure or function for option 1 from the program in part a to input a word to use for
a password. It should check the following about the word:
» It is between 10 and 20 characters in length.
» It does not contain any spaces.
» It contains at least one uppercase letter.
» It contains at least one digit between 0 and 9.

The procedure or function should output suitable error messages if the password does not meet
each of these conditions. Write or paste a copy of your procedure/function here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
51
8 Programming

Test your program with the following test data and complete this table.

Test data Expected output Actual output

Password

Password99

password99

Password99!

ExtraLargePassword9999999

c Extend your code from part b to store a valid password in the file 'MyPassword.txt'.

Write or paste a copy of the extension to your procedure/function here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

Photocopying prohibited Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook
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8 Programming

d Write another procedure or function for option 2 from the program in part a to input a
password and check that it matches the password stored in 'MyPassword.txt'. Write or paste a
copy of your procedure/function here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

e Write another procedure or function for option 3 from the program in part a. It should ask the
user to enter the current password and check that this is correct (i.e. matches the one stored
in 'MyPassword.txt') before allowing them to change their password. The new password should
match all of the requirements of a password listed in part b. (HINT: It is possible to call one
procedure or function from within another procedure or function.) Write or paste a copy of your
procedure/function here.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook Photocopying prohibited
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8 Programming

15 Write and test a program that uses a two-dimensional array, Game[]to store the moves
in a noughts and crosses game. The program should meet the following requirements:
» Start each game with an empty array.
» Allow two players to input their moves in turn; the contents of the array are displayed
before and after every move.
» One player can input O and the other input X; no other moves are allowed, and no move
can use a space in the array already occupied.
» After every move the program should check for a completed line of three Os or three Xs,
and if found output the winner of the game.
» Use procedures and parameters.
» Include comments to explain how your code works.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

Photocopying prohibited Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Computer Science Algorithms, Programming and Logic Workbook
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