TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT’S BASED INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) 400level

UNDERTAKEN AT
DEVCOST ASSOCIATES
NO 146 WETHEDRAL OWERRI

PREPARED BY

EKEOCHA IHECHI GABRIEL

REG NO
20191168534

FACULTY OF
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OFTECHNOLOGY, OWERRI
IMO STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN
QUANTITY SURVEYING, FEDERAL
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,
OWERRI ,IMO STATE.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to acknowledge the contributions and advice of the following person
which helped in the realization of this programme. The head of Department of
Quantity Surveying, Dr R.A UGULU who made sure we got all relevant materials
and documents for SIWES. To my course lecturers, QS Anthony, Mrs Nnolum I
thank you all.

I am grateful to my industry based supervisor PROF EMEKA NWOSU for taking

me on and exposing me to little details. Many thanks to Devcost Associates for
accepting me.
I would like to also appreciate the other colleagues in the establishment, Thank you
all for providing assistance when I needed it.
Finally I thank all my course mates for their assistance.

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 ABSTRACT

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme(SIWS) Was Established By The

Federal Government Of Nigeria In 1971. This Was In Response To The Need To
Achieve The Much Needed Technological Advancement As It Has Been Shown
That There Is Positive Correlation Between A Country's Level Of Economic And
Technological Development And Its Level Of Investment In Manpower
Development. The Report Serves As My Personal Experience During The Period
Of My Training At Devcost Associates. The Experience Gained Covered Quantity
Survey Activities In A Construction Site. The Overall Activities In The
Organization Include Construction Of Buildings, Supply And Installation Of High
Quality Finishing Furnishings Like Marble, Granite, Leather Furniture. All
Experience I Acquired During my IT are Communicated In This Report.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………..1
ACKNOLOAGEMENT………………………………2
ABSTRACT………………………………………….3
TABLE OF CONTENT……………………………….4
CHAPTER ONE……………………………………..5-7
INTRODUCTION TO SIWS
Objectives
Benefits of IT
CHAPTER TWO……………………………………8-12
Historical development of quantity surveying
Brief history of quantity surveying
Roles of a quantity surveyor
CHAPTER THREE……………………………….13-15
Company’s profile
Company’s organizational chart
CHAPTER FOUR……………………………..15-21
Learning experience acquired
CHAPTER FIVE……………………………….22-24
Conclusion
Challenges
Recommendations

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 CHAPTER ONE

Introduction to Student’s Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)

The Student’s Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a Skills Training
Programme designed to expose and prepare Students of Universities, Polytechnics,
Colleges of Technology, Colleges of Agriculture and Colleges of Education for the
Industrial Work situation they are likely to meet after graduation. Industrial
Training (IT) is a planned, supervised, occupational experience training
programme which calls for total dedication to duty, positive work attitude, honesty
and self-confidence on the part of the students who are adjudged the major
beneficiaries of the programme. The scheme also affords students the opportunity
of familiarizing and exposing themselves to the needed experience in handling
equipment and machinery that are usually not available in their institutions.
Before the establishment of the scheme, there was a growing concern among our
industrialists that graduates of our institutions of higher learning lacked adequate
background studies preparatory for employment in industries. Thus, the employers
were of the opinion that the theoretical education going on in higher institutions
was not responsive to the needs of the employers of labour. It is against this
background that the rationale for initiating and designing the scheme by the Fund
during formative years 1973/74 was introduced to acquaint students with the skills
of handling employers’ equipment and machinery.
The ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative years. But as the financial
involvement became unbearable to the Fund, it withdrew from the scheme in 1978.
The Federal Government handed over the scheme in 1979 to both the National
Universities Commission (NUC) and National Board for Technical Education
(NBTE). Later the Federal Government in November 1984 reverted the
management and implementation of the scheme to ITF and it was effectively taken
over by ITF in July 1985 with the funding being solely borne by the Federal
Government.

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 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
The Industrial training funds policy document no. 1 of 1973, which established
SIWES outline the objectives of the scheme. Specifically, the objectives of
SIWES are to:
1. Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire
Industrial skills and experience in their course of study which are restricted to
Engineering, Technology, Environmental Science Studies and other courses that
may be approved.
2. Prepare students for the industrial work situation they are to meet after
graduation.
3. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and
machinery that may not be available in their institutions.
4. Make the transition from school to world of work easier, and enhance students'
contacts for later job placement.
5. Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work
situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.
Mission of SIWES
SIWES is charged with the responsibility of promoting and encouraging the
acquisition of skill, commerce and industry, with the view to generating a pool of
trained indigenous manpower sufficient to meet the need of the economy SIWES is
aimed at developing the human resources of the nation. It builds the nation’s work
force to promote the economy of a nation.
Vision of SIWES
The vision of SIWES is to prepare students to contribute to the productivity of
their nation. Students’ Industrial Work-Experience Scheme a skill training and
competence building intervention for students of tertiary institutions – has the
potentials of increasing the scope and variety of technical skills in the common
pool or general stock available for the industrial development of Nigeria Therefore,
harnessing the potentials of SIWEs for Industrial, technological and economic
development, however, demands that the three major SIWES stakeholders or actors

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(students, institutions and employers) be empowered to fully participate and
cooperate with one another in implanting the scheme. While such cooperation
requires that, the three actors share the same information on all basic aspects of
SIWES.

Benefits of Industrial Training to Students

The major benefits accruing to students who participate conscientiously in

industrial training are the skills and competencies they acquire. This is because the
knowledge and skill acquired through training by students are internalized, and it
becomes relevant, during job performances or functions. Several other benefits
include:
1. Opportunity for students to blend theoretical knowledge acquired in the
classroom with practical hand-on application of knowledge required to perform
work in industry.
2. Exposes students to the working environment, ie to enable them see how their
professions are organized in practice.
3. Prepares students to contribute to the productivity of their employers and
nation's economy
4. Provision of an enabling environment where students can develop and enhance
personal attributes such as critical thinking, creativity, initiative, resourcefulness
leadership, time management, presentation of skills and inter-personal skills

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 CHAPTER TWO
Historical Development of Quantity Surveying

The earliest quantity surveying firm of which records are available operated in
1875 in Reading, England. A number of Scottish quantity surveyors met in 1802
and produced the first method of measurement. Up to the middle of the nineteenth
century, it was the practice to measure and value the building work after it had
been completed and bills of quantities were not prepared. The need for quantity
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surveyor became evident as building work increased in volume and building
owners became dissatisfied with the method adopted for settling the cost of the
work
In the seventeenth century, the architect was responsible for the erection of
buildings as well as their design and he employed a number of craftsmen who
performed the work in each trade. On completion, each craftsman submitted an
account for the materials used and labour employed on the work.It later became the
practice for many of the craftsmen to engage surveyors or measurers to prepare
these accounts. One of the major problems was to reconcile the amount of
materials listed on invoices with the quantity measured on the completed job.
Some of the craftsmen's surveyors made extravagant claims for waste of materials
in executing the work on the site and the architects also engage surveyors to
contest these claims.
General contractors became established during the period of industrial revolution
and they submitted inclusive estimates covering the works of all trades.
Furthermore, they engaged surveyors to prepare bills of quantities on which the
estimates were based. As competitive tendering became more common, the general
contractors began to combine to appoint a single surveyor to prepare a bill of
quantities which all contractors priced. In addition, the architect on behalf of the
building owner usually appointed a second surveyor who collaborated with the
contractors surveyor in preparing bills of quantities, which was used for tendering
purposes In later years, it became the practice to employ one surveyor only, who
prepare an accurate bill of quantities and measured any variations that arose during
the progress of the job. This was the origin of the "independent and impartial
quantity surveyor as he operates today.
Quantity surveying is an applied science. It is a multi-disciplinary profession
requiring the practitioner to be knowledgeable in project designs, formulation,
construction, and project management. The recurring decimal in quantity surveying
is cost.It is highly desirable that the quantity surveyor should be involved in the
planning and design stages of a project

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 Brief History of Quantity Surveying in Nigeria

The Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyor (NIQS) was founded in 1969 by a

group of Nigerian who were trained, qualified and practiced in the United
Kingdom but who upon returning to Nigeria sensed an urgent need to develop the
profession of quantity surveying in Nigeria, by establishing a parallel body to the
Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) of United Kingdom Though the
institute was formally registered under the “Land Perpetual Succession Act in
1970, it has within its existence grown from strength to strength
In 1986, the Federal Government of Nigeria officially recognized the Institute
through “Decree
No. 31 of 12th December 1986” titled Quantity Surveyors (Registration etc) Decree
1986.
Section 1 of the Decree empowers the Board so established with the general duty
which includes among others:
1. Determining who are quantity surveyors;
2. Determining what standards of knowledge and skills are to be attained by
persons seeking to become registered as quantity surveyors;
3. Establishment and maintenance of a register of persons entitled to practice as
quantity surveyors and the publications from time to time of lists of those
persons;
4. Regulating and controlling the practice of the quantity surveying profession
in all its aspects and ramifications.
Others include:
1. To provide a platform or forum for meeting and discussing matters of mutual
interest to quantity surveyors in Nigeria and to preserve and further the
interest of quantity surveyors

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 2. To promote and stimulate the improvement of the technical and general
knowledge of persons engaged in the profession of quantity surveying.
3. To organise continuing education and professional training of those seeking
to become professional quantity surveyors and assist and procure its
members to be registered by the Quantity Surveyors Registration Board of
Nigeria (QSRBN),
4. To undertake research study and to collate information from any quantity
surveying bodies from any part of the world on the latest developments and
technologies in the practice of quantity surveying and to make available such
information to its members.
5. To cooperate with the QSRBN in training of quantity surveyors and
regulating and controlling the practice of quantity surveying in Nigeria.

The Quantity surveyor and His/Her Duties

The quantity surveyor is essentially an expert on construction cost and construction

contracts whose prime task is to ensure that the project is kept within budget and
that the client gets value for money. Although the quantity surveyor is employed by
the client and is part of the architect’s team, he must have a close relationship with
the contractor during construction. He must ensure that in his valuations of
payments due to the contractor, he remains impartial to both the client and the
contractor and so produce harmony in his role as project accountant

Duties of the Quantity Surveyor

1. Preliminary Cost Advice

 The quantity surveyor gives practical advice on:
 The likely cost of the scheme - however complicated or unusual it may be.

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  The comparative costs of alternative layouts, materials, components and
methods of construction.
 The likely duration of project.
 The likely cost of future maintenance and operating costs.

2. Cost Planning
Cost planning is a specialist technique used by quantity surveyors, which aims to
help all members of the design team to arrive jointly at practical and efficient
designs for the project and to keep within the budget. Once a realistic estimate is
set from the cost plan, constant monitoring reduces the risk of overspending by
noting problem areas at an early stage and applying prompt corrective action.
3. Contractual Methods
The quantity surveyor can advise on the best type of tendering and the best form of
contract that will best suit a specific project. The quantity surveyor prepares the
documents for obtaining the tenders and arranging the contract.
4. Bill of Quantities
Competitive tendering remains a common basis for selection of contractor and bills
of quantities are fundamental to the process. Bills translate the drawings into a
document listing in detail all the component parts required for a project so that
such contractor can calculate tender prices on exactly the same basis as his
competitors During construction, the bill forms the basis for preparing interim
valuations, pricing of variations and effective cost control.
5. Choice of contractor

The quantity surveyor analyses tenders and makes recommendations to the client
for contractor selection after taking into consideration other factors such as the
contractor's reputation and past performance.

Role of contractor’s Quantity Surveyor

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The duties of a contractor’s quantity surveyor can be very varied, a surveyor
working for a small company may be responsible for all aspects of a project from
inception to completion whereas larger construction firms tend to have specialist
departments for various aspects of contract administration, in which case a quantity
surveyor may find himself working on a specific or limited area of project
administration. The role of a contractor's surveyor can be quite pressurized as they
are frequently responsible for the financial performance of a project and have to
deal with the client's advisers to try and ensure the construction company gets the
best return from the project. At the same time the surveyor is likely to have
extensive dealings with sub-contract organizations that will be carrying out the
bulk of the work and will have to manage their demands for payment, claims and
extras. In this role the quantity surveyor will be trying to maximize his company's
inflow of cash while trying to minimize the outflow, thereby protecting the
contractor's cash flow and hopefully ensuring that the anticipated profit margins
are met. The tasks that may be carried out by a contractor's quantity surveyor are as
follows
1. Review tender documentation, especially checking non-standard forms of
contract.
2. Prepare estimates.
3. Prepare ordering schedules.
4. Place orders for materials and sub-contracts.
5. Prepare and organize bonus schemes.
6. Check bills of quantities for errors and carry out re-measures.
7. Monitor cost control systems.
8. Prepare cost/value reconciliations.

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The following is a summary of the duties carried out by the quantity surveyor
following acceptance of a tender for a project where an architect is responsible for
the supervision and management of the contract. Some of course may not be
applicable to particular projects.
Before work starts on site
1. Arrange for contract documents to be prepared ready for signatures of the
parties
2. Prepare forecast of ‘rate of spend during the construction period and advise
client on anticipated liability for payments on account to the contractor,
giving dates and amounts.
3. Make preliminary arrangements for preparing valuations for payments on
account in consultation with the contractor’s quantity surveyor, analyse
preliminaries and calculate amounts of time-related payments and
percentage rate of cost-related payments; prepare schedule for stage
payments, if applicable.
During construction period
1. Prepare valuations for payments on account at the intervals stated in the
contract and agree with contractor’s surveyor.
2. Plot payments on account on ‘rate of spend’ graph and report to architect on
any significant divergences.
3. Prepare estimates of likely cost of variations on receipt of copies of
architect’s instructions; later measure and value; check and price daywork
vouchers.
4. Advise architect, if requested, on expenditure of provisional sums; measure
and value work carried out by the main contractor against provisional sums
(except where lump sum quotations have been accepted) and adjust contract
sum accordingly.
5. Prepare financial reports for architect and client at the time of interim
payments.

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 CHAPTER THREE

DEVCOST ASSOCIATES COMPANY PROFILE

Devcost associates was established in 1991 as a Quantity Surveying Consultancy

firm. Over the years in response to changing demands of clients and to widen its
market, Devcost expanded their scope of operations to include building
construction interior decorations and supplies,

Devcost Associates enjoys a wide range of clientele from state governments to

MDG's MDA's Universities and Polytechnic. There are also private clients.

As a major player in the real estate and construction industry, Devcost has the
wherewithal to carryout business of construction works, renovation, general
engineering projects, supply and installation of high quality finishing and
furnishing materials like tiles such as marbles and granites, sanitary wares, hydro-
message tubs, steam cabin, leather furniture, water treatment plants, swimming
pools (suspended or basement), motorized gates and doors etc.
Mission Statement

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Devcost will deliver quality services in all areas of its operations with a view of
guaranteeing maximum satisfaction for her clients at all times.
Vision
1. To be the most sought after in our chosen field of endeavour through quality
service delivery
2. To provide world class engineering and architectural finishing for all our
customers and remain our clients delight.
3. To simplify the process of articulating our clients’ concepts by envisioning
their desired goals because we believe that at the level of vision, perception
is clear.
Focus

Our customers shall be our focus, knowing their desires and interpreting their
demands with the mind of realizing their dreams in concrete terms.

Value
In all our transactions, we will strive to let these be our watchwords:
“Transparency, Honesty and Trust”.

LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

1. Concrete mixer
2. Tipper
3. Water tanker
4. Poker vibrator
5. Pneumatic Drill
6. Desktop computers
7. Automatic measuring tape
8. QS softwares

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 CHAPTER FOUR
Learning opportunity and Experience acquired

During my 6-month Industrial Training (IT) placement at [Company Name], I was

exposed to various aspects of building construction. This report highlights the
experience and skills I acquired during this period

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Site Preparation

Site preparation for a construction project refers to the process of preparing the
building site for construction activities.
Site preparation is crucial to ensure a safe, stable, and accessible construction site,
and it lays the foundation for a successful project.
Activities involved in site preparation
Site Clearance – I participated in site clearance operations, including removal of
debris, vegetation, and other obstacles. This experience taught me the importance
of thorough site preparation in ensuring a safe and efficient construction process.

Setting out – Building setting out is a critical process in construction that involves
establishing accurate reference points and benchmarks to guide the construction
process. It is the process of transferring what is in the drawing to the land that will
be built
PROCEDURES INVOLVED IN SETTING OUT USING 3,4,5 METHOD
Principle:
The 3-4-5 method is based on the principle of triangulation, which involves
creating a series of triangles to establish accurate reference points. The method
uses three fixed points (A, B, and C) to create a triangle, and then uses the
dimensions of the triangle to establish additional reference points.

Procedure:
To set out right angles in the field, a measuring tape, two ranging poles, pegs and
three persons are required. The first person holds together, between thumb and
finger, the zero mark and the 12 meters mark of the tape. The second person holds
between thumb and finger the 3 meters mark of the tape and the third person holds
the 8 meters mark. When all sides of the tape are stretched, a triangle with lengths
of 3 m, 4 m and 5 m is formed, and the angle near person 1 is a right angle. Instead

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of 3 m, 4 m and 5 m a multiple can be chosen: e.g. 6 m, 8 m and 10 m or e.g. 9 m,
12 m and 15 m.
PROCEDURES INVOLVED IN SETTING OUT USING BUILDER’S SQUARE
 Find the distance of the site building to the building line on working
drawings.
 Place a peg in the ground at corner A and hammer a nail into the top of the
peg.
 Repeat these steps to place a peg in the ground for corner B.
 The the string between pegs A and B. Measure the distance between A and B
(check that the distance on the ground is the same on the drawing) by
measuring.
 Repeat these steps for corners C and D.
 Measure the diagonals A-D and B-C (the two diagonals should be equal)
 Use the builder’s square to check that the corners are at right angles.

I was able to understand the process involved in setting out, it is the most crucial
stage in building construction and it should be carried out accurately.
Groundwork-I assisted in groundwork operations, including excavation, trenching,
and backfilling. This experience gave me a deeper understanding of the importance
of proper groundwork in ensuring a stable foundation for construction projects.

MASONRY AND CONCRETE WORK

Block Laying: I gained extensive experience in laying blocks for walls, partitions,
and foundations.
I learned to ensure precise leveling, alignment, and spacing of blocks, and to use
appropriate mortar mixes.
I also acquired experience on how to calculate the quantity of block needed
ensuring accurate measurement. Below is the calculation for number of blocks.
Number of blocks= total area ÷ area of 1 block

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For example, width =10m,Length=15m, height= 6m, calculate the quantity of
blocks needed using block size 450mm×225mm
Total area =10*15”6=900m
Area of a block = 0.45*0.23=0.103
No of block = 900÷0.103=8738blocks
Mix ratio is also considered in block work
I also acquired experience in the construction of column base/column, the strength
of the building is considered so the structural details for the column, column base,
lintel, beam and other elements is provided in the structural drawings.
The reinforcement bar type is provided in the structural drawings.
For column base , the surface will be blinded after which reinforcement bars is
placed followed by casting of .
Concrete mix ratio is dependent on the strength of the building.
Lintel*: I participated in laying lintels, understanding the importance of proper
sizing, placement, and levelling. The major function of a lintel is to act as a support
for doors and windows and other openings in the building.
SLAB: A suspended slab is a type of concrete slab that is suspended between
columns or walls, without direct support from the ground.
Process involved
1. Formwork: Installing formwork to create the slab's shape and size.
2. Reinforcement: Placing reinforcement steel bars to provide tensile strength.
3. Concrete Pouring: Pouring concrete into the formwork, ensuring proper
spreading and finishing.
4. Curing: Allowing the concrete to cure and gain strength.
5. Formwork Removal: Removing formwork after curing.

Measurement and preparation of B.O.Q for civil engineering and building works

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Several number of designs were given to me to study, measure (take-off) and
prepare their bill of quantities throughout my stay at quantity surveying department
of this site. This provided me with the opportunity to acquaint myself with diverse
civil engineering and building designs and to learn from the site quantity
surveyors.

Preparation of report (daily, weekly and projected) of works

Site reports are prepared to give an indication about a task, an occurrence or an

event that happened on site. The reports that are usually prepared by the quantity
surveying departments on this site always show the quantity of works that have
been executed within a particular period of time and their associated cost. These
reports include the daily report of works executed on site on a daily basis, weekly
report of cumulative works done within a week, report of works cumulatively done
within four weeks – monthly report as well as the projected reports for works
envisaged to be carried out on site on a weekly and monthly basis.
In preparing the daily report, on-site measurement of works executed is the first
point of call. For instance, the physical measurement taken for works executed on
site today will be used in preparing the daily report very early the next day.
Valuations

Monthly Valuations will be done by the Quantity Surveyor on site, the Project
Manager need to check and agree with the valuation before submission. Monthly
Valuations will cover work done up to the last day of the month. This is to be
agreed and submitted first week of the following month by the Quantity Surveyor
or the Project Manager. The consultant and the client may have queries on the
valuation submitted, any query on any valuations should be directed to the
Quantity Surveyor immediately with no delay, to enable the Quantity Surveyor
defend or correct if need be and re-submission made immediately. Invoice where
requiredshould be raised at head Office with the forwarded invoice draft by the
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Quantity Surveyor with the consent and agreement of the Project Manager. The
invoice should be submitted to the client immediately it is signed by the Chief
Financial Officer.

Materials Management and Inventory Planning

Materials Management is an embodiment of stores management and purchasing

management.

Steps in the management of materials.

Every vehicle coming in with consignments of materials are to be examined at the

gate by the security men. The vehicle number, name of driver, time in, supplier's
waybill number and simple description of the consignment are to be recorded in
the register to confirm entry. In the event of any problem developing later the
register will form basis for investigation.

A designed form is in place for the quality control officer/inspectors where report
of the materials to be inspected for quality examination will be completed.
The forms will reflect the name of supplier, types of materials, date, time of
inspection and name of drivers, among others.
During offloading, a staff of the account or audit section will be in attendance to
Witness the correctness of the goods and he should endorse the waybill Materials
that are packed in bags with irregular shapes can never be of standard weight like
bag of cement are. In this situation, a reliable weighing bridge or scale will be
installed on site. Goods of this nature are ordered in tons and payments are made
based on the number of tons supplied while receiving a consignment of fuel such
as diesel, the specifically calibrated – 4 cardinal stick designed for each of the four

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compartment of a tanker will first be used to confirm loading to the actual level at
the depot. This measurement is confirmed when the vehicle is parked on a plain
ground. This is carried out before offloading and after offloading
Necessary documents such as Goods Receive Note will be prepared to back up the
items received, issued and the supervisors in the store will ensure that the copies
are distributed accordingly and on daily basis.
Consignments of goods being conveyed by company owned vehicles or hired
vehicles are to be loaded in the presence of a security officer, and a representative
of the audit section. The driver is also to witness the loading and he should sign the
delivery note or waybill. Such goods are covered by Goods In Transit insurance.

The responsibility of those receiving materials is in threefold.

• They must ascertain that quantities are in agreement with the advice notes sent by
the supplier, and further, are as ordered. Whilst checking quantity
• They are responsible to see that items are not passed through stores until
examination or inspection as to quality has been carried out

• they must report deliveries, advising quantities and damage, if any, to those
sections of the office concerned with stores and accounts.
Having satisfied himself of the deliveries made, the store-keeper prepares the
company’s standard Goods Received Advice (GRA) in triplicates and appends his
signature. If goods arrived damaged, or not to quality standards, the copy of the
purchase order will be marked accordingly, and the consignment held until
instructions are received from the Purchasing Officer who will take the matter up
with the supplier.
As soon as goods are received the individual material’s Bin Card/Ledger is updated
and all necessary documents passed to accounts for processing.

Storage

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A store no matter the nature or structure is meant to accommodate goods that arrive
at irregular intervals. Stores do not add value to the products but prevent materials
from losing its original value. Actually value is what management pays for when
items are purchased.
For a product like cement, adhesives, etc. We ensure that the store is watertight
enough to prevent the items from getting wet thereby making them to congeal and
unfit for their intended purpose.
The following records are to be maintained for the purpose of recording materials
received and issued, and the balance of materials held in stock.
• Goods Received Advice (GRA)
As we have already stated, the receiving section prepares this document. They
represent goods passed to stores after inspection as to both quantity and quality
Stores Requisition Note (SRN)
These represent authorisation to the Storekeeper to issue materials, spare parts or
other stock items. This may be a simple requisition for a few items signed by the
foreman or they may be in the form of Bill of Quantities signed by the Works
Manager or Production Manager.
• Stores Debit Notes (SDN)
When material is issued in excess of requirement (very rare occasion), the balance
returned to store a store debit note is made.

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 CHAPTER FIVE
Challenges

Students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a laudable skills

acquisition programme which is geared towards technological development of the
nation. However, the scheme cannot be said to have achieved the desired

26
objectives due to many factors ranging from the structural causes of performance
problems, increasing number of students and institutions which place undue
pressure on the few surviving industrial organizations and most students are on
attachment in places of convenience without giving considerations to the relevance
of the workplace to their courseof studies. Also vital company information is
withheld from students which would have been very helpful in the training for
obvious organizational reasons. Some companies do allow students access to some
company’s properties and many students are not fully challenged and therefore not
tested to their full potentials

Conclusion

Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) Project is an effective

instrument for exposing students to the realities of the work environment in
Nigeria especially, and the world in general, in their chosen professions so as to
achieve the much needed technological advancement for the nation. The success of
the scheme is however dependent on the Ministries, Industrial Training Fund,
Institutions, Employers of Labour and the general public involved in the
articulation and management of it. It is pertinent to mention that the scheme is
aimed at promoting the much-desired technological know-how for the
advancement of the nation. This laudable scheme amongst others will surely
develop the much-needed well-skilled and articulated labour force required to
build an indigenous self-reliant economy envisaged for Nigeria. Therefore the
scheme should be given all necessary resources needed for sustenance and growth.

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 Recommendations

It is recommended that

I. Government should devote sufficient financial resources to all levels and

Aspects of education to enhance effective running of educational
programmes especially SIWES.

II. The Universities should be encouraged to establish technological

development centres to translate innovations from staff and students to
Goods and services especially those learnt during SIWES. This will
enableFhem fulfill their basic social needs.
III. The scheme should be re-designed to provide for longer periods for
industrial training to enable students reap from the many inherent
advantages thereto
IV. The ITF should design the programme to enable the trainees collect the
stipend given to them at the end of their SIWES to be monthly so that it can
help the students handle some financial problems during the training and
also afford to undertake useful ventures in their training that requires money
just like it is done in NYSC.
V. The school in collaboration with the Industrial training fund should urge the
federal government to prevail on business establishment to be more
magnanimous in provision of placements for the trainees.
VI. The industrial sector needs to be enlightened on the immense effect or
contribution they have on the educational sector and as such be encouraged
to absorb more industrial trainees..
VII. SIWES students should henceforth be considered as trainees and people of
dignity and prestige and as such not be looked down on as messengers,
slaves or a cheap source of labour. They should be utilized for challenging

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and mind bugging tasks and not for laborious and drudgery duties like is
often inherent within many organizations.

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