Name…………………………………………… Index No………………….

…/………
School………………………………………….. Date …………………………………

451/1
COMPUTER STUDIES
Paper 1
THEORY
July/August 2015
2 ½ Hours

SUPAMOJET
MARKING SCHEME
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

451/1
COMPUTER STUDIES
Paper 1
THEORY
July/August 2015
2 ½ Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

 Write your Name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
 This paper consists of TWO sections: A and B
 Answer ALL questions in section A
 Answer question 16 and any other THREE from section B
 All answers should be written in the spaces provided in the question paper

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 For Examiner’s use only.

Section Question Candidate’s Score

A 1 – 15
16
17
B 18
19
20
Total Score

This paper consists of 10 Printed pages.

Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the
Papers are printed as indicated and no questions are missing

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 SECTION A (40 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section

1. Name four key terms that are used in the definition of a computer. (2 marks)
i. Electronic device.
ii. Input.
iii. Process
iv. Output
2. Differentiate between dynamic storage and auxiliary storage. (1 mark)
Dynamic storage Auxiliary storage
It stores data temporarily it stores data permanently
It is directly accessible by the processor Its not directly accessible by the processor
It has low storage capacity. It has a high storage capacity

3. state the function of toggle keys and give two examples.(2 marks)
A toggle key toggles the input from a group of keys on a keyboard between two
different input modes.
Toggle keys include
1. Caps lock key
2. Numlock key
3. Scroll lock key
4. Insert key
4. The formula =$M30+Q$20 was typed in cell R15 and then copied to cell M24 of a
spreadsheet. Write the formula as it appears in cell M24. (2 Marks)
$M39+l$20.
5. List three types of address registers. (3 marks)
i. Program counter.
ii. Stack pointer.
iii. Index registers H and L.
6. Explain the following terms as used in desktop publishing. (2 marks)(2009)
i. Embedded object.
Is a separate image, object or graphic file not created in the program that is
placed on a file and cannot be edited, it’s permanent
ii. Auto flow.

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 It’s a facility that causes text/cursor to flow automatically from one textbox ir
page to the next when the first textbox/page is full

7. A. The tools below are found on the formatting tool bar identify the tools and their
functions. (2 marks)

They are indenting tools that increase and decrease indent in a page.
B. Describe two section breaks used in word processing. (2 marks)
Section breaks meaning
Next page Insert a section break and starts the new section on the other page
Odd page Insert a section break and starts the new section on the next odd number
page
Even page Insert a section break and starts the new section on the next even number
page
Continuous Insert a section break and starts the new section on the same page

8. I) differentiate between an index and a primary key. (2 marks)

An index is a property of a field that is A primary key is a field that
used to speed up access of data in a uniquely identifies records within a
database. database.
II) State two objectives of normalization. (2 Marks)
i. To reduce repetition of data entries items in a database.
ii. To allow flexibility in manipulating databases.
9. Name the following symbols as used in a system flowchart. (3 Marks)
Tape file

Off page connector

Manual input

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 10. A. Distinguish between sequential and serial file organization. (2 marks)
Sequential file organization Serial file organization
The records are stored in a particular order The records in a file are stored one after the
sorted using a key field; hence, there is a other in the order they come into the file without
relationship that exists between adjacent any particular sequence. The records are not
records and the key fields. sorted in any way on the storage medium, and
there is no relationship that exists between
adjacent records.

B. A computer user is unable to retrieve a file stored in a server in organization state three
reasons why the user will need to contact the network administrator. (3 marks)
 To troubleshoot the network/confirm that the network infrastructure is in good
condition
 To provide password/authentication/confirm that the user is granted appropriate
privilege to access the network
 To confirm that the files exist.
 To confirm that the network services are running.
11. Explain how a MSAU is used to eliminate shortcomings of ring topology in an IBM
token ring. (2 marks)
- It is used for station bypass in the event a station fails.
12. Differentiate between peer to peer and server based network. (2 marks)
Peer-to-Peer network Server-based networks

In this network, all the connected computers In this network, there is usually a Server
are equal & each machine acts as both client that is dedicated to handle files and/or
and Server. This means that, there is no information for clients, make & service
central storage area for information & no requests from network clients, and ensure
dedicated central Server. security of files and directories for them.

13. Define the following terms. (2 marks)

i. Root Directory
It is a special type of directory on each drive represented by a backslash(\) on which
other directories are placed. (1 mark)

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 ii. System file
A file that is concerned with proper working of a computer. They contain
information that is critical to the operation of the computer.
14. State and describe any three areas of artificial intelligence. (3 marks)
i. Expert systems.
This is software designed to make a computer operate at the level of a human
expert in a specific narrow area of specialization.
ii. Natural Language processing.
It is aimed at coming up with programming languages that would make
computers recognize and understand natural languages.
iii. Artificial neural network.
It is the use of electronic devices and software to emulate th cognitive learning
process of the human brain and how it recognize patterns.
iv. Robotics/perception systems.
This the process of coming up with robots that will incorporate perception
systems. i.e sensing devices that emulate the five common sense of a human
being.
15. a. List two programs that can be used by Web Developers. (2mks)
i. HTML
ii. JavaScript,
iii. VBScript
iv. Hypertext Preprocessor
b. Explain three methods of testing the program for errors. (3mks)
a. Dry running is a method of checking a program for errors by making the
corrections on a paper before entering it in the program editor.
b. Use of Test data. This a method where a program can be tested by inputting
a set of values referred to as Test data, to produce predictable output.
c. Use of debugging utilities. Built in utilities in the computer that can be run
during translation to detect any syntax errors in the program.
d. System Test with actual data. This is whereby the new program is run in
parallel with the existing system for a short time so that results can be
compared and adjustments made. In such cases, the system test is made
using actual data.

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e. Structured Walk Through: It is an organized style of evaluating/reviewing a
program by a team of other programmers, which then reports to the
programming team.

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 SECTION B (60 marks)
Answer questions 16 and any other three questions from this section.
16. A club wants to select members to go for a trip. To qualify one has to have paid a
membership fee of 500 and shown a record of being active member of the club.
i. Write a pseudocode for above problem. (6 marks)
START
PRINT “input the name and fees paid of the member”
INPUT Name, Fees Paid.
IF fee is paid THEN
IF Member record is active. THEN
PRINT “Go For the Trip”
ELSE
PRINT “No Trip”
END IF
END IF
STOP
ii. Draw a flowchart to represent the pseudo code above. (5 marks)

Start

Name,
Membership Fee

Yes Yes
Is Go For the
Is
memb Trip
fee
er
pai
active
d?
?
No
No

No Trip No Trip

Stop
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iii. Name any control structure you have used. (2 marks)
IF…THEN..ELSE / selection
iv. Name two 3rd generation languages. (1 Mark)
Pascal,FORTAN,COBOL,BASIC,C,Ada
v. Distinguish between a compiler and interpreter. (1 mark)
Interpreters Compilers
 Translates the source  Translates the entire source code
program one statement at a at once before execution
time  Compiled program can be saved
 Translates the program on storage media, hence executes
each time it is run hence faster than interpreted programs
slower than compiling  Compiled programs require
 Interpreted object code more memory as the objects are
takes less memory larger
compared to compiled
program

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17. The diagram below shows a layout of computers networked to access the internet. Use
the diagram to answer the questions that follow.

i. Name and describe the purpose of the devices labeled A (2 marks)

Firewall- a filters some information from the internet
ii. State two functions of the device labeled server (2 marks)
Providing resources to other devices on the network
iii. Name any three transmission medias that can be used to transmit internet to the
server (3 marks)
Coaxial cable
Fiber optic
Twisted pair cable
iv. Explain any two challenges that can be faced by interior network users (2 marks)
Security and privacy issues
Spread of malicious software
v. Name the network topology used above (1 marks)
Star topology
(b) List three types of data integrity constraints that should be observed in a database

(3 marks)
Referential
Validity
Entity
(c)Describe the following database features (2 marks)
i. Macros

A feature used to automate frequently performed procedures.

ii. Programming module

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It is a feature which automates more complex operations that cannot be achieved using
the macros.

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18. A school organizes its work in directories the directory WP contains the files CATS,
EXAMS and ASSIGNMENTS. The directory SP contains the database files. The
directory PROG is contained in the others directory. The directory WP also contains the
PERSONAL directory. Given that the directory student contains directories SP, DB,WP
and others.
i. Draw the directory tree structure. (7 Marks)

C:

STUDENT

SP DB WP OTHERS

PERSONAL PROG

ii. Write the path at which the contents of the subdirectory DB can be erased or
displayed. (2 Marks)
C:\STUDENT\DB
iii. Write the path for the directory PROG. (2 Marks)
C:\STUDENT\OTHERS\PROG
iv. Give two reasons for storing files in directories and subdirectories. (2 Marks)
1. Better management of files e.g files from one application or
department can be stored in different directories so as not to mix
them.
2. It serves as a table of contents and allows convenient access to files.

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v. Give two advantages of using command driven interfaces as compared to menu
driven interfaces.(2 Marks)
1. The need to recall commands.
2. Can only be used by experts.
3. Commands vary with different systems therefore confusing the
user.

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19. a) Define the following terms.
i. Database. (1 mark)
It’s a collection of data stored for organizational use.
ii. Database management system. (1 mark)
A program used to set up and manage databases.
iii. Relational database. (1 Mark)
A database structure in which data is organized in two dimensional tables
called relations where an element in any one table can be related to another
piece of data in another table as long as they have a common data element.
iv. Network database. (1 Mark)
A database structure where links are used to express the relationships
between different data items, hence forming a network of items.
Access to one item can be through multiple paths and from any item.
b) List the advantages of using an electronic database system for storage of data over the
file approach. (4 Marks)
a. Data is input only once and is made available to many files.
b. Avoid duplication of files.
c. Saving on storage space.
d. Reduction of paper cost.
e. Leads to timely and accurate reporting of data.
f. Leads to improved flow of data that is valuable to management.

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c) Study the spreadsheet below and answer the questions that follow.
A B C D
1 WESTERN
COMPBOOK
CENTER SALES
2 BOOK TITTLE PRICE PER BOOK BOOKS SOLD
3 DBASE IV 400 145
4 LOTUS FOR DUMMIES 460 15
5 OFFICE WORD IN 3 300 65
DAYS
6 LEARN C++ IN 3 DAYS 700 100
7 TEACH YOURSELF 700 200
PASCAL
8 COMPUTER STUDIES 500 300
9 THE CLEVER FOOL 300 10
COMPUTER
10

i) Write down the formula that can be used to find the price of the most
costly book. (1 Mark)
=Max (c3:c9)
ii) Write down the formula that can be used to determine the total sale s for
the book titled COMPUTER STUDIES. (1 Mark)
=b8*c8
iii) Write down the formula that can be used to determine the average price of
the books. (1 Mark)
=Ave (b3:b9)

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 iv) Write down the formula in cell D6 that can be used to find the new price
per book. If they went up by a percentage written in cell B10 and the
formula has to be entered only in cell D3 then copied to other cells.
(1 Mark)
=b6*$b$10
v) Write down the output in D7 if B6 is 10%. (1 Mark)
770
d) State any four advantages of using an electronic spreadsheet as compared to a
traditional worksheet. (2 Marks)
a. leads to improved flow of data that is valuable to the management.
b. Leads to timely and accurate reporting of data.
c. Reduction of paper cost.
d. Saving on storage space.
20. a ) Convert the following hexadecimal number to its decimal equivalence 111 16
(1*162)+ (1*161)+ (1*160)
(3marks)
256+16+1 = 27310

b) Perform the following binary arithmetic.

1. 111112 + 111112 (2 Marks)
= 1111102
2. 110102 - 10102 (2 Marks)
=100002
c) Convert the following binary number 1101.012 to decimal. (2 Marks)

(1*23)+ (1*22) + (0*21) + (1*20). (0*2-1)+ (1*2-2)

8+4+1+0.25=13.2510

d) Using twos complement (2c) subtract 2810 from 1710 in 7 bit form. (3marks)
1710=100012
2810=1011002

1710=00100012
2810=01011002

1st complement=110100112
2nd complement =110101002

00100012 +110101002 = (1)11001012

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e) Using one’s complement (1c) work out the following in 8 bit form. (3marks)
3110-1210
3110 = 111112
1210 = 11002

8 bit
3110 = 000111112
1210 = 000011002

1st Complement of 1210

111100112 + 000111112 = (1)000100102
Add an over flow bit
=000100112

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