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Assignment 2 - Real Analysis

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Assignment 2 - Real Analysis

Uploaded by

vermakhushi1824
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

MA 511- Real Analysis(Aug-Dec 2024)


Assignment 2

1. Show that (X, d) is a metric space, where


(a) X = R2 and d1 : X × X → R is given by d1 (x, y) = max(|x1 − y1 |, |x2 − y2 |, for
x = (x1 , x2 ), y = (y1 , y2 ) ∈ R2 .
(b) X = R2 and d2 : X × X → R is given by d2 = |x1 − y1 | + |x2 − y2 |, for
x = (x1 , x2 ), y = (y1 , y2 ) ∈ R2 .
(c) X denote the set of all sequences of real numbers. Define
∞  
X 1 |xn − yn |
d(x, y) = n 1 + |x − y |
,
n=1
2 n n

where x = {xn }, y = {yn } ∈ X.

2. If d is a metric on a set X, then so is d1 (x, y) = min{1, d(x, y)}. Further, show that
d and d1 are equivalent.

3. Let {xn } be a sequence in a discrete metric space. When does the sequence {xn }
converge?

4. Show that (0, 1] is open as well as closed in the subspace Y = (0, 1] ∪ [2, 3] of R. But
this is not open or closed in R.
nx
5. Let fn (x) = n+x for x ∈ [0, 1]. Show that {fn } is a Cauchy sequence in C[0, 1] with
respect to d∞ metric. Does this sequence converge to some continuous function in
d∞ metric?

6. Let A and B be any subsets of a metric space (X, d). Then show that:
(a) A ∪ B = A ∪ B and (A ∩ B)0 = A0 ∩ B 0 .
(b) A ∩ B ⊆ A ∩ B and A0 ∪ B 0 ⊆ (A ∪ B)0 . Also show that the equality does not
hold in general.

7. Let (X, d) be a metric space and A ⊆ X. Prove:


(a) X − A = (X − A)0 .
(b) X − A0 = (X − A).
(c) ∂A = A − A0 .
(d) A0 ∪ ∂A = A.
(e) A0 ∩ A = ϕ.
(f) A0 = A − ∂A.
where A0 , A and ∂A denotes the interior, closure and boundary of A respectively.

8. Let (X, d) be a metric space. Prove or disprove: If {xn } converges to x and {yn }
converges to y in X, then d(xn , yn ) converges to d(x, y) in R.

9. Show that every Cauchy sequence can have at most one limit point.

10. Prove or disprove the following:


(a) N is complete with usual metric.
(b) [a, b] with (a < b) is complete with usual metric.

11. Show that a compact subset M of a metric space is complete and bounded.

12. Let (X, dX ), (Y, dY ), (Z, dZ ) be metric spaces, and let f : X → Y and g : Y → Z
be two uniformly continuous functions. Show that g ◦ f : X → Z is also uniformly
continuous.

13. Let X and Y be metric spaces and let f : X → Y be function. Prove or disprove
the below statements:
(a) If f is uniformly continuous, then the image of every Cauchy sequence in X is
a Cauchy sequence in Y .
(b) If X is complete and if f is continuous, then the image of every Cauchy sequence
in X is a Cauchy sequence in Y .
(c) If Y is complete and if f is continuous, then the image of every Cauchy sequence
in X is a Cauchy sequence in Y .

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