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Verilog Interview Questions

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Verilog Interview Questions

Uploaded by

Nandakishore BV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Verilog Interview

Questions Day 3
Welcome to the third day of Verilog interview
questions. These questions are designed to help you
prepare for your upcoming interview

by Manikanta Nagalla
1. How does the ~^ operator work?
The ~^ operator, also known as the XNOR operator, performs
a bitwise XNOR operation, which is the opposite of XOR. It
returns 1 if the inputs have an equal number of 1s and 0s at
each position, otherwise it returns 0.

Example :

wire [3:0] a = 4'b1100;


wire [3:0] b = 4'b1010;
wire [3:0] result = a ~^ b; // result will be
4'b0110
2. Explain the ternary operator with an example.

The ternary operator ( ? : ) is a conditional operator


that acts as a shorthand for if-else statements in
Verilog. It has the syntax:

Example:

condition ? true_value : false_value;


3. What does the +: and -: syntax do in bit slicing?

The +: and -: operators are used for indexed part-selects in Verilog,


which allow slicing specific portions of a vector with a defined width.

+: starts at a specified index and moves upward.


-: starts at a specified index and moves downward.

Example:
wire [7:0] data = 8'b10101010;
wire [3:0] slice1 = data[3 +: 4]; // Extracts bits [3:6]
wire [3:0] slice2 = data[7 -: 4]; // Extracts bits [7:4]
Explain the difference between = and <= in Verilog.
In Verilog, = is used for blocking assignments, while <= is used for non-blocking assignments.

Blocking assignment (=): Executes statements sequentially in the order they appear within a block.
When used in an always block, each line is executed one after another, with each line blocking the
execution of the next until it completes.
Non-blocking assignment (<=): Allows statements to be evaluated concurrently within an always
block, making it ideal for sequential logic. Each line in the block is evaluated simultaneously,
making it suitable for modeling clocked registers.

Example:

always @(posedge clk) begin


a = b; // Blocking
c <= d; // Non-blocking
end
5. Why is it beneficial to avoid latch inference in
combinational logic?

To avoid latch inference, ensure that all possible input


conditions are specified in combinational always
blocks and avoid leaving outputs undefined under any
condition.

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