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UTS Chapter 1 LESSON 3

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9 views2 pages

UTS Chapter 1 LESSON 3

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dcalbarracin09
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MIDTERM

LESSON 3: THE SELF AS COGNITIVE CONSTRUCT


A lot of people say….”I am who I am”. “If you are whop you are, then who are you that makes you who
you are?”

There are various definition of the “self”. According to Jhangiani and Tarry…Self is the sense of
personal identity and who we are as individuals.

William James was one of the earliest psychologist to study the self and conceptualized the self as
having two aspects……the “I” and the “ME”. The “I” is the thinking, acting and feeling self. The “ME” is
the physical characteristics as well as psychological capabilities that makes who you are.

Carl Rogers theory of personality also used the same term…the “I”…as the one who acts and
decides……while the “ME” is what you think or feel about yourself as an object.

Concepts similar to the self:


1. Self-identity – composed of personal characteristics, social roles and responsibilities.
2. Self-concept - is what basically comes to your mind when you are asked about who youo are.

Self-schema – this idea is captured by Carl Rogers. Our organized system or collection of knowledge
about who we are.

Diagram:

SELF

Family Hobbies Religion Nationality

Schema may also include your interest, work, course, age, name and physical characteristics among
others.

Several psychologist followed this trend of thought, looking deeper into the mind of the person to
theorize about the self identity, self-concept….one’s personality. Sigmund Freud saw the self, its
mental processes and ones behavior as the results of the interaction between the Id, the Ego and the
Superego.

Id - primary process thinker, so it is primitive, irrational, and illogical. (instinct)


Ego – the self. (reality)
Superego - is our conscience, morals, principals, and ethics. (morality)
According to G.H. Mead, argued that the self is created and developed through human interaction.
There are three reasons why self and identity are social products.

1. We do not create ourselves out of nothing.


2. Whether we like to admit it or not, we actually need others to affirm and reinforce who we
think we are.
3. What we think is important to us may also have been influenced by what is important in our
social or historical context.

Social interaction and group affiliation, are vital factors in creating our self-concept especially in the
aspect of providing us with our social identity or our perception of who we are based on our
membership to certain groups.

Self-awareness – is when we are aware of our self –concept.

Carver and Scheier, identified two types of self:

1. The private self or your internal standards and private thoughts and feelings.
2. The public self or your public image commonly geared toward having a good presentation of
yourself to others.

Self-awareness also presents three self-schema:


1. Actual – is who you are at the moment.
2. Ideal – is who you like to be.
3. Ought self – who you think you should be.

One of the common concepts associated with the self is SELF-ESTEEM. It is defined as positive or
negative perception or evaluation of self.

One of the ways in which our social relationship affects self-esteem is SOCIAL COMPARISON.
According to this theory…we learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behaviors, as well as
our social status. By comparing aspects of ourselves with other people.

Social comparison also entails what is called SELF-EVALUATION maintenance theory, which states that
we can feel threatened when someone out-performs us, especially when that person is close to us.

To increase or maintain self-esteem some people become narcissistic. NARCISSISM is a trait


characterized by overly high self esteem, self-admiration and self-centeredness.

People with high self-esteem are commonly described as outgoing, adventurous and adaptable in a lot
of situations.

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