1a Sajjakulnukit

Priorities for Energy Technology
Development in Asia
Dr. Boonrod Sajjakulnukit

Alternative Energy Expert
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency
Coaltrans conference
14-15 November 2007
The Grand Hyatt Hotel, Jakarta
Outline of Presentation
• Coal Demand
• Drivers and Challenges
• Application of CCTs
• ASEAN Cooperation
• Conclusions
Reference Scenario: World Primary Energy Demand
18 000
Other renewables
16 000 Nuclear
Biomass
14 000
12 000 Gas
10 000
Mtoe
8 000 Coal
6 000
4 000
Oil
2 000
0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Global demand grows by more than half over the next quarter of a
century, with coal use rising most in absolute terms
© OECD/IEA - 2006
Electricity production
(from WETO H2 EC-DGRTD)
World Europe
Increase: 2.8%/year on average Increase: 1.8%/year on average
9000
70000
Renewables
8000
60000 Nuclear
Renewables 7000 Gas
50000 Nuclear 6000 Oil
Gas Coal
40000 5000
Twh
Oil
Twh
30000 Coal 4000
3000
20000
2000
10000
1000
0 0
2001 2010 2020 2030 2050 2001 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
50% from Coal + Gas in 2050

38% from Coal + Gas in 2050
Primary energy consumption: Significant presence of Fossil Fuels in

2050, around 70% in the world, 60% in Europe
FP7 - August 2005 4
Coal Demand in China

Coal Demand in India
India is the third highest coal consumer in the world

and will maintain its position for 40-50 years.
Coal consumption in Asia Pacific
Singapore
New Zealand Other Asia Pacific
0.0%
0.1% South Korea 1.8%
Pakistan 3.1% Thailand
0.2% 0.7% Australia bangladesh
Taiwan
Malaysia 2.9% 0.0%
Philippines 2.2%
Japan 0.4%
0.4%
6.6%
Indonesia
1.5%
India
13.3%
China Hong Kong SAR China

0.4% 66.5%
Proved reserves at end 2006
Source : BP,2006
Coal Demand in ASEAN
• Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and

Vietnam are major coal use in the region
• Future Demand is high
• Indonesia, 10 GW new coal power plant in 2025
• Malaysia, existing 3700 MW and 3500 MW under
construction
• Thailand, 3800 MW and 2800 MW planned
• Vietnam, 15 MT will increase to 78 MT in 2025
• Plan to use CWM in industries
• Interested in CCTs and CTL
Drivers and Challenges
Drivers
• Relatively low and stable price
• Abundantly available
• Energy security
• Energy diversity
Challenges
• Environmental impacts
• CO2, SOx, NOx, and Particulates
• Social acceptance
• High investment cost of CCTs
Application of CCTs
Present
• Existing power plants, PCC with low NOx
burner + FGD
• Few CFB boilers in industries and some small
power plants and gaining more interest
Near Future
• SC power plants planned in several Countries
• Production and use of CWM expanding
• Introduction of CTL
Future Trend
• Higher efficiency CCTs to meet more stringent
emission standards.
• USC, IGCC, ZETs, CCS
Development of SC Plants
Current plant emissions and suggested ZETs

Targets (stack gas concentrations at 6% O2, dry
Source : IEA,2007
ASEAN Cooperation
AFOC
• Strategy 1 - Strengthen Institutional Policy Framework
• Lead Countries: Philippines, Thailand
• Strategy 2 - Promote Clean Coal Technology

• Lead Countries: Thailand, Vietnam
• Strategy 3 - Promote Private Sector Investments

• Lead Countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
• Strategy 4 - Promote Intra-ASEAN Coal Trade

• Lead Countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
• Strategy 5 - Promote Environmental Assessment of Coal Projects

• Lead Countries: Malaysia, Indonesia
AFOC Activities
1. Harmonization of emission standards and
minimum efficiency requirements for power
plants,
2. Establishment of AFOC Coal Price Index,
3. Publication of an expanded AFOC newsletter,
4. Adoption of standard coal nomenclatures and
a single international standard for coal quality
testing,
5. Organization of ASEAN Clean Coal Awards,
6. Organization of study tours, site visits.
Conclusions
• Coal will continue to be a major energy source in
future energy mixed with rising demand.
• Competitive Price, Energy Security and Energy

Diversity are main drivers.
• Social acceptance due to environmental impacts of

coal use and higt investment cost of CCTs are major
challenges.
• Future expanding of coal use depends on how well

governments and coal communities cope with its
emissions and support CCTs CCS development.
Thank you
For more information, http://www.dede.go.th

Generation Mix for PDP 2007, Thailand
GWh
(Classified by Fuel Types)
340,000 Purchase from Neighbor Countries
320,000 Nuclear
Renewable
8%
300,000
8%
Diesel
280,000 8% 9%
Fuel Oil 8% 5%
260,000 3% 3% 3%
Natural Gas 8% 3%
240,000 7% 3%
Imported Coal
220,000 Lignite 7%
7%
200,000 Hydro 7%
6%
180,000
6%
5% 70% 70% 66% 63%
160,000 68% 69%
69%
140,000 73%
74%
120,000 75%
66% 74% 73% 72% 69%
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000 13% 12% 12% 11% 10% 10%

8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 8% 12%
6% 6%
20,000
12% 11% 11% 10% 10% 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5%
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Year

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Priorities for Energy Technology

Dr. Boonrod Sajjakulnukit

50% from Coal + Gas in 2050

Primary energy consumption: Significant presence of Fossil Fuels in

FP7 - August 2005 4

Coal Demand in China

India is the third highest coal consumer in the world

Coal consumption in Asia Pacific

China Hong Kong SAR China

Coal Demand in ASEAN

• Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and

Current plant emissions and suggested ZETs

• Strategy 2 - Promote Clean Coal Technology

• Strategy 3 - Promote Private Sector Investments

• Strategy 4 - Promote Intra-ASEAN Coal Trade

• Strategy 5 - Promote Environmental Assessment of Coal Projects

• Competitive Price, Energy Security and Energy

• Social acceptance due to environmental impacts of

• Future expanding of coal use depends on how well

For more information, http://www.dede.go.th

40,000 13% 12% 12% 11% 10% 10%

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