CBSE Class 10 Science Solution

(Set 3 - 31/1/3 )

SECTION-A

Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four options given
for each of the questions 1-20. There is no negative mark for the incorrect
response.

Ques 1. Select from the following a decomposition reaction in which source

of energy for decomposition is light:

(a) 2FeSO4→ Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

(b) 2H2O→2H2 + O2
(c) 2 AgBr→2Ag + Br2
(d) CaCO3→ CaO + CO2

Solution The decomposition reaction in which the source of energy for

decomposition is light is:
(c) 2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2

Ques 2. When 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added to few pieces of

granulated zinc in a test tube and then warmed, the reaction that occurs
can be written in the form of a balanced chemical equation as:
(a) NaOH+Zn → NaZnO2 + H₂O
(b) 2NaOH+Zn → Na₂ZnO2 + H₂
(c) 2NaOH + Zn → NaZnO2 + H₂
(d) 2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H₂O

Solution The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between

sodium hydroxide solution and granulated zinc, when warmed, is:
(c) 2NaOH + Zn → NaZnO2 + H₂

Ques 3. MnO4HCI → MnCl2+2H2O+Cl2

The reaction given above is a redox reaction because in this case:
(a) MnO2, is oxidised and HCI is reduced.
(b) HCI is oxidised.
(c) MnO2,is reduced.
(d)MnO2,, is reduced and HCl is oxidised.

Solution The given reaction is a redox reaction because:

(c) MnO4 + HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 (MnO4 is reduced.)

Ques 4. Consider the following compounds:

FeSO, CuSO: CaSO: Na-CO,
The compound having maximum number of water of crystallization in its
crystalline form in one molecule is:

(a) FeSO4
(b) CuSO
(c) CaSO
(d) Na CO

Solution The compound with the maximum number of water of

crystallization in its crystalline form in one molecule is:
(a) FeSO4

Ques 5. In a nerve cell, the site where the electrical impulse is converted
into a chemical signal is known as:
(a) Axon
(b) Dendrites
(c) Neuromuscular junction
(d) Cell body

Solution
In a nerve cell, the site where the electrical impulse is converted into a
chemical signal is known as:
(c) Neuromuscular junction

Ques 6. A metal and a non-metal that exists in liquid state at the room
temperature are respectively:
(a) Bromine and Mercury
(b) Mercury and lodine
(c) Mercury and Bromine
(d) lodine and Mercury

Solution The metal and non-metal that exist in a liquid state at room
temperature respectively are:
(a) Bromine and Mercury

Ques 7. At what distance from a convex lens should an object be placed to

get an image of the same size as that of the object on a screen?
(a) Beyond twice the focal length of the lens.
(b) At the principal focus of the lens.
(c) At twice the focal length of the lens.
(d) Between the optical centre of the lens and its principal focus.

Solution To get an image of the same size as that of the object on a

screen, the object should be placed:
(c) At twice the focal length of the lens.

Ques 8. Carbon compounds:

(1) are good conductors of electricity.
(ii) are bad conductors of electricity.
(in) have strong forces of attraction between their molecules.
(iv) have weak forces of attraction between their molecules.
The correct statements are:

(a) (1) and (ii)

(b) (ii) and (in)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (1) and (iii)

Solution Carbon compounds:

(ii) are bad conductors of electricity.

(iv) have weak forces of attraction between their molecules.

Ques 9. Oxides of aluminium and zinc are:

(a) acidic
(b) basic
(c) amphoteric
(d) neutral

Solution Oxides of aluminium and zinc are:

(c) amphoteric

Ques 10. Chromosomes:

(i) carry hereditary information from parents to the next generation.
(ii) are thread like structures located inside the nucleus of an animal cell.
(iii) always exist in pairs in human reproductive cells.
(iv) are involved in the process of cell division.

The correct statements are:

(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (1), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)

Solution (i) carry hereditary information from parents to the next

generation.
(iv) are involved in the process of cell division.
The correct statements are:
(b) (i) and (iv)

Ques 11. Consider the following statements:

(1) The sex of a child is determined by what it inherits from the mother. (ii)
The sex of a child is determined by what it inherits from the father.
(iii) The probability of having a male child is more than that of a female
child.
(iv) The sex of a child is determined at the time of fertilisation when male
and female gametes fuse to form a zygote.
The correct statements are:
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)

Solution (ii) The sex of a child is determined by what it inherits from the
father.
(iv) The sex of a child is determined at the time of fertilisation when male
and female gametes fuse to form a zygote. The correct statements are:
(b) (ii) and (iv)

Ques 12. Which one of the following organ is NOT a part of human female
reproductive system
(a) Ovary
(b) Uterus
(c) Vas deferens
(d) Fallopian tube

Solution organs is NOT a part of the human female reproductive system

(c) Vas deferens

Ques 13. In which of the following organisms, multiple fission is a means of

asexual reproduction?
(a) Yeast
(b) Leishmania
(c) Paramoecium
(d)plasmodium

Solution In which of the following organisms, multiple fission is a means of

asexual reproduction
(c) Paramoecium

Ques 14. In bifocal lenses used for the correction of presbyopia:

(a) the upper portion is of convex lens for the near vision and lower part is
of concave lens for the distant vision.
(b) the upper portion is of convex lens for distant vision and lower part is of
concave lens for near vision.
(c) the upper portion of the concave lens is for the near vision and the lower
part is of the convex lens for the distant vision.
(d) the upper portion is of concave lens for distant vision and lower part is
of convex lens for near vision.

Solution In bifocal lenses used for the correction of presbyopia:

(b) the upper portion is of convex lens for distant vision and lower part is of
concave lens for near vision.

Ques 16. Identify the food chain in which the organisms of the second
trophic level are missing:

(a) Grass, goat, lion

(b) Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, small fish, large fish
(c) Tiger, grass, snake, frog
(d) Grasshopper, grass, snake, frog, eagle

Solution Identify the food chain in which the organisms of the second
trophic level are missing:
(b) Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, small fish, large fish
For Q. Nos. 17 to 20, two statements are given - One labelled as Assertion
(A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to
these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Ques 17. Assertion (A): The rainbow is a natural spectrum of sunlight in the
sky.
Reason (R): Rainbow is formed in the sky when the sun is overhead and
water droplets are also present in air.

Solution Assertion (A): The rainbow is a natural spectrum of sunlight in the

sky.

This assertion is true. A rainbow is indeed a natural optical phenomenon

that forms when sunlight is refracted, dispersed, and reflected by water
droplets in the atmosphere, resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the
sky.
Reason (R): Rainbow is formed in the sky when the sun is overhead and
water droplets are also present in the air.

This reason is also true and provides an accurate explanation for why
rainbows form. Rainbows typically occur when sunlight shines into airborne
water droplets, such as after rain showers or during mist or fog. The

Ques 18. Assertion (A): Hydrogen gas is not evolved when zinc reacts with
nitric acid.
Reason (R): Nitric acid oxidises the hydrogen gas produced to water and
itself gets reduced.
Solution Assertion (A) states that hydrogen gas is not evolved when zinc
reacts with nitric acid. This is because nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent
and can oxidize the hydrogen gas produced by the reaction to water, thus
preventing its evolution. Reason (R) provides the explanation for why
hydrogen gas is not evolved. It states that nitric acid oxidizes the hydrogen
gas produced to water and itself gets reduced. This is a correct explanation
because nitric acid indeed acts as an oxidizing agent, oxidizing the
hydrogen gas to water while itself undergoing reduction. Therefore, both
the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason explains the
assertion.

Ques 19. Assertion (A): Accumulation of harmful chemicals is maximum in

the organisms at the highest trophic level of a food chain.
Reason (R): Harmful chemicals are sprayed on the crops to protect them
from diseases and pests.

Solution Assertion (A) states that accumulation of harmful chemicals is

maximum in the organisms at the highest trophic level of a food chain. This
is generally true because of a process known as biomagnification, where
harmful chemicals (like pesticides) accumulate as they move up the food
chain, resulting in higher concentrations in organisms at higher trophic
levels. However, Reason (R) states that harmful chemicals are sprayed on
crops to protect them from diseases and pests. While this may contribute to
the presence of harmful chemicals in the environment, it is not directly
related to why accumulation is maximum in organisms at the highest
trophic level. Therefore, Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

Ques 20. Assertion (A): The rate of breathing in aquatic organisms is much
faster than in terrestrial organisms.
Reason (R): The amount of oxygen dissolved in water is very high as
compared to the amount of oxygen in air.

Solution Assertion (A) states that the rate of breathing in aquatic

organisms is much faster than in terrestrial organisms. This is generally
true because aquatic organisms need to extract oxygen from water, which
has a lower concentration of oxygen compared to air. Therefore, they need
to breathe faster to obtain enough oxygen for survival. However, Reason
(R) states that the amount of oxygen dissolved in water is very high
compared to the amount of oxygen in air. This statement is false because
oxygen dissolves more readily in air than in water. Therefore, Assertion (A)
is true, but Reason (R) is false.

SECTION-B

Ques 21. (A) (1) Write the significance of the peripheral nervous system in
human beings.
(2) How is the human brain protected from mechanical injuries and shocks?

Solution (1) The significance of the peripheral nervous system in human

beings lies in its role in connecting the central nervous system (brain and
spinal cord) to the limbs and organs. It facilitates the transmission of
sensory information from the body to the central nervous system and motor
commands from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.

(2)Regarding protection of the human brain from mechanical injuries and

shocks, the skull acts as a physical barrier against external mechanical
forces, while cerebrospinal fluid provides cushioning and shock absorption
to further protect the brain.

OR
(B) Name one directional growth movement each in response to chemicals
and water in plants. Write an example for each of them.

Solution Plants exhibit different types of directional growth movements in

response to various stimuli. Two examples include:

Chemotropism: This is when plants grow towards or away from certain

chemicals in their environment. For example, the roots of plants may grow
towards sources of nutrients in the soil, such as nitrogen or phosphorus,
which are essential for their growth.
Hydrotropism: This is the directional growth of plants in response to water.
For instance, plant roots tend to grow towards areas of higher moisture or
water concentration in the soil. This allows them to access water more
effectively, which is crucial for their survival and nutrient uptake.

Ques 22. (i) Give reason why herbivorous animals have longer, small
intestine than carnivorous animals?
(ii) Although 'Pepsin' and 'Trypsin' are both protein digesting enzymes yet
they differ from each other. Justify this statement by giving one difference
between them.

Solution. Herbivorous animals have longer small intestines than

carnivorous animals because plant matter takes longer to digest and
requires more surface area for absorption of nutrients. Pepsin and Trypsin
are both protein-digesting enzymes, but they differ in their optimal pH for
activity. Pepsin works best in acidic environments like the stomach, while
Trypsin is most active in alkaline environments like the small intestine.

Ques 23. Translate the following statement into a balanced chemical

equation. "When barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate,
aluminium chloride and barium sulphate are formed."
State the type of this reaction giving reason to justify your answer.

Ques 24. (1) Two magnetic field lines do not intersect each other. Why?
(ii) How is a uniform magnetic field in a given region represented ? Draw a
diagram in support of your answer.

Solution. Two magnetic field lines do not intersect each other because if
they did, it would imply that at the point of intersection, there are two
directions for the magnetic field, which is not possible. Magnetic field lines
always represent the direction of the magnetic field at any given point, and
they never cross each other.
(ii) A uniform magnetic field in a given region is represented by parallel and
evenly spaced magnetic field lines. These lines are drawn from north to
south outside the magnet and from south to north inside the magnet.

Ques 25. Draw the pattern of the magnetic field lines due to a straight
current carrying conductor indicating the direction of current in the
conductor and the direction of the corresponding magnetic field lines.

Solution pattern of magnetic field lines due to a straight current-carrying

conductor and the corresponding direction of current and magnetic field
lines.

Ques 26. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror

of focal length 15 cm. Find the position of the image formed by the mirror.
Solution v= -30 cm
SECTION-C
Ques 27. (A) Plants Deer →→ Lion In the given food chain, what will be
the impact of removing all the organisms of second trophic level on the first
and third trophic level? Will the impact be the same for the organisms of the
third trophic level in the above food chain if they were present in a food
web? Justify.

Solution If all the organisms of the second trophic level (deer) are removed
from the given food chain "Plants → Deer → Lion", it would have a
significant impact on both the first and third trophic levels. Without the deer,
the lion's primary source of food would be eliminated, leading to a decline
in the lion population due to starvation. On the other hand, the removal of
deer could result in an increase in the population of plants since there
would be fewer herbivores to consume them.

However, if the organisms of the third trophic level (lion) were present in a
food web rather than a linear food chain, their impact might vary. In a food
web, the lion may have alternative prey species besides deer. Therefore,
the impact on the lion population might not be as severe compared to when
it relies solely on deer as its prey.
 OR
(B) A gas 'X' which is a deadly poison is found at the higher levels of
atmosphere and performs an essential function.
Name the gas and write the function performed by this gas in the
atmosphere. Which chemical is linked to the decrease in the level of this
gas? What measures have been taken by an international organization to
check the depletion of the layer containing this gas?

Solution The gas 'X' mentioned in the question is ozone (O₃). Ozone
performs the essential function of absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation from
the sun in the Earth's atmosphere, thus protecting living organisms from
harmful UV rays. The decrease in the level of ozone in the atmosphere is
linked to the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in various industrial and
consumer products.

To address the depletion of the ozone layer, an international organization

known as the Montreal Protocol was established. The Montreal Protocol
aims to phase out the production and use of ozone-depleting substances,
including CFCs. Several measures have been implemented under this
protocol to reduce the emission of harmful substances and protect the
ozone layer from further depletion.

Ques 28. Name and state the rule to determine the direction of a:
(1) magnetic field produced around a current carrying straight conductor.
(ii) force experienced by a current carrying straight conductor placed in a
magnetic field which is perpendicular to it.

Solution To determine the direction of:

(1) The magnetic field produced around a current-carrying straight
conductor, you can use the right-hand thumb rule. Point your thumb in the
direction of the current flow, and the direction in which your fingers curl
around the conductor will indicate the direction of the magnetic field.
(ii) The force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor placed in
a magnetic field which is perpendicular to it, you can use Fleming's
left-hand rule. Point your forefinger in the direction of the magnetic field,
point your thumb in the direction of the current, and your middle finger will
point in the direction of the force experienced by the conductor.

Ques 30. Define reflex action. With the help of a flow chart show the path
of a reflex action such as sneezing.

Solution Reflex action is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous

movement or response to a stimulus. It occurs without conscious thought
as a protective mechanism to prevent injury or maintain homeostasis.

The path of a reflex action, such as sneezing, can be represented in a flow

chart as follows:
Stimulus (irritation in nasal passage) → Sensory neuron (carries impulse to
spinal cord) → Relay neuron in spinal cord (integrates signal) → Motor
neuron (carries impulse to muscles involved in sneezing) → Response
(sneezing)

Ques 31. Which organisms have a three-chambered heart ? Why do they

have three-chambered hearts?

Solution Organisms with a three-chambered heart include amphibians and

reptiles. They have three-chambered hearts because they typically lead a
semi-aquatic lifestyle and have lower metabolic rates compared to
warm-blooded mammals and birds. The three-chambered heart allows for
separate circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, but it is less
efficient than the four-chambered hearts found in mammals and birds

(1) List two functions of lymph.

Solution The two functions of lymph include:

Transporting white blood cells, proteins, and fats throughout the body.
Removing toxins, waste products, and pathogens from tissues through
lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

Ques 32. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of
hardening when water is mixed in right quantity with it:
(a) Write common name and the chemical name of this compound
(b) Give chemical equation for its preparation.
(c) List its two uses .

Solution (a) The compound prepared from gypsum that hardens when
water is mixed in the right quantity with it is called plaster of Paris. The
chemical name of plaster of Paris is calcium sulfate hemihydrate
(CaSO₄·1/2H₂O).

(b) CaSO4·2H2O + heat → CaSO4·1/2H2O + 1.5H2O

(c) (c) Two uses of plaster of Paris include:

Making casts for broken bones in medical applications.

Creating molds for sculptures, decorative items, and architectural elements.

Ques 33. (1) Define a decomposition reaction. Write chemical equation for
the reaction that occurs when lead nitrate is heated strongly in a boiling
tube.
(2) In electrolytic decomposition of water two gases are liberated at the
electrodes. Give the mass ratio of the gas liberated at the cathode and at
the anode.

Solution (1) A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in

which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler
substances. The chemical equation for the decomposition of lead nitrate
(Pb(NO₃)₂) when heated strongly is:
Pb(NO3)2(s) → PbO(s) + 2NO2(g) + O2(g)
(2) In the electrolytic decomposition of water, two gases are liberated at the
electrodes: hydrogen gas (H₂) is liberated at the cathode, and oxygen gas
(O₂) is liberated at the anode. The mass ratio of the gases liberated at the
cathode and anode is 2:1, corresponding to the chemical formula of water
(H₂O), where two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom.
Therefore, for every molecule of water decomposed, two molecules of
hydrogen gas are liberated at the cathode and one molecule of oxygen gas
is liberated at the anode.

SECTION-D

Ques 34. (A) (1) State whether the currents and potential difference in all
the bulbs will be same or different when in a circuit three bulbs of:
(a) same wattage are connected in series.
(b) same wattage are connected in parallel.
(c) different wattage are connected in series.
(d) different wattage are connected in parallel.

Solution
(a) In a circuit where three bulbs of the same wattage are connected in
series, the currents through each bulb will be the same, but the potential
difference across each bulb will be different. This is because the same
current flows through all the bulbs in a series circuit, but the voltage is
divided among them.

(b) In a circuit where three bulbs of the same wattage are connected in
parallel, the potential difference across each bulb will be the same, but the
currents through each bulb will be different. In parallel circuits, each bulb
receives the full voltage of the battery, leading to different currents based
on the resistance of each bulb.
(c) When different wattage bulbs are connected in series, the currents
through each bulb will be the same, but the potential difference across
each bulb will be different. This is similar to the case of same wattage bulbs
connected in series.
(d) When different wattage bulbs are connected in parallel, the potential
difference across each bulb will be the same, but the currents through each
bulb will be different. This is similar to the case of same wattage bulbs
connected in parallel.

(ii) Two identical resistors of 24 Ω each are connected to a battery of 6 V.

Calculate the ratio of the power consumed by the resulting combinations
with (a) minimum resistance and (b) maximum resistance.

Solution
(a)For the combination with minimum resistance (when both resistors
are in parallel): Pmin = 3W
(b)For the combination with maximum resistance (when both resistors
are in series): Pmin = 0.75 W

OR
(B) Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of six 2V
cells, a 6 2 resistor, a 12 2 resistor and a 18 2 resistor and a plug key all
connected in series. Calculate the following (when key is closed):

(1) Electric current flowing in the circuit.

(ii) Potential difference across 18 2 resistor.
(iii) Electric power consumed in 18 2 resistor.

Solution
I = 1/7 A
V18 = 18/7 V
P18 = 18/49 W