LESSON EXEMPLAR

SUBJECT Mathematics-Algebra and Patterns

GRADE LEVEL Grade 9
TOPIC  Quadratic Equations
PISA COMPETENCY  Recognizing functional relationships between
quantities

K TO 12 CURRICULUM M9AL-Ia-b-1: The learner solves quadratic equations by

COMPETENCY (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring; (c)
completing the square; and (d) using the Quadratic
formula.

Content Standards and Performance Standard:

 The learner demonstrates understanding of key
concepts of quadratic equations, inequalities and
functions, and rational algebraic equations.
 The learner is able to investigate thoroughly
mathematical relationships in various situations,
formulate real-life problems involving quadratic
equations, inequalities and functions, and rational
algebraic equations and solve them using a variety
of strategies.
HIGHER ORDER ✓ Explicitly using SOLO (from M → R)
THINKING STRATEGY ✓ Alternative question/item taking a different approach,
ADOPTED method or technique
☐ Presenting information in a different form
☐ Reversing the way that a solution is traditionally
achieved
☐ Providing an erroneous answer and asking students to
correct mistakes
☐ Compare and contrast two similar features
☐ Other:

TIME FRAME 1 HOUR AND 30 MINUTES

I-Priming Activity: (5 MINUTES)

Task A (may be done by group)
Evaluate the quadratic function y=x2-4 at the given values of x and determine what
values of x make the value of y equal to zero.

X -4 -3 -2 0 2 3 4
Y
 Question 1: How will you find the zeros without the table?
Task B (may be done by group)

List down the coordinates of the given points on the graph of y=x2-4 below and
determine what values of x make the value of y equal to zero.

Question 2: How will you determine the zeros of the function without the graph?
II- MINI LESSON: (45 MINUTES)
Finding the Roots/Zeros of Quadratic Equation
A) By Extracting Square Roots
Recall that a complete quadratic equation contains both the first and the second
power of the variable. An incomplete quadratic equation is one that contains only the second
power of the variable. That is, b=0. For example,

2x2-72=0 where a= 2, b=0 and c=-72

3x2-147=0 where a= 3, b=0 and c= -147

An incomplete quadratic equation can be solve easily using the square root method.

Illustrative examples
A. x2 – 169=0
Applying addition property of equality,
x2=169
Finding the square root of 169,
x=-13 and x= 13
B. 3x2-48=0
Applying addition and multiplication property of equality,
3x2=48
x2=16
Finding the square root of 16,
x= -4 and x=4

B) By Factoring
 The zero product property states that if the indicated product of two or more
factors is zero, at least one of the factors is equal to zero.
Take the example of 8xy=0. This means that x=0, y=0 or both x and y are equal to
zero.
If a quadratic equation can be reduced to the form ax 2+bx+c is factorable, then the
equation can be solved by factoring.
Illustrative examples
A. Solve by factoring: x2-2x=15
Solution: x2-2x-15=0 Transform to standard form.
(x-5) (x+3) = 0 Factor the left
member
x-5=0 or x+3=0 Zero product
property
x=5 or x=-3

Check: If x=5 If x=-3

x2-2x=15 x2-2x=15
25-10=15 9+6=15
15-=15 15=15

B. Solve by factoring: x2+11x=-30

Solution: x2+11x+30 = 0 Transform to standard form.
(x+6) (x+5) = 0 Factor the left member
x+6=0 or x+5=0 Zero product property
x=-6 or x=-5

Check: If x=-6 If x=-5

x2+11x=-30 x2+11x=-30
36-66=-30 25-55=-30
-30=-30 -30=-30

C) By Completing the Square

In completing the square, the left member of the equation must be a perfect square
trinomial so that the square root of the member containing the unknown is equal to the
square root of the constant terms.

Illustrative example
Solve: x2-4x-2=0
2
Solution: x -4x=2 Separate the constant from terms containing
x.
x2-4x+4=6 Add 4 to both sides to form a perfect square trinomial
(x-2)2=6 Rewrite the left member as a square of a
binomial
x-2=± √ 6 Extract the square root of both sides prefixing ± sign
to the result on the right member
x-2=-√ 6 or x-2=√ 6 Solve the resulting linear equations and check
x =2-√ 6 x=2 √ 6

D) Using Quadratic Formula

The quadratic formula states that if ax 2+bx+c=0, with a≠ 0, then

x= −b ± √b −4 ac
2

2a
 Illustrative example
Solve the equation x2 +3x-10=0
Solution: a=1, b=3, c=-10

x= −b ± √b −4 ac
2

2a

−3 ± √ 32−4 (1)(−10)
x= substitute in the formula
2(1)

−3 ± √ 49
x= 2(1) simplify

−3−7 −3+7
x= =-5 and x= =2
2 2
Take note that the formula is useful in those cases where factoring is not easy.
III- ACTIVITY (30 MINUTES)

Jose was requested to solve for the roots of the quadratic equation by using
the completing the square method. When his teacher checked his work, Jose
learned that he was incorrect.

Jose’s answer
STEP 1: Given: 3𝑥2 − 7𝑥 − 6 = 0
STEP 2: 3𝑥2 − 7𝑥 = 6
STEP 3:
𝑥2− =2
7x
3

𝑥2− + = 2+
7x 49 49
STEP 4:
3 36 36

( ) =
2
7 121
STEP 5: x+
6 36

7 11 7 −11
STEP 6: x+ = and x+ =
6 6 6 6
2
Jose’s final answer x= and x=−3
3
Question 4 a1. In which of the steps did Jose make his first mistake? Explain your answer
and give the correct solution to the problem.

Your answer
Task 4 a2. Write out the correct solution to the problem
Your solution

Task4 a3. Determine what mark out of ten would have been a fair reward for Jose
for the work he had undertaken? Given the reasons for your decision.

Your Answer:

IV. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES (10 MINUTES)

Question 4 a4. A rectangular garden has a perimeter of 30 meters and an

area of 54 square meters. Find the its dimensions

Your answer
V- ACCEPTABLE ANSWERS
Priming Activity:

Task A

X -4 -3 -2 0 2 3 4
Y 12 5 0 -4 0 5 12

Question 1. Use trial and error by assigning any value of x until such time you
would have zero in y.

Task B
(-4,12), (-3,5), ((-2,0), (0, -4), (2,0), (3,5), (4,12)

Question 2.
Use trial and error by assigning any value of x-coordinate until such time you
would have zero in the y-coordinate.

Activity
Additional Activity
Solution: In the formula, P=2L+2W
Let l=length of the rectangle
30=2L+2W
15=L+W
15-L=W
Substitute the values in the formula LW=A.
L(15-L) = A
15L-L2=54
L2-15L+54=0
(L-9) (L-6) = 0
L=9 and W=6