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PCM .P.P

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Sajad Hayder
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4 views11 pages

PCM .P.P

Uploaded by

Sajad Hayder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Communication I

Hussain Abdulkarim
Pulse Code Modulation
PCM
The formatting and transmission of baseband signals
A sampled signal and the quantized levels
•L=2 k OR M=2N

K=Log2L OR N=Log2M
Where L ,M = LEVELS
K,N = Bits

• B.Wpcm=B.W *N
ΔV= 2*Vm/L
ΔV/2=Quantization Error
Where ΔV is the step size
between quantization
levels
Quantization noise in PCM
So/No=3L2 •
• (So/No)dB=4.8+20Log10L
So=peak signal power •
No=r.m.s noise power •
Also So/No=(3/2)L2 •
Where So is the r.m.s value •
Ex.
• X(t)=4sin(2π100t)
• K=3
• Sol.
• L=2k
L= 23
=8
• L=8 Levels
• ΔV=2*Vm/L=2*4/8=1V
• ΔV/2=Quantization Error 1/2Volt
• ( 0.5 , - 0.5)
The output SNR

• So/Nq=3L2f2(t)/Vp2
• No=Nq, So/No=So/Nq
• Vp2= fp2
• fp= peak voltage level
• So/Nq=3/2 L2 For tone modulation

• (So/Nq)dB=1.76+20LogL
• =1.76+6.02n
Ex.
In a binary PCM system , the output signal -to-quantization
ratio is to be hold to a minimum of 40dB .If the message is
a single tone with fm=4KHZ .Determine .
1- The number of required levels and the corresponding
output signal-to-quantizing noise ratio.
2-Minimum required system bandwith.
Sol.
1- L=2k
So/Nq=10000=40dB
So/Nq=3/2 L2
L=82
K=Log282=(6.36)=7
L=27=128
2- Minimum system B.W =k* Fmax
=7*4KHZ=28KHZ
To find minimum step size to avoid slope
overloading ΔVmin=2π(800)fp/fs
To find SNRq
So/No=3fs f2(t)/(ΔV)2.B
Where fs= sampling frequency

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