Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
February 26, 2020, COVID-19 had been identified in 34 countries, with a total
abundant in certain animal species, including cattle, camels, and bats, and
virus has spread primarily through person-to-person contact. The most typical
way this virus spreads is through close contact with an infected individual.
When people with COVID-19 breathe out or cough, they exhale tiny droplets
containing the virus. These droplets can enter someone's mouth or nose and
transmit the virus (Parry, 2020).On March 11, 2020, the World Health
multiple continents or the entire world (Cucinotta & Vanelli, 2020). Since its
recognized cure for the deadly sickness. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a
One of the most significant effects of the pandemic on education has been the
classes, virtual lectures, and digital assignments to mitigate the spread of the
has also highlighted the digital divide, with many students lacking access to
computers, the internet, and other digital resources. This has resulted in
unequal access to education, with some students being left behind due to a
Studies have shown that remote learning can lead to decreased academic
burnout, decreased morale, and high turnover rates. Teachers have had to
adapt to new teaching methods, including remote learning, which has added
to their workload and stress levels. COVID-19, also known as the coronavirus,
Virtual learning, also known as online learning or e-learning, refers to the use
(Rovai, 2002). Virtual learning can take various forms, including synchronous
and asynchronous learning. Synchronous learning involves real-time
allows students to learn at their own pace and convenience (Bailenson &
Blascovich, 2011).
Virtual learning has provided students with greater flexibility and autonomy in
their learning, allowing them to continue their education despite the pandemic
parents, and educators around the globe have felt the unexpected ripple effect
officials are doing their best to slow down the outbreak, education systems are
trying to continue imparting quality education for all during these difficult times.
emotional distress and have been unable to engage productively. The best
learning in which students can access course materials, study guides, texts,
material that is not time or place dependent through the use of various
E-learning consists of both online and mobile learning. E-learning can take
for distance learning and flexible learning, but it can also be used in
The first instances of e-learning around the globe occurred in 1960 at the
University of Illinois in the United States, when the first intranet system was
(Sarka, 2020). Globally, virtual learning is widely regarded as one of the most
have been denied it due to the distance between colleges. For these
2015).
polytechnics are using Massive Open MOOCs are online courses that
help with online learning and teaching. The online education sector
natural than online learning, and students can debate, reflect, and
have discussions with their peers and professors. Their findings led
prevalent these days due to the pandemic, and many countries are
even in the event that they had to close (Subedi et al., 2020).
education are required for different age groups and fields (Doucet et
in many poor countries cannot buy online learning devices (Hove &
will need to budget for both overall and per-learner costs. If courses
are spread among a bigger student body, the cost can become more
Nevertheless, more issues arise from the fact that internet access is
include being familiar with online tools, being able to maximize the
being able to explore the platform's tools, and not knowing how to
2018).
2.2 EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK
learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and their readiness for online
that blends traditional and online instruction. Another study that tries
qualities that affect visual learning has been published in (Ms. & Toro,
purposes are illustrated in (Samir et al. 2014). The goal of the study
be accepted and which should not, the study proposes examining five
of them.
The work discussed in (GOYAL & S., 2012) aims to highlight the value
engaged with instructors and other students less socially, they were
2010). The comparison assists in providing when to use each tool. The
development process.
(Somayeh et al. 2016). This analysis study was conducted using the
between the teachers and the students indicates that the teachers
worldwide.
Firstly, there was a pervasive lack of awareness about the pandemic's impact
on education. The sudden shift to online learning caught many institutions off
Another major challenge was the insufficient training and support for
resources for e-learning. The lack of proper hardware, software, and reliable
The availability of digital educational resources and content was also limited.
hands-on subjects .
Finally, there is a pressing need for further research and evaluation on the
did not during the pandemic can provide valuable insights for future
and gaps in the education system. Addressing these issues is crucial for
References
1. Gbele, A.T. & Oyelade, E.A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the Nigerian
Almaty, Kazakhstan,