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25 views10 pages

Exp 2lab Pavment

Uploaded by

Hisham Alshorman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Yarmouk University

Al-Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology


Civil Engineering Department

Highway Laboratory
CE444

Experiment Title: Asphalt Binder Specific Gravity

Date: 20/10/2022

Student Name: Leen Faisal Ananbeh

Student Number: 2018988103

Section No: 3

Instructor’s Name: Dr. Madhar Taamneh.


Table of Content

Content Page Number


Abstract 2

Introduction 3

Objectives 4

Methods and Materials 4

Experimental Procedure 5

Results and Discussion 6-7

Conclusion 8

References 9

1
 Abstract:
By the specific Gravity test of Bitumen, we are determining the
specific gravity of bitumen that is one of the important properties of
bitumen. Used for pavement construction is the classification of
bitumen binders that can therefore be used.

The source of the bitumen binder can also help in identifying. In the
bitumen specimen, the presence of the mineral impurities can also
help in pointing out. If the mineral impurities quantity is more, then
the value of specific gravity will increase.

The specific gravity of bitumen is defined as the ratio of the mass


of a given volume of bitumen of known content to the mass of an
equal volume of water at 25 degrees Celsius. Because the specific
gravity of asphalt binders change with temperature, specific
gravity tests are useful in making volume corrections based on
temperature. The specific gravity can be measured using a
.pycnometer in semi-solid or solid-state

In pavement construction works, the bitumen is measured by


weight, but when used with aggregates bitumen content is
converted to volume using its density.

 Introduction:

2
Specific Gravity Test of Bitumen is determining the specific gravity of
bitumen which one of the fundamental properties of bitumen. It can
therefore be used in the classification of bitumen binders used for pavement
construction.

This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity (relative
density) and density of semi-solid asphalt binder by use of a pycnometer.
The asphalt is a mixture which consists alumina, lime, silica and asphaltic
bitumen. At low temperatures, it is in solid state and at high temperatures it
is in liquid state. Asphalt is produced in two different ways Natural asphalt
and Residual asphalt.

The volume of bitumen is necessary for Marshal Mix Design. However, the
volume is converted to mass when we mix the bitumen and aggregates.
Because measuring weight is easier than measuring volume.
Weight = Specific Gravity * Volume

Specific gravity can give an indication of asphalt quality and density.


Specific gravity for asphalt in the range of 0.97 to 1.02.

 Objectives:
Determine the specific gravity of an asphalt sample.

3
 Methods and Materials:
1- Asphalt cement
2- Distilled water.
3- Towel
4- Pycnometer

5-Water bath
6-Oven

7- Analytical Balance Standard

 Procedure:

4
1- Preparation of sample, then heat the sample with care to (75 –
100)C⁰.
2- Through heating, mix the asphalt sample continuously to achieve
uniform sample without voids and other impurities.
3- Clean the pycnometer and weight then record it as parameter A.
4- Fill the pycnometer with pure water t 25 ⁰C and weight then record it
as parameter B.
5- Fill (1/4) or half of the pycnometer with asphalt then cool it for half
hour in water at 25⁰C and weight then record it as parameter C.
6- Fill the rest space remain from the pycnometer in step (5) with water
at 25⁰C and weight then record it as parameter D.

 Results and Discussion:


5
Specific gravity of the specimen can be determined by:
C− A
S.G = ( B−A )−(D−C)
a = weight of the specific gravity bottle
b = weight of the specific gravity bottle + weight of distilled water
c = weight of the specific gravity bottle + weight of the specimen half-filled in
the bottle
d = weight of the specific gravity bottle + weight of the specimen half-filled in
the bottle + weight of the water filled in the remaining half of the bottle

A B C D

47.8 g 105.4 g 70.3 g 110.3 g

C− A 70.3−47.
S.G = ( B−A )−(D−C) = ( 105.4−47.8 ) −(110.3−70.3) = 1.278

 Discussion :

6
 The standard limit for asphalt specific gravity is (0.97-1.02),
our value that was calculated is 1.278 ,which is far away
from this range so, the sample is rejected because it is
unsuitable for the work, or there is an error happened during
the experiment procedure which led to false results.
 Errors which could happened during the experiment:

 The presence of air voids and impurities.


 Human mistakes during calculating results or observing data.
 Using more than one pycnometer which leads to difference in
volumes.
 Using dirty pycnometer.

 Conclusion:
7
By performing the specific gravity test of bitumen practical, we can determine
whether the given bitumen sample meets the specification requirements for
specific gravity as given in the standards.
The specific gravity found out by the practical is compared to the standard
value and thus it can be concluded whether the sample meets the specific
gravity criteria for the given grade of bitumen.

1. the expected value of specific gravity of asphalt was (0.97-1.02)


while the calculated value was 1.278 which is so far away from the desired
value so the sample is rejected.
2. The value could be true value which means that the sample in not suitable
for work, or could be false value happened due the working conditions of the
experiment or human errors.

A specific gravity test can be used to classify bitumen. It helps to identify


the type of bitumen.
Also to control the quality of bitumen we use its specific gravity. By using
that, the impurity of bitumen is recognizable. Because impure bitumen has
higher specific gravity.
For road construction, bitumen is used with aggregates. To have a suitable
and stable asphalt, the optimal volume of bitumen must be used. Because
too much bitumen makes asphalt sticky. In addition, when there isn’t
enough bitumen, the aggregates don’t stick together.
The bitumen binder should coat the space between the aggregates well.
For this reason, we need to calculate the density of voids.

8
 References.

 ASTM, C127 - 01. Standard Test Method for Density, Relative


Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate.
 ASTM, C128-01, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density
(Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
 ASTM, D70 – 76, Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of semi-
solid bituminous materials.

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