SF1686 23 24

SF1686 Multivariable calculus
Solutions to exam 23.10.25

D EL A
ZZ
(1) Compute the double integral (|x|y + x2 ) dA, when T is the triangle with corners
T
(−2, 0), (0, 3) and (2, 0). (6)
Lösning. Eftersom integranden är en jämn funktion i x och triangeln T är symmetrisk i
linjen x = 0 kan dubbelintegralen skrivas
ZZ ZZ
2
(|x|y + x ) dA = 2 (xy + x2 ) dA
T T′
′
där T är triangelhalvan med hörn i (0, 0), (0, 3) och (2, 0), och vi utnyttjat att |x| = x när
x är positiv. Triangeln T ′ kan skrivas med olikheter som 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 och 0 ≤ y ≤ 3 − 23 x,
vilket ger att
ZZ Z 2 Z 3−3x/2
2 2
2 (xy + x ) dA = 2 (xy + x ) dy dx
T′ 0 0
Z 2h iy=3−3x/2
= xy 2 + 2x2 y dx
0 y=0
Z 2
= (9x − 3x2 − 34 x3 ) dx
0
h i2
= 29 x2 − x3 − 16 3 4
x
0
= 7.
□
2 SF1686 – Lösningsförslag till tentamen 23.10.25
(2) The function T (x, y) = x2 + 2x + 4y 2 − 8y gives the temperature in position (x, y).
(a) Compute the directional derivative of T (x, y) from (1, 3) towards (4, 2) (2)
(b) Give the direction that gives the most rapid change of T (x, y) at (1, 3). (2)
(c) Give the degree two Taylor polynomial of T (x, y) at (1, 3). (2)
Lösning. a) The gradient is ∇T = (2x + 2, 8y − 8), so ∇T (1, 3) = (4, 16). The length
one vector ⃗u starting at (1, 3) and pointing at (4, 2) is √110 (3, −1). The sought directional
derivative is ⃗u · ∇T (1, 3) = √110 (12 − 16) = − √410 .
b) The maximal change of temperature is obtained in the direction ∇T (1, 3) = (4, 16).
c) It has to be a shift of x2 + 2x + 4y 2 − 8y, that is f (x − 1, y − 3).
□
D EL B
(3) The paraboloid E is determined by the equation z = x2 + y 2 . Determine the distance

from E to the point (0, 3, 0). (Hint: Phrase it as an optimization problem). (6)
Lösning. A normal vector of the tangent plane of E at a given point P = (x, y, z) is
(2x, 2y, −1). If P is the point on E that is the closest to (0, 3, 0) then (0, 3, 0) − P is
parallel to (2x, 2y, −1), that is there exist a scalar t such that
(0, 3, 0) − (x, y, z) = t(2x, 2y, −1).
The component equations give that z = t, and that −x = 2xz and 3 − y = 2yz. If x ̸= 0
we get that z = − 12 which is impossible as z ≥ 0. Therefore x = 0 - which is evident
from the geometric picture as well. We then have that z = y 2 , and the second component
equation reads
3 − y = 2yz = 2y 3 .
By inspection we see that y = 1 is a solution to the cubic 2y 3 + y − 3 = 0. After division
we get that 2y 3 + y − 3 = (y − 1)(2y 2 + 2y + 3), and one checks that 2y 2 + 2y + 3 = 0
has no real solutions. Therefore y = 1, and then also that z = 1. The point (0, 1, 1) is the
point on E being nearest to (0, 3, 0). Therefore the distance to E is
p √
0 + (3 − 1)2 + (−1)2 = 5.
□
SF1686 – Lösningsförslag till tentamen 23.10.25 3
(4) Consider the sphere x2 + yRR2

+ (z − 2)2 = 16. Let S be the part of the sphere that satisfies
z ≥ 0. Compute the flux S F • N̂dS, where N̂ is outwards pointed unit normalfield,
and the vector field F is given as (6)
2 y 2 2

F(x, y, z) = x + z + e , y + sin (x ), 2 + y .
Lösning. Sfären skär xy-planet (z = 0) i cirkeln x2 + y 2 = r2 = 12, vilken utgör rand
till cirkelskivan D i xy-planet. Låt R vara det område som begränsas av S och D. Gauss
sats ger då
ZZZ ZZ ZZ
∇ • FdV = F • N̂dS + F • −k̂ dS,
R S D
eftersom −k̂ är den utåtriktade enhetsnormalen på ytan D. För att beräkna vänsterledet
behöver vi divergensen:
∇ • F = 2x + 2y
Den första termen 2x ger noll, eftersom den är udda i x, och integreras över området R
som är symmetriskt kring x = 0. Den andra termen 2y ger också noll, på motsvarande
sätt. Vänsterledet blir därför noll, så vi får relationen
ZZ ZZ ZZ
F • N̂dS = F • k̂dS = (y + 2)dS.
S D D
Termen y är udda men integreras över området D, som är symmetriskt kring y = 0, d.v.s.
ger noll. Flödet blir således
ZZ ZZ
F • N̂dS = 0 + 2 dS = 2A = 2πr2 = 2π · 12 = 24π.
S D
□
4 SF1686 – Lösningsförslag till tentamen 23.10.25
D EL C
(5) The solid K is determined by the inequalities x2 + y 2 + (z − 1)2 ≤ 2 and z ≥ 0. The

solid K has a density function ϱ(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 . Compute the mass of K. (6)
RRR
Lösning. Massan ges av trippelintegralen K
ϱ dV . För att räkna ut integralen inför vi
sfäriska koordinater centrerade i punkten (0, 0, 1) enligt
x = R sin ϕ cos θ
y = R sin ϕ sin θ
z = 1 + R cos ϕ √
med jacobian R2 sin ϕ. Området ges i dessa koordinater av 0 ≤ R ≤ 2, 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 3π/4,
0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π. Uttryckta i våra sfäriska koordinater blir ϱ = R2 sin2 ϕ och vi får massan
till
ZZZ Z √2 Z 3π/4 Z 2π √
4 3 4π(4 2 + 5)
ϱ dV = R sin ϕ dR dϕ dθ = .
K 0 0 0 15
□
SF1686 – Lösningsförslag till tentamen 23.10.25 5
(6) Let γ(t) = (γ1 (t), γ2 (t)) with 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π be a parametrisation of a smooth, simple
closed curve C. We assume the curve C is positively oriented with respect to the compact
region R enclosed by the curve.
(a) Show that (3)
Z 2π
1
γ1 (t)γ2′ (t) − γ2 (t)γ1′ (t) dt.

Area(R) =
2 0
(b) For each integer k > 1 the function
γ(t) = (k cos(t) − cos(kt), k sin(t) − sin(kt)) 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π
parametrises an epicycloid curve Ck . The curve Ck is a piecewise smooth, simple
closed curve that encloses a compact set Rk that looks like a flower with (k − 1)
pedals. Show that Area(Rk ) = πk(k + 1). (3)
Lösning. Let F1 (x, y) = −y andR F2 (x, y) = x and let F = (F1 , F2 ) be the planar vector
field. Then the curve integral C F · dr reads
Z 2π Z 2π
′
F (γ(t)) · γ (t)dt = (−γ2 (t)γ1′ (t) + γ1 (t)γ2′ (t)dt.
0 0
We also have by the Theorem of Green that the curve integral also equals
Z ZZ ZZ
∂F2 ∂F1
F · dr = ( − ) dA = 2 dA = 2Area(R),
C X ∂x ∂y X
which proves the first statement.
We use that formula to compute the area of Rk . We have that γ ′ (t) = (−k sin(t) +
k sin(kt), k cos(t) − k cos(kt)). Therefore the area of Rk is
1 2π 2
Z
(k + k − (k 2 + k)(cos(kt) cos(t) + sin(kt) sin(t)) dt.
2 0
Using partial integration, twice, we get that
Z 2π Z 2π
2
cos(t) cos(kt) dt = k cos(t) cos(kt) dt.
0 0
R 2πk > 1 we must have that the integral is zero. One computes in a2 similar way that also
As
0
sin(kt) sin(t) dt = 0. It then follows that the area of Rk is π(k + k).
□

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SF1686 Multivariable calculus

Solutions to exam 23.10.25

(3) The paraboloid E is determined by the equation z = x2 + y 2 . Determine the distance

(4) Consider the sphere x2 + yRR2

(5) The solid K is determined by the inequalities x2 + y 2 + (z − 1)2 ≤ 2 and z ≥ 0. The

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