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Unit 1 Short Notes

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28 views4 pages

Unit 1 Short Notes

Uploaded by

Ghanshyam Dhakad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Comprehensive Study Notes on the Evolution of the Internet

1. Evolution of the Internet

The internet started as ARPANET, a U.S. military project in the 1960s aimed at creating a

communication network resilient to failures. It evolved from a small academic network into the global

internet, connecting individuals and businesses worldwide.

Key milestones include:

- 1970s: Development of TCP/IP protocols.

- 1980s: Expansion to academia and governments.

- 1990s: Introduction of the WWW and public access.

- 2000s: Broadband, mobile internet, and social media revolution.

- 2010s: IoT, cloud computing, and 5G advancements.

2. Usage and Impact

The internet's usage spans across sectors like communication, business, education, healthcare, and

entertainment.

Its impact on society includes globalization, access to vast information, and digital transformation of

industries.

3. Significance of the Internet

The internet enables real-time global communication, fuels the digital economy, supports remote

education, and acts as a platform for innovation in technology fields like AI and blockchain.

4. Applications of the Internet


Major applications include:

- Communication: email, video calls.

- Commerce: e-commerce, online banking.

- Education: online courses.

- Healthcare: telemedicine.

- Entertainment: streaming services.

5. World Wide Web (WWW)

The WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet, developed in

the early 1990s by Tim Berners-Lee. It differs from the internet as the WWW organizes and displays

content.

Web 1.0 and Web 2.0:

- Web 1.0: 'Static web' with read-only content and basic HTML pages.

- Web 2.0: 'Interactive web' with user-generated content, multimedia, and social platforms like

Facebook and YouTube.

6. Search Engines

Search engines index and retrieve information. They work through:

- Crawling: automated bots scan sites.

- Indexing: organize content.

- Ranking: prioritize results based on relevance.

Examples include Google, Bing, and Yahoo.

7. Webpages and Websites

A webpage is an HTML document, while a website is a collection of linked pages. Websites are
either static or dynamic, displaying user-interactive content.

8. URLs

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) consists of protocol, domain name, and path. It acts as an

address for accessing internet resources.

9. Web Browsers

Web browsers (Chrome, Firefox) are software applications that retrieve and render web content.

They allow users to access the internet interactively.

10. Web Servers

Web servers store and deliver web content. They support both static (fixed) and dynamic

(interactive) sites, managing requests from browsers.

11. Web Crawlers

Web crawlers are bots that scan the internet to index pages for search engines. They help create

and maintain search engine databases.

12. Web Hosting

Web hosting enables websites to be accessible on the internet. Types include shared, VPS, and

dedicated hosting, each with distinct resource allocations.

13. Domain Names

A domain name is a unique address (e.g., example.com) for websites, comprising a top-level

domain (.com) and second-level domain (example).


14. Types of Web Documents

Web documents include static HTML pages, dynamic forms, and multimedia like images, video, and

audio files. Each document type serves specific content needs.

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