Preposição C hapter

19
Inglês

Cultures of the world 04 In “... because of the lushness and diversity of it all”, what does the
word it refer to?
Local knowledge provides a foundation for global understanding. Wade
Davis has lived among some of the most remote peoples on the planet, studying (A) land. (D) 10,000 senses.
their cultures and the many different ways we humans have of communicating (B) Brazilian psyche. (E) lushness and diversity.
and expressing ourselves. Here he celebrates the diversity of Brazil. (C) Amazon rain forest.
“I’ve spent a lot of my life in cultures other than my own, and I’ve come 05 What is the concept underlying Davis’ statement: “It’s like trying to
to see that every language is a reflection of its culture. When you learn waltz to salsa music”?
a new language, you become part of its culture. It actually changes who
you are, how you move and speak and see the world. You start to take on (A) Insolence. (D) Independence.
the cadence and rhythm of the language, the body language as well as (B) Incompatibility. (E) Inaccuracy.
the verbal language. I think it’s physically impossible to speak Brazilian (C) Equality.
Portuguese, for example, without having your body melt into a different
rhythm. Of alI the languages I’ve heard, it’s the most sensual and melodious. 06 What is implied in the sentence: “If the body language is wrong, it
When you speak it, you start to use your hands more, to move with the doesn’t matter whether you have the grammar and vocabulary right.”?
language, to reach out to the person you’re talking to. I’ve watched travelers
in Brazil who can speak Portuguese but don’t let their bodies move with it. (A) Communication in Brazilian Portuguese is not facilitated by body
If they carry themselves stiffly, the way they do in their home culture, the language.
Brazilians simply don’t understand them. It’s like trying to waltz to salsa (B) Knowledge of grammar and vocabulary is sufficient to understand
music. If the body language is wrong, it doesn’t matter whether you have Brazilian Portuguese.
the grammar and vocabulary right. You won’t be understood.” (C) Body language is not a feature of Brazilian Portuguese.
“I call Brazil the ‘land of the 10,000 senses’ because of the lushness (D) Body language and grammar knowledge cannot help communication
and diversity of it alI. Just the Amazon rain forest alone fills the senses in Brazilian Portuguese.
with its sounds, smells, colors, even its silences. The vastness of that (E) Knowledge of grammar and vocabulary alone will not suffice to
forest in the north of the country hovers in the Brazilian psyche, as does communicate in Brazilian Portuguese.
the country’s rich mix of races and mythologies. They infuse the Brazilian
world and make it somehow magical.” 07 Among the feelings listed below, the one which best characterizes
Wade Davis’ impressions on Brazil’s language and culture is:
(National Geographic. Mission Programs Insights on Brazil)
(A) skepticism. (D) happiness.
01 Mark the option which best summarizes the introductory paragraph: (B) benevolence. (E) anxiety.
(C) fascination.
(A) Davis’ knowledge of his own culture enables him to understand other
peoples’ culture. 08 What aspects of the brazilian language have mostly impressed Wade
(B) Davis’ experiences in different countries give him a better understanding Davis?
of the world.
(C) Davis’ experience in Brazil allows him to understand Portuguese better. (A) Its 10,000 senses. (D) Its grammar and vocabulary.
(D) Davis’ understanding of the world contradicts his cultural values. (B) Its sensuality and melody. (E) Its richness and cadence.
(E) Davis’ knowledge of his native language allows him to understand the (C) Its lushness and diversity.
world better.
09 According to the author, what “infuse[s] the Brazilian world and makes
02 According to Wade Davis, Brazilian Portuguese is the most sensual it somehow magical” are:
language because:
(A) Brazil’s 10,000 senses, sounds, smells, and colors.
(A) there are different rhythms in Brazil. (B) the vastness of the countryside and the country’s mythology.
(B) Brazilians’ bodies melt into a number of different rhythms when they dance. (C) the Amazon’s vastness and Brazil’s mix of races and mythology.
(C) body language is an important tool to communicate. (D) the Amazon’s lushness and diversity.
(D) grammar and vocabulary sound right when body language is wrong. (E) the vastness of Brazil’s forests and the richness of races and mythology.
(E) Brazilians use their hands and body a lot when they speak.
10 Choose from the options below the one which does NOT reflect Davis’
03 The sentence “The vastness of that forest in the north of the country impression on Brazilian Portuguese:
hovers in the Brazilian psyche, as:
(A) cadence. (D) melodious.
(A) remote probability. (D) time reference. (B) sensual. (E) stiffly.
(B) exemplification. (E) contrast. (C) rhythm.
(C) comparison.

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Inglês – Chapter 19

Preposição During
During é usado com datas conhecidas, como, por exemplo, Natal,
Preposições relativas AT e ON localização Páscoa ou períodos que já foram definidos:
no tempo
AT e ON são usados principalmente para se referir a pontos fixos no during the Middle Ages (durante a Idade Média)
tempo, enquanto IN localiza um evento dentro de um período e tempo. during 1941 (durante 1941)
During / For
At Usamos DURING para explicar “quando” ocorre alguma coisa e FOR
Usa-se AT com hora, idade, nomes de festas e feriados, em algumas para explicar “quanto tempo” ela dura.
expressões de tempo em que se subentende a expressão “quando” (no He was ill for a week, and during that week he ate nothing.
fim de semana, no almoço, no jantar, etc.):
In time e on time
In time passa a ideia de “com tempo suficiente”:
at midnight (à meia-noite)
If you don’t go now, you won’t arrive in time for lunch.
at breakfast (no café da manhã)
On time passa a ideia de “pontualmente”:
at the weekend (no fim de semana) (no inglês americano também é
The plane took off on time.
possível usar “on the weekend”/”on weekends”)
at Christmas (no Natal) Importante
at the time (na hora) Não use proposição quando houver pronome demonstrativo ou termos
at the beginning (of) (no começo) (de) como last, next, every, all:
at the end (of) (no fim) (de)
Duração de Tempo

On
Usa-se ON com nomes de dias (da semana ou mês) e de datas
For
especiais (quando se fala especificamente da data): For é usado para se referir a período de tempo:
I’m going to London for a week.
on Christmas Eve (na véspera de Natal)
on September 19th (no dia 19 de setembro) Since
Since assinala o ponto inicial de determinado período de tempo:
Importante It has been raining since I got up.
Quando você quiser falar sobre um período de um dia específico, use
ON. Por exemplo:
From… To
* on the morning of September 19th (na manhã de 19 de setembro)
From… TO pode ser usado para marcar o início (FROM) e o término
(TO) de uma atividade ou acontecimento.
In The conference lasts from September 21 st to October 2nd.
Usa-se IN para localizar um evento em um período de tempo (por
exemplo, um determinado período do dia, do mês, do ano – como as
estações). Until / Till
Pode-se ainda utilizar IN para décadas, anos e séculos: Until / Till podem ser usados em vez de TO quando se estiver falando
de tempo:
in the morning (de manhã) The conference lasts from September 21 st until/till October 2nd.
in 1948 (em 1948)
in the fifties (nos anos 50) Until ou By?
in the end (finalmente) Until é usado para falar de uma situação que continuará “até”
determinado momento:
I’m going to study English until 9 o’clock.
Outros usos de In
By é usado para dizer que uma ação irá acontecer em um momento
IN pode ser usado também para indicar quantidade de tempo:
específico ou, possivelmente, antes de um momento específico no futuro.
I arrived there in less than 20 minutes.
I must finish my project by Friday at 5 o’clock.

Within
Up to
Within tem um significado muito parecido, sendo um pouco menos
específico: Up to é empregado em relação a tempo, principalmente na fala:
We’ll be there within an hour.

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I can stay with you up to the end of June. Usa-se ON com ônibus, aviões, navios, trens, bicicletas e cavalos.
Usa-se IN com carros e barcos pequenos.
From… Through We get on a horse.
From… Through é usado no inglês Americano com o significado de We get on a bus.
“até”, com sentido de inclusão: Get in the car.
I’ll be in London from Monday through Wednesday.

Referência a tempo anterior e posterior EXERCISES LEVEL 1

01 Supply the appropriate prepositions.

Before e After
Before e After correspondem respectivamente a “antes” e “depois”: (A) Walk three times _______________ the pool.
I’ll finish my homework before I go to bed. (B) Helen is _______________ home.
(C) The girls are _______________ the tree and the house.
(D) The books are _______________ the floor _______________ the
Towards chair.
Towards significa “próximo de” ou, mais informalmente, “lá para”: (E) He is studying _______________ Paris.
(F) The man walked _______________ of the hotel.
towards the end of October (lá para o fim de outubro).
(G) We are going _______________ school for our first French lesson.
(H) Wait for me _______________ of the cinema.
Past (I) They live _______________ 22 Broadway Avenue.
Past pode ser usado com horas, para expressar a ideia de “depois de”: (J) It was raining when I went _______________ the theater.
(K) Independence Day is _______________ September 7th.
It’s a already past five o’clock. (L) I’m going _______________ Europe _______________ Monday.
(M) Tom is sleeping _______________ that tree.
About / Around (N) I walked _______________ the lake.
(O) The bank is _______________ Baker Street.
About e Around, em relação a tempo, significam “por volta de”.
(P) Don’t be afraid. Stay _______________ Ted and me.
We’ll arrive around 8. (Q) The dogs are in the yard ______ the cats.
(R) My birthday is ______________June.
2. Preposição relativa a lugar para indicar (S) He is working _______________the supermarket now.
posição (T) There was a big rock concert ________ 1970.
(U) There is a large desert _____________ Western South America.
At (V) Your umbrella was ________________ the front door.
Usa-se AT para lugares, referindo-se a eles como um simples “ponto (W) It was impossible to see Jane ____________all those people.
no mapa”, sem nenhuma alusão a suas dimensões, e também antes do (X) Meet me ___________ the Roxy Theater _________ nine o’clock.
nome de um prédio, quando pensamos na atividade ali desenvolvida, e (Y) William was born ____________ a hot summer day _________ 1948.
não no prédio em si (como uma escola, por exemplo): (Z) My brother lives ________ Sunset Avenue ___________ Dallas.
at a friend’s house (A’) Can you call me _______ night? I’m very busy _______ in the
morning.
I live at 25, Brunswick Road.
(B’) She is coming __________ Easter Sunday.
(C’) I couldn’t find her shoes because they were __________ her bed.
On (D’) Can you tell me who is sitting ___________ your brother and Jack?
Usa-se ON para iniciar uma posição sobre uma superfície, ou seja, (E’) We don’t go to school __________ Sundays.
lugares pensados em termos de comprimento e largura, mas não altura (F’) I walk ______________ the park three times a day.
(ou profundidade): (G’) There must be a spy ___________ us.
(H’) I feel fine when I am ______________ intelligent people.
on the table (na mesa) (I’) Bob’s ball is ______________ the sofa.

In EXERCISES LEVEL 2
IN refere-se a lugares, ressaltando sua área, sua extensão, seus limites
e seu volume. É usado normalmente com edifícios, cidades, países, etc.: 01 Sam sat ...... many friends and listened to the singers ....... two hours.
in the office (no escritório)
(A) among – to (C) next to – at
(B) between – for (D) among – for
On the road x in the road
On the road é usado para expressar a ideia de “a caminho”, “viajando”, 02 My parents live .... a house .... the end ..... the street.
e In the road, para referir-se apenas ao lugar:
(A) at – at – of (C) on – in – at
How long were you on the road?
(B) in – in – of (D) in – at – of
They were standing in the road.

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03 They all agreed ..... going ..... bus Jane wanted to go ..... foot. 12 Bob can always be met .... the same coffee shop .... Friburgo.

(A) on – by – by (C) on – by – on (A) on – in (C) at – on

(B) with – on – by (D) in – on – on (B) in – in (D) in – on

04 Many people find it is difficult to watch TV and study ....... the same 13 In “He stayed there FOR fifty-two years”, the preposition FOR is
time. equivalent to:

(A) only. (D) before.

(A) in (C) by
(B) while. (E) during.
(B) for (D) at
(C) since.
05 Mark the correct sequence of prepositions:
14 In the sentence “Thus, by holding back their tears...”, the word BY
I. The school was too small .... my time. expresses the same idea as in:
II. .... all my care, it was completely broke.
(A) The detectives waited by the door.
III. ..... first he decided to leave the house.
(B) By ten o’clock, they knocked impatiently.
IV. He has a good ear ..... classical music.
(C) They tried to enter the room by kicking the door.
V. She was proud ....her grades in school.
(D) Since they failed, they went in by the window.
(A) for – of – at – in – after (C) after – for – in – at – of
(B) in – after – at – for – of (D) at – after – in – for – of 15 The smart boy was running ..... one side .... the other.

(A) from – to (C) to – to

06 The preposition UP appears in “Hurry up” but it can’t be used in:
(B) from – from (D) at – from
(A) It’s five o’clock and she’s already .....
(B) He has given .... smoking 16 He was born .... the country but he grew up ..... New York.
(C) Calm .... ; I’ll solve this problem.
(A) in – at (C) in – in
(D) I think Bill made .... this story.
(B) at – in (D) on – in
17 Marque a alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas das frases:
07 Mark the correct sequence of prepositions:
I. The Declaration of Independence was signed ..... July 4, 1796.
I. I will see you ..... Friday.
II. ..... first, I thought you were a thief.
II. They were on holiday ..... Uruguay.
III. ..... present, I am living in Brazil.
III. The teacher goes to work ..... bus.
IV. The book store is ..... the bank. (A) at – at – at (D) in – in – in
V. Babies are afraid ..... the dark. (B) on – at – at (E) in – by – on
(C) on – by – in
(A) by – in – on – of – next to (D) on – by – in – of – next to
(B) on – in – by – next to – of (E) next to – in – by – of – on
18 I think there might be a thief .... the house.
(C) on – in – of – next to – by
(A) on (C) inside
08 Where did you copy it ...... ?
(B) into (D) onto
(A) of
(B) with 19 You can find these department stores .... the country.
(C) till
(D) from (A) throughout (C) against
(B) through (D) under
09 She saw a tall boy sitting .... the tree.
20 They were talking while they were walking .... the road.
(A) among (C) over
(B) under (D) at (A) over (C) at
(B) along (D) out
10 They were walking ..... the street when they met Bill.
21 I can wait for you ...... tomorrow.
(A) down (C) over
(B) at (D) under (A) to (C) on
(B) until (D) at
11 These phenomena were observed .... the morning ..... the afternoon
and ..... night. 22 Mike will be here ...... five o’clock.
(A) in – in – on (C) in – at – at
(A) on (C) within
(B) on – in – at (D) in – in – at
(B) in (D) about

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23 She usually reads the newspaper ..... breakfast. (A) of (D) off
(B) by (E) in
(A) at (C) for (C) on
(B) in (D) on
31 Mark the correct sequence of prepositions to complete the following
24 My son was born ..... May 8th ..... 1991. sentences.
(A) in – in (C) at – in
I. Will you lend me your book ..... a few minutes?
(B) in – on (D) on – in
II. Mary will wait for me .... 5 o’clock.
25 They will arrive ..... lunch. III. My German is improving day ..... day.
IV. I will write this letter ..... pleasure.
(A) before (C) on
(B) in (D) from (A) in – for – for – of
(B) for – until – by – with
26 The plane was flying high .... the clouds. (C) for – in – in – in
(D) since – until – in – with
(A) on (C) in (E) in – for – by – of
(B) above (D) out
32 This book is divided ... two parts.
27 Her ring is made ..... gold.
(A) onto (C) in
(A) with (C) from
(B) of (D) into
(B) of (D) to
33 She had to borrow some money…. the bank.
28 Winter begins ..... December 22nd ..... the United States and the
temperature is sometimes .... zero.
(A) at (D) from
(A) before – of – beneath (B) into (E) to
(B) by – on – down (C) by
(C) within – for – through
(D) in – at – under 34 She was angry ……. Brian.
(E) on – in – below
(A) to (C) from
29 Brian insisted ..... helping Mary ..... her homework. (B) with (D) at

(A) in – within (D) on – with 35 English is different ….. German.

(B) on – for (E) with – from
(C) for – with (A) for (C) at
(B) of (D) from
30 Mark the correct alternative to complete the sentences below.

I. Bill lives ...... Brooklyn street.

II. He was born ..... the night of May 15
III. They were ...... their way home when they met Frank.

NOTES

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