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    Unit 2 Notes For CIE 2

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    Unit 2 Notes For CIE 2

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    mdshayan7786
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    notes cie

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    unit 2 notes for CIE 2

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    notes cie

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views19 pages

    Unit 2 Notes For CIE 2

    Uploaded by

    mdshayan7786
    notes cie

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

    ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES

    SUB CODE:22AU52
    UNIT-2
    Reference Book: Modern
    STAFF: DR.S.JENORIS MUTHIYA
    electric ,Hybrid and Fuel cell
    ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
    vehicle fundamentals theory
    DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING design by MehrdadEHsani
    DSCE
    Coefficient of Drag
    • The drag coefficient is a dimensionless quantity that is used to
    quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid
    environment, such as air or water.
    • The drag coefficient is a common measure in automotive design
    as it pertains to aerodynamics.
    • Drag is a force that acts parallel to and in the same direction
    as the airflow. The drag coefficient of an automobile measures
    the way the automobile passes through the surrounding air.

    • When automobile companies design a new vehicle they take


    into consideration the automobile drag coefficient in addition
    to the other performance characteristics.
    • Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed;
    therefore it becomes critically important at higher speeds.
    • Reducing the drag coefficient in an automobile improves the
    performance of the vehicle as it pertains to speed and fuel
    efficiency
    Coefficient of Drag testing
    Coefficient of Drag
    • The rolling resistance of tires on hard surfaces is due to hysteresis in the tire
    material. In Figure 2 a tire at standstill is shown.
    • On this tyre a force (P), is acting at its centre. The pressure in the contact area
    between the tire and the ground is distributed symmetrically to the centre line
    and the resulting reaction force (Pz) is aligned along P.
    Hysteresis in the tire
    • Loss of energy due to tire distortion when driving
    • As a tire flexes when it rotates, friction between molecules causes
    energy to be converted to heat. This is known as hysteresis loss. Such
    loss accounts for the majority of all rolling resistance in a tire
    (approximately 90%).
    • Rolling resistance refers to the various forms of resistance against
    driving force when the car is in motion.

    • Several factors contribute to rolling resistance, including wind drag


    on the car, acceleration resistance generated by inertia force when
    speeding up, and resistance on the tires.
    Gradient Resistance
    • The gradient resistance or downhill force relates to the
    slope descending force and is calculated from the weight
    acting at the center of gravity.
    Problem 1
    Drag Coefficient=0.32

    2. Hyundai weights 1800kgs with torque of 1127Nm at wheels assume air


    density at sea level at 1.22kg/m3
    i) find the rolling resistance if coefficient of rolling resistance is o.01.
    ii) Find the air drag if coefficient of air drag is 0.32 @ 60kmph
    iii) Gradient resistance if the inclination is 6 degg
    Toyota Prius

    3. Find the aerodynamic drag force if coefficient of air drag is 0.25 @ 80kmph.
    Assume dry air density at sea level is 1.22kg/m3. Also find lift force if lift
    coefficient is 2.25 @ 80kmph.

    Lift force (FL)=0.5 ρV2 CL A


    Mahindra Reva

    4. Reva weights 800kgs with torque of 91Nm at wheels assume air density at sea
    level at 1.22kg/m3
    i) find the rolling resistance if coefficient of rolling resistance is 0.01.
    ii) Find the air drag if coefficient of air drag is 0.21 @ 60kmph
    iii) Gradient resistance if the inclination is 5 degg
    iv) Find the acceleration at 60KMPH if the motor produces tractive effort 500N in at
    wheels.

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