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Wøzxq Aa VQ Exrmvwywzk Ivwk: Lecture Sheet

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15 views4 pages

Wøzxq Aa VQ Exrmvwywzk Ivwk: Lecture Sheet

Uploaded by

duttaryekkeshor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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wØZxq Aa¨vq

exRMvwYwZK ivwk
LECTURE SHEET

 exRMvwYwZK ivwk (Algebraic expression):


exRMvwYwZK ivwk‡K ms‡ÿ‡c ivwk ejv nq| †hgb : 2x, 2x +
3y, 6x + 4y2 BZ¨vw` cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKwU exRMvwYwZK
ivwk| G‡`i cÖZxKwU‡K PjK ejv nq|
 eûc`x : eûc`x we‡kl ai‡bi exRMvwYwZK ivwk| Giƒc
ivwk‡Z GK ev GKvwaK c` _v‡K| c`¸‡jv GK ev GKvwaK
Pj‡Ki ïay AFYvZ¥K c~Y©mvswL¨K NvZ I aªæe‡Ki ¸Ydj|
x GKwU PjK n‡j a, ax + b, ax2 + bx + c BZ¨vw` AvKv‡ii ivwk x
Pj‡Ki eûc`x| Giƒc GK Pj‡Ki eûc`x, `yB Pj‡Ki eûc`x, wZb
Pj‡Ki eûc`x n‡Z cv‡i|
 fvM‡kl I Drcv`K Dccv`¨
i. P(x) eûc`x‡K x  a Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl P(a) n‡e
ii. P(x) eûc`x‡K ax + b Øviv fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e P
iii.P(a) = 0 n‡j (x  a) n‡”Q P(x) Gi GKwU Drcv`K
vi. P(x) eûc`xi x  a GKwU Drcv`K n‡j P(a) = 0
 mggvwÎK, cÖwZmg I Pµ-µwgK ivwk
mggvwÎK eûc`x (Homogeneous Polynomial) : †Kv‡bv
eûc`xi cÖ‡Z¨K c‡`i gvÎv GKB n‡j, Zv‡K mggvwÎK eûc`x
e‡j|
cÖwZmg ivwk (Symmetric) : GKvwaK PjKwewkó †Kv‡bv
exRMvwYwZK ivwki †h‡Kv‡bv `yBwU Pj‡Ki ¯’vb
wewbg‡q hw` ivwkwU AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K, Z‡e ivwkwU‡K
H PjKmg~‡ni cÖwZmg ivwk ejv nq|
ab + bc + ca ivwkwU a, b, c Pj‡Ki Ges x2 + y2 + z2 + xy + yz + zx
ivwkwU x, y, z Pj‡Ki cÖwZmg ivwk|
Pµ-µwgK ivwk (Cxclic) : Pµ-µwgK ivwk‡Z PjK¸‡jvi ¯’vb
PµvKv‡i cwieZ©b n‡jI ivwki gvb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
wZb Pj‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨K ivwk Pµ-µwgK| wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨K Pµ-µwgK
ivwk cÖwZmg bq|
x2 + y2 + z2 Pµ-µwgK ivwki Kvi‡Y x Gi ¯’‡j y, y Gi ¯’‡j z Ges z
Gi ¯’‡j x emv‡j ivwkwU y2 + z2 + x2 c~‡e©i ivwki mgvb nq|
 Pµ-µwgK eûc`xi Drcv`‡K we‡kølY
K. †Kv‡bv Pµ-µwgK eûc`xi (a  b) GKwU Drcv`K n‡j, (b  c )
Ges (c  a) ivwkwUi Drcv`K n‡e|
L. GK gvÎvi Ges `yB gvÎvi mggvwÎK Pµ-µwgK eûc`x
h_vµ‡g k (a + b + c) I k (a2 + b2 + c2) + m (ab + bc + ca) †hLv‡b
k I m aªæeK|
M.`yBwU eûc`x hw` Ggb nq †h, PjK¸‡jvi mKj gv‡bi Rb¨
G‡`i gvb mgvb nq, Z‡e eûc`x `yBwUi Abyiƒc c`¸‡jvi
mnM ci¯úi mgvb n‡e|
 g~j` fMœvsk (Rational Fractions) : GKwU eûc`x‡K ni
Ges GKwU eûc`x‡K je a‡i MwVZ fMœvsk‡K g~j` fMœvsk
e‡j|
†hgb, Ges g~j` fMœvsk|
g~j`xq fMœvs‡ki mijxKi‡Yi mgq wb‡gœv³ A‡f`¸‡jv webv
cÖgv‡Y MÖnY Kiv hvq :
i. a2 (b  c) + b2 (c  a) + c2 (a  b) =  (a  b) (b  c) (c  a)
ii. bc (b  c) + ca (c  a) + ab(a  b) = (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)
iii. a (b2  c2) + b(c2  a2) + c (a2  b2) = (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)
iv.b2c2 (b2  c2) + c2a2 (c2  a2) + a2b2 (a2  b2) =  (a  b)(b  c)(c 
a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
v. a3 (b  c) + b3 (c  a) + c3 (a  b) =  (a  b)(b  c)(c  a)(a + b + c)
vi. (ab + bc + ca)(a + b + c)  abc = (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
vii.(b + c)(c + a)(a + b) + abc = (a + b + c)(ab + bc + ca)
viii.(a + b + c)3  a3  b3  c3 = 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
Note : GB Aa¨v‡qi cÖwZwU A‡¼i mgvavb Ki‡Z Gme m~Î
e¨envi Ki‡ZB n‡e| ZvB m~θ‡jv gyL¯’ ivLv AZ¨šÍ
Riæwi|
 AvswkK fMœvsk (Partial Fraction) : hw` †Kv‡bv
fMœvsk‡K GKvwaK fMœvs‡ki †hvMdjiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv hvq,
Z‡e †k‡lv³ fMœvsk¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K cÖ_‡gv³ fMœvs‡ki
AvswkK fMœvsk ejv nq|
aiv hvK, N(x) I D(x) DfqB x Pj‡Ki eûc`x Ges je N(x) Gi gvÎv
ni D(x) Gi gvÎv A‡cÿv †QvU nq Zvn‡j fMœvskwU cÖK…Z
fMœvsk (Proper Fraction)| hw` D(x) Gi gvÎv N(x) Gi †P‡q
†QvU ev mgvb nq, Z‡e †mB fMœvsk‡K AcÖK…Z fMœvsk
(Improper Fraction) ejv nq|
 mgZv m~Î :
i. hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ ax + b = px + q nq, Z‡e x = 0 I x = 1
ewm‡q cvB, b = q Ges a + b = p + q hv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, a = p,
b = q.
ii. hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ ax2 + bx + c = px2 + qx + r nq; Z‡e x = 0,
x = 1 I x = 1 ewm‡q cvB, c = r, a + b + c = p + q + r Ges a  b
+ c = p  q + r; hv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, a = p, b = q, c = r.
iii.mvaviYfv‡e, †`Lv hvq †h, hw` mKj x Gi Rb¨ aoxn +
a1xn1 + ....+ an 1 x + an = poxn + p1xn1 + ....+ pn1 x + pn nq,
Z‡e ao = po, a1 = p1, ...., an1 = pn1, an = pn
A_©vr mgZv wP‡ýi Dfqc‡ÿ x Gi GKB Nv‡Zi mnMØq ci¯úi
mgvb|

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