Simplifying Solving Complex Problems

,>BEA>;N>C< ,DAK>C< DBEA:M)GD7A:BH
#DH:E=$6HH:G 26C< 26C<3=6D

-:B6H:@:;:C8:,NHI:BH"CHI>IJI: 'DGL:<>6C"CHI>IJI:D;,NHI:BHC<>C::G>C<
'6I>DC6A.C>K:GH>IND;,>C<6EDG: .C>K:GH>INDAA:<:D;,DJI=:6HI'DGL6N
AD8@ !6H7:G<HK:>
C<>C::G>C<G>K:,>C<6EDG: $DC<H7:G<'DGL6N
B6>A I9H@?CJH :9J H< B6>A N6C<N6C< O=6D=7K CD
*+)+ - +/$*).*!*(+' 3$/4!-*(/# *'$./$#$)&$)" M6BEA:H ;GDB I=: QC::9 ID 9:K:ADE C:L IDDAH 6C9 I:8=
-.+ /$1 . $)$/ /#//# - $. $#*/*(4 *)/# C>FJ:HR H>9: D; I=: 9>8=DIDBN ;DJC9 >C 6 A>I:G6IJG: G:K>:L D;
.0% / *! #*2 /* .*'1 /# +-*' (. ..*$/ 2$/# *(+' 3 8DBEA:M>IN>CI=:HNHI:BH:C<>C::G>C<9DB6>C>C8AJ9:
.4./ (. #$' .*( 0/#*-. *+$) /# ) !*- ) 2 /**'. )
/ #)$,0 ./*.*'1 /# +-*' (.*/# -. .#*2/# .( +-*' (. ,=>CC:GL=DHI6I:9I=6II=:EGD7A:BH EDH:97N8DB
$)" - ( $ .0 ..!0''4 #$. ++ - 3($) . /# .$/0/$*) EA:M>INH::BID7:JCB6C6<:67A: 45
$.0.. . ) - .*'1 . /# $#*/*(4 2$/# - ! - ) /* /# 6G 26B 45 L=D
$/#$)... -..$ -( 2*-& ) /# .
0$'$)"*)+-$*-2*-&/# ++ - /# )(+./# ()" ( )/*! *JDI:9 I=: =6DH HIJ9N 45 HJ<<:HI>C< I=6I I=:
*(+' 3 +-*' (. /#/ . (. /* 2*-& $) /# - ' 2*-' $)/* HNHI:B>8G:6HDC;DGI=:8=6AA:C<:9EGD?:8IH >CI=:
)*/$*)' +-* ..# ++ -*)'0 ./#/ *(+' 3$/4) HIJ9N L6HI=:>G>C=:G:CI8DBEA:M>IN
) $. $)" ()" .0 ..!0''4 $! /# *-- / +-$"(. - ,I6I:9 S&)##')+ #',)'&**(,++*+
++'$ ) /# 1-$*0..$)"' +..+-* .. .!*-.*'1$)")*) %&&$'#/% %)*0*+$* * $'&** #T
*(+' 3 .4./ (. - .0. /. *! /# 3$./$)" 0'/$+' / -/$*) 6C9 HJ<<:HI:9 6C :KDAJI>DC6GN EGD8:HH ;DG :C<>
-*' (*'1$)"-* .. C::G>C<A6G<:8DBEA:MHNHI:BH
$75.0#1".,/+$61712$,11712$,1$-&(-$$0(-& 1712$,12'(-* -=:DBEA:M>IN)G>B:G;DG,NHI:BHC<>C::GH 45
(-& '3, - % "2.01 3+2(/+$2$0 2(.- 0.!+$,.+4(-& 0."$11
(-$712$,1 .#$+ M6BEA:H;GDBI=: DI=:G H>9:D;I=:9>8=DIDBN>C8AJ9:
" #:C@>CH L=D 9:;>C:9 HNHI:BH :C<>C::G>C< 6H S+
* %&* % %&$'#/*0*+$* %+ )+&+# +0
-=>H E6E:G 9D8JB:CIH I=: ;>C9>C<H ;GDB G:H:6G8= DC I=: +& %*,) ++ + &$'&%%+ *,*0*+$* $" % ,'
HJ7?:8ID;=DLIDHDAK:I=:EGD7A:BH6HHD8>6I:9L>I=8DBEA:M +*0*+$)* % +++&+)"%
HNHI:BH I=6I7:<6C>C -=:E6E:G 9>H8JHH:H 6C9 G:HDAK:H &')+ %+$&*+ %+.0T 45
I=: 9>8=DIDBN DC I=: HJ7?:8I D; =DL ID HDAK: I=: EGD7A:BH ,NHI:BH:C<>C::G>C<L6HI=: HJ88:HH;JA B6C6<:B:CI
6HHD8>6I:9 L>I= 8DBEA:M HNHI:BH L>I= G:;:G:C8: ID I=: B:I=D9DAD<NI=6I8G:6I:9I=:,:B>6JIDB6I>8 GDJC9
!>I8=>CH $6HH:G &6HH>:G6B:LDG@!$& 4 5 6C9I=:!D CK>GDCB:CI, EGD?:8I68DBEJI:G6C9G696G
A>HI>8-=>C@>C<):GHE:8I>K:H!-) 45 J>A9>C<DCEG>DGLDG@ 76H:9 6>G 9:;:C8: HNHI:BH >C I=: .C>I:9 ,I6I:H D;
I=:E6E:GI=:C9>H8JHH:H6HE:8IHD;8DBEA:M>IN6C9DJIA>C:H6 B:G>86>CI=: H 45 , L6H6B6HH>K:C:I
EGD8:HH;DGHDAK>C<I=:EGD7A:BH6HHD8>6I:9L>I=8DBEA:MHNH LDG@:9HNHI:BD;G696GH6CI> 6>G8G6;I<JCH6C98DB
I:BHL=>8= 6EE:6GHID B6E>CIDI=:B6CC:GI=6ILDG@H >CI=: EJI:GH
G:6A LDGA9 >C 6C 6AI:GC6I>K: E6G69><B I=: &JAI>EA: "I:G6I>DC "C9JHIGN 7:>C< 67A: ID B6C6<: 8DBEA:M>IN L>I=DJI
)GD7A:B ,DAK>C<)GD8:HH J:IDI=:A>B>I6I>DCHD;HE68:I=: IDDB6CN >HHJ:H>CHJ8=9>K:GH:9DB6>CH6H ;A::IH D;
E6E:G G:;:G:C8:H 699>I>DC6A :M6BEA:H >C I=: A>I:G6IJG: -=: 8GJ>H: H=>EH 6>GA>C:H >CI:GC6I>DC6A 6>G ;G:><=I ;DG
E6E:G 6HH:GIH I=6I L6G9>C<8DBE6C>:H6JIDB6I:9G6E>9IG6CH>IHNHI:BH
DBEA:M>IN86C7:B6C6<:9>C I=:6EEGDEG>6I:E6G6 76C@>C< K>6 I=: "CI:GC:I 6C9 JIDB6I>8 -:AA:G &6
9><B 8=>C:H-&=DHE>I6AHD>AG><H:I8
-=: K6G>DJH H>C<A: E6HH EGD8:HH:H ;DG HDAK>C< CDC
8DBEA:MHNHI:BH6G:HJ7H:IHD; I=: &JAI>EA: "I:G6I>DC """
)GD7A:B ,DAK>C< )GD8:HH ;DG HDAK>C< 8DBEA:M HNH -=:9>8=DIDBN HJBB6G>O:9>C -% B6N7: G:HDAK:9
I:BH 7ND7H:GK>C<I=6I :68=H>9:>H;D8JH:9DC DC:DGBDG: 9>;;:G:CI
CDC 8DCIG69>8IDGN 6HE:8IH D;I=:H>IJ6I>DC 6H ;DAADLH
""
(C:H>9:B6N7:I6A@>C<67DJII=:C::9ID9:K:ADEC:L
):G8:EI>DCHD;8DBEA:M>IN;GDBI=:!-)H 45 >C9>86I:I=6I IDDAH 6C9 I:8=C>FJ:H ID HDAK: I=: EGD7A:BH 6HHD8>6I:9
I=:G: >H 69>8=DIDBNDCI=:HJ7?:8ID;=DLIDHDAK:I=:EGD7 L>I= EGD9J8>C< 6 H>C<A: 8DGG:8I DEI>B6A HDAJI>DC I=6I
A:BH 6HHD8>6I:9 L>I= 8DBEA:M HNHI:BH (C DC: =6C9 I=:G: >H H6I>H;>:H I=: EGD7A:B L=>A: I=: DI=:G H>9: 8DCH>HIH D;
A>I:G6IJG:DCI=:C::9ID9:K:ADEC:LIDDAH6C9I:8=C>FJ:HID I=DH: L=D 6G: L>AA>C< ID H:IIA: ;DG 6C 688:EI67A: HDAJ
HDAK: I=: EGD7A:BH 6C9 DC I=: DI=:G =6C9 I=:G: >H A>I:G6IJG: I>DCI=6IH6I>H;>8:HI=:EGD7A:B
I=6I H=DLH I=6I I=: H6B: EGD7A:BH 6G: 7:>C< G:B:9>:9 HJ8
8:HH;JAAN
Authorized licensed use limited to: Stockholm University. Downloaded on November 17,2024 at 19:39:41 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
-% ,.&&+2(+,(',(+-!"!(-&2+(&/+"(.,)+,)-"/,
-.+ /$1 ) 2/**'.)/ #)$,0 . #/5./# +-*' (
*'0/$*)+-$"( %DD@H;DG6H>C<A:8DGG:8IHDAJI>DC %DD@H;DG688:EI67A:HDAJI>DCH
*'0()
4 - %6N:GBDK>C<JEID%6N:G "C%6N:G
0% /$1 *(+' 3$/4 /:GN 'DI6I6AA
/-0/0- *!/# +-*' ( DC;JH>C<>AA HIGJ8IJG:9L>I= 8DBEA:M>IN 'D8DC;JH>DC
(C: H>9: B6N 7: I6A@>C< 67DJI 9:K:ADE>C< 8DBEA:M "C699>I>DC ;GDBI=: K6G>DJH9:;>C>I>DCHD;6HNHI:B>CI=:
HNHI:BH !$& DAJBCH 6C9 I=: DI=:G H>9: A>I:G6IJG:
B6N 7: I6@>C< 67DJI B6C6<>C< 8DBEA:M HNHI:BH >C
DE:G6I>DC !$&DAJBC #68@HDC 9:;>C:H 6 HNHI:B 6H S &$'#/ .&# +
(C: H>9: B6N 7: EDH>I>DC:9 >C I=: !$& %6N:G ,%+ &% %&. '%*&% +*')+*%+ %
L=>A: I=:DI=:GH>9:>H EDH>I>DC:9 >CI=:!$&%6N:G +)+ &%*+.%+&*')+*T 4 5
-=:I=:DGND;>CI:<G6I>K:A:K:AH 45 8>I:97N 0>A S#** + &%&*0*+$*&$'#/&)* $'#
HDC 4 5 G:8D<C>O:HI=6IHNHI:B7:=6K>DJG>H9>;;:G:CI . ##'%,'&%+&*)-)&+*0*+$%,'&%
>C I=: 9>;;:G:CI A:K:AH D; I=: =>:G6G8=N HD I=6I IDDAH +',)'&**&)&%*+),+ %+*0*+$T 4 5
6C9I:8=C>FJ:HI=6I LDG@6IDC:A:K:A B6N CDI LDG@ S * $'# *0*+$ . ## ') - +& &%* *+ &
>C DI=:GH &DG:DK:G I=: %6N:G H>9: 6G: JH:9 ID *$## %,$) & #$%+* % + %+)+ &%
9:6A>C<L>I=I=:>GHNHI:B>C%6N:GI=:B:I6HNHI:B +.%+*#$%+*. ##.&)+#*+),#)
>C %6N:G 6C9 I=: HJ7HNHI:B >C %6N:G 0=:C I=:N &$'#/*0*+$. ##&%+&+)%*%*
BDK:JE>CID%6N:GI=:N699%6N:GIDI=:>G6G:6 % &$'&* & #) %,$) & #$%+* %
D;8DC8:GC7JI9DCDI9GDE%6N:G >C8G:6H>C<I=: 6G +*. ## #0 %+))#+T 4 5
I>;>8>6A 8DBEA:M>IN -=DH:>CI=:DI=:GH>9:D;I=:9> S &$'#/ *0*+$ * % **$#0 & %+)+ %
8=DIDBN 6AG:69N >C %6N:G =6K: 9GDEE:9 %6N:G $$)* ++ * ,#+ +& ,%)*+% * .&#T
H>BEA>;N>C< I=:>G6G:6D;8DC8:GC 4 5
(C:H>9:B6N E:G8:>K: I=:H>IJ6I>DC;GDB69>;;:G:CI "I 6EE:6GH I=6I 8DBEA:M>IN >H >C I=: :N: D; I=: 7:=DA9:G
A:K:AD;HJ7?:8I>K:8DBEA:M>INI=6CI=:DI=:G 4 5 N:II=:G:6G:CDHE:8>;>8CJB7:GHI=6I86C7:JH:9ID9>H
(C: H>9: B6N 7: 8DC;JH>C< >AA HIGJ8IJG:9 EGD7A:BH I>C<J>H=8DBEA:MHNHI:BH;GDBCDC 8DBEA:MHNHI:BH
L>I=8DBEA:M>INL=>A:I=: DI=:G9D:HCDI
-=: 6IIG>7JI:H 6HHD8>6I:9 L>I= I=: 9>;;:G:CI 9:;>C>I>DCH D;
"/ D7?:8I>K:8DBEA:M>IN >C8AJ9:
:;DG:9D8JB:CI>C<6EEGD68=:HIDHDAK:I=:EGD7A:BH6H 'JB7:GD;>HHJ:H;JC8I>DCHDGK6G>67A:H>CKDAK:9>C
HD8>6I:9L>I=8DBEA:MHNHI:BH>I>HJH:;JAID=6K:6LDG@>C< I=:EGD7A:B
9:;>C>I>DCD;8DBEA:M>IN6C9D;68DBEA:MEGD7A:B :<G::D;8DCC:8I>K>IN6BDC<I=DH:K6G>67A:H
% + &%& &$'#/ +0 -NE:D;G:A6I>DCH=>EH6BDC<I=DH:K6G>67A:H
,I67>A>IND;I=:EGDE:GI>:HD;I=:K6G>67A:HDK:GI>B:
-=:G:>HCDH>C<A:9:;>C>I>DC D; 8DBEA:M>IN -=:A>I:G6IJG:
DC8DBEA:M>IN8DCI6>CH9>;;:G:CI9:;>C>I>DCHD;I=:I:GB L=>8= % + &%&&$'#/')&#$
8ADJ9I=:H>IJ6I>DC DG:M6BEA: -=:H8>:CI>;>88DBBJC>IN86CCDI6<G::DC6H>C<A:9:;>C>
3 &$'#/ *0*+$ ,*,##0 &%* *+* & #) %,$ I>DCD;68DBEA:MEGD7A:B 4 5 8>I:97N 4 5 88DG9>C<AN A:I
) & $$)* #$%+* &) %+* . %+)+ 68DBEA:MEGD7A:B7:DC:D;H:ID;EGD7A:BHEDH:9IDG:B:9N
. + &% %&+) % . + + %- )&%$%+4 4 5 I=:86JH:HD;JC9:H>G67>A>IN>C6H>IJ6I>DC>CL=>8=I=:HDAJI>DC
88DG9>C< ID I=>H 9:;>C>I>DC I=: DCAN 9>;;:G:C8: 7: IDDC:EGD7A:B6;;:8IH6CDI=:G6HE:8ID;I=:JC9:H>G67A:H>IJ6
IL::C6HNHI:B6C968DBEA:MHNHI:B>H>CI=:>CI:G I>DC
EG:I6I>DCD;I=:B:6C>C<D;I=:LDG9QA6G<:R
/
A&6G6<=N:I6A LGDI: 3 &#.## %+ )+0
+.& &$'#/ +0 +0'* % +.#- )%+ * '# %* DBEA:M>IN 86C 7: E6GI>I>DC:9 >C K6G>DJH L6NH DCH>9:G
% &$ %* *, * ')&!+* *+),+,)# +% # I=:7:C:;>IHD;E6GI>I>DC>C<8DBEA:M>IN 6H :>I=:G ,J7?:8I>K: DG
&$',++ &%#,%+ &%#%&')+ &%#&$'#/ (7?:8I>K:8DBEA:M>IN
+04 4 5 ,!+ -&$'#/ +0
-DB>N6B6 :I 6A >CIGD9J8:9 ILD 9>;;:G:CI INE:H D;
8DBEA:M>IN>8DBEA:M>IN7N9:H><C6C9>>I=:>C ,>AA>IID 9>HI>C<J>H=:9 7:IL::C HJ7?:8I>K: 6C9 D7?:8I>K:
IG>CH>8 8DBEA:M>IN D; BJAI>9>H8>EA>C6GN ;GDB I=: 8DBEA:M>IN 4 5 6H
K>:LED>CID;@CDLA:9<:HIGJ8IJG: 4 5 3!)$"2(4$ ".,/+$6(27 P L=>8= B:6CH I=6I E:DEA:
,J= 9:;>C:9 8DBEA:M>IN 6H 3+ $*,) & ,%) 9DCRIJC9:GHI6C9>I6C986CRI<:II=:>G=:69HGDJC9>I
+ %+0 % - %+,%+ &%#)(, )$%+* * !)$"2(4$ ".,/+$6(27 2 L=>8= B:6CHI=6II=:EGD7A:B
&*0*+$. + %+ )*' * %)%4 4 5 H>IJ6I>DCDGI=:HDAJI>DC=6H6C>CIG>CH>86C9B:6HJG6
,J= 6AHD HI6I:9 I=: C::9 ID 67HIG68I DJI I=>C<H I=6I 7A:9:<G::D; 8DBEA:M>IN
L:G:CDIE:GI>C:CIIDI=:>HHJ:H6I=6C9
0=>8= 86C7:FJ6CI>;>:9>CID;DJGA:K:AHD;9>;;>8JAIN 4 5
%+)+ % + ')+ # )$ * %+& .&# )$0T (C:
86C I=:C 699 I=6I S -) &,* ')&#$*&#- % ')&*** %
+# +)+,) )')+*&$+')&#$*&#- %')&**++
*+)+*. + ## %')&#$*&%-)+*+$+&.## %
')&#$*%-&#-*)$0+&+*+&.## %')&
#$* )&% 1 % +++')&#$$0%. #+)$
0 * %-#&'T 4 5
N D7H:GK>C< I=: B6C6<:B:CI D; 8DBEA:M HNHI:BH >C >C
9JHIGN ;GDB I=:!-)H>I L6H EDHH>7A: ID>C;:G 6 B:I6 EGD8:HH
;DG HDAK>C< I=: EGD7A:BH 6HHD8>6I:9 L>I= 8DBEA:M HNHI:BH
76H:9DC6 BD9>;>:9K:GH>DC D; I=::M>HI>C< =DA>HI>8:MI:C9:9
EGD7A:B HDAK>C< EGD8:HH 45 %:I I=>H B:I6 EGD8:HH H=DLC >C
><JG: 7: 86AA:9 I=: &JAI>EA: "I:G6I>DC )GD7A:B ,DAK>C<
><JG: -=:-LD )6GI &JAI>EA: "I:G6I>DC)GD7A:B ,DAK>C<)GD8:HH
)GD8:HH -=: &JAI>EA: "I:G6I>DC)GD7A:B ,DAK>C<)GD8:HH 8DC
-=:G:9DCDI6EE:6GID7:JC>FJ:LDG9HI=6IJC>FJ:AN9: H>HIHD;ILD H:FJ:CI>6A EGD7A:B HDAK>C<EGD8:HH:H:B7:99:9>C
;>C: I=: 8DC8:EIH D; QHJ7?:8I>K: 8DBEA:M>INR 6C9 QD7?:8I>K: 6C >I:G6I>K: ADDE -=: ;>GHI EGD7A:B HDAK>C< EGD8:HH 8DCK:GIH
8DBEA:M>INR >C I=: C<A>H= A6C<J6<: !:C8: I=: A>I:G6IJG: 68 I=:>AA HIGJ8IJG:9EGD7A:B 4 5 EDH:97NI=:8DBEA:MH>IJ6I>DC
8DG9>C<ANJH:HI=:LDG9HQ8DBEA>86I:9R6C9Q8DBEA:MR 7DI= 6H >CIDDC:DGBDG:L:AA HIGJ8IJG:9EGD7A:BH ,>C8:DC:EGD7A:B
HNCDCNBH ID B:6C 7DI= HJ7?:8I>K: 6C9 D7?:8I>K: 8DBEA:M>IN HDAK>C< 6EEGD68= 9D:H CDI ;>I 6AA EGD7A:BH 4 5 I=: H:8DC9
6C9 ID9>HI>C<J>H=7:IL::CHJ7?:8I>K:6C9D7?:8I>K:8DBEA:M> EGD7A:B HDAK>C<EGD8:HH >H I6>ADG:9IDG:B:9NHE:8>;>8INE:D;
IN -D;JGI=:GBJ99NI=:H>IJ6I>DCHDB:6JI=DGHJH: I=:LDG9 EGD7A:BH =D>8: D; L=>8= D; I=: EGD7A:BH >9:CI>;>:9 7N I=:
8DBEA:M ID B:6C HJ7?:8I>K: 8DBEA:M>IN L=>A: DI=:GH JH: I=: ;>GHIEGD7A:B HDAK>C<EGD8:HHIDI68@A:>CI=:H:8DC9EGD7A:B
LDG9 8DBEA>86I:9 ID B:6C HJ7?:8I>K: 8DBEA:M>IN 6C9 K>8: HDAK>C<EGD8:HHL>AA9:E:C9DC6CJB7:GD;;68IDGH>C8AJ9>C<
K:GH6 JG<:C8N >BE68I DC JC9:H>G67A: H>IJ6I>DC I=: C::9 ID H=DL
:6GANG:HJAIH6C96K6>A67A:G:HDJG8:H
!+ -&$'#/ +0
)*+')&#$*&#- %')&***
-=:K6G>DJH9:;>C>I>DCHD;D7?:8I>K:8DBEA:M>IN>CI=:A>I
:G6IJG:86C7:6<<G:<6I:9>CIDILDINE:H 6H ;DAADLH 45 -=: ;>GHI EGD7A:B HDAK>C< EGD8:HH:H >C I=: &JAI>EA:
"I:G6I>DC )GD7A:B ,DAK>C< )GD8:HH G:B:9>:H 6 G:H:6G8= EGD7
$ +5.0+#".,/+$6(27 >CL=>8=:A:B:CIHD;I=:G:6A A:BJH>C<6C696EI6I>DCD;I=:,8>:CI>;>8&:I=D9 4 5 -=>H>H
LDGA9 6G: G:A6I:9 >C HDB: ;6H=>DC 6C9 B69: JE D; I=:EGD8:HHI=6I;><JG:HDJII=:C6IJG:D;I=:EGD7A:B6I>8H>IJ6
8DBEDC:CIH -=>H 8DBEA:M>IN >H CDI G:9J8:9 7N 6E I>DC 6C9L=6IC::9HID7:9DC:67DJI>I -=:DJIEJID;I=:EGD
EGDEG>6I:67HIG68I>DC>I>HDCAN=>99:C 8:HH>H6EG>DG>I>O:9A>HID;I=>C<HID8=6C<:76H:9DCI=:86JH
02(%("( +".,/+$6(27 6G>H>C<;GDB:>I=:GEDDG6<<G: :H D; I=: JC9:H>G67>A>IN 6C9 I=:>G >BEDGI6C8: -=: EGD7A:B
<6I>DC DG ;6>AJG: ID 67HIG68I DJI :A:B:CIH D; I=: G:6A HDAK:GH8G:6I:I=: EG>DG>I>O:9A>HID;I=>C<HID8=6C<: 7N
LDGA9 I=6I >C BDHI >CHI6C8:H H=DJA9 =6K: 7::C 67
HIG68I:9 DJI L=:C 9G6L>C< I=: >CI:GC6A 6C9 :MI:GC6A 6>C>C<6 I=DGDJ<= JC9:GHI6C9>C<D;H>IJ6I>DC
HNHI:B7DJC96G>:HH>C8:I=:N6G:CDIG:A:K6CIIDI=: G:6I>C<I=:, 6C9E:G;DGB>C<;:6H>7>A>INHIJ9
EJGEDH:;DGL=>8=I=:HNHI:BL6H 8G:6I:9 DG:M6B >:H
EA:>CID96NRHE6G69><B8DBEA:M9G6L>C<H6G:<:C "9:CI>;N>C<EGD767A:86JH:HD;JC9:H>G67>A>IN

:G6I:9 I=6I 8DCI6>C ADIH D; >C;DGB6I>DC 6C9 I=: D7 HI>B6I>C< I=: 6EEGDM>B6I: 8DCIG>7JI>DC D; :68=
H:GK:G >H HJEEDH:9 ID 67HIG68I >C;DGB6I>DC 6H C:8:H 86JH:IDI=:JC9:H>G67A:H>IJ6I>DC
H6GN ;GDB I=: 9G6L>C<H -=: C6IJG6A 8DBEA:M>IN D; :K:ADE>C<EG>DG>I>:H;DGG:B:9N>C<I=:86JH:H
I=:6G:6D;>CI:G:HI>H>C8AJ9:9>CI=:9G6L>C<H=:C8: "I>HD;I:CEDHH>7A:ID68=>:K:8DCH:CHJH:HDC L=6I>HJC
I=:HNHI:B>HI=DJ<=IID7:8DBEA:M 9:H>G67A: 6C9 DC I=: , :K:C L=:C 8DCH:CHJH DC I=:
.H>C< I=: 6C6AD<N ID 8DBEA:M CJB7:GH >C B6I=:B6I>8H 86JH:HD;I=:JC9:H>G67>A>IN 86CCDI7:68=>:K:9
4 5D7?:8I>K:8DBEA:M>INB6N7:8DCH>9:G:96HI=:G:6AE6GI :6H>7>A>IN HIJ9>:H DC I=: , 6G: E:G;DGB:9 DC I=:
D;8DBEA:M>IN6C9HJ7?:8I>K:8DBEA:M>IN B6N7:8DCH>9:G:9 6H , 7:86JH:I=:G:>HCDED>CI>C8G:6I>C<6,>;>I>H
I=: >B6<>C6GN E6GI H>C8: >I 86C 7: G:9J8:9 7N :9J86I>DC 6C9 CDI;:6H>7A: M6BEA:H>C8AJ9:
:ME:G>:C8:
/$0 2(.- + %$ 1(!(+(27 H>C<A: HDAJI>DC DG 8DB7>
/" C6I>DCD;E6GI>6AHDAJI>DCH >H68=>:K67A:
GDB I=: E:GHE:8I>K: D; I=: EGD7A:B HDAK>C< E6G69><B D; 203"230 + 2$"'-(" + %$ 1(!(+(27 HJ>I67A: I:8=CDAD
HNHI:BH :C<>C::G>C< 45 I=: HI6C96G9 HNHI:BH :C<>C::G>C< <>:H:M>HI6II=:6EEGDEG>6I:I:8=CDAD<NG:69>C:HHA:K
6EEGD68= 86C 7: G:LDG9:9 ID 7:8DB: S% -&#,+ &%)0 ' :AH
')&+&)$0 %+,%* ) # +0 %* +,+ &%0 +,)% 3 -2(2 2(4$%$ 1(!(+(27 DHIG>H@6C9JC8:GI6>CIN
%% ##*+),+,)')&#$ %+&%,$)&.##*+),+,) $,/.0 + %$ 1(!(+(27 ,8=:9JA: I=: HDAJI>DC L>AA 7:
')&#$* )$0 % + .##*+),+,) ')&#$* % +% G:69NL=:CC::9:9
H 6C :M6BEA: I=: 8DBEA:M EGD7A:B B6N 7: 6HHD8>6I:9

-=: ((E:G6I>DC6A/>:L(/9>6<G6BH86C7: LDC9:G;JA:M6BEA:H L>I= JC9:H>G67A: IG6;;>8 8DC<:HI>DC >C 6C JG76C 6G:6 -=:
D;6GI>;>8>6A8DBEA:M>IN B6NDG ;::A>C< JC9:G EG:HHJG: ID 9D HDB:I=>C< 67DJI I=:
<GDL>C<IG6;;>88DC<:HI>DC>C=:G8>INEGDK>9:HI=:IG><<:GID &6N 8DCI6>C JC6CI>8>E6I:9 JC9:H>G67A: :B:G<:CI
>C>I>6I:I=:EGD7A:B HDAK>C<EGD8:HHL=>8=7:<>CHL>I=I=:>AA EGDE:GI>:H ;GDB I=: *&#,+ &% *0*+$ 6C9 >IH >CI:G68
HIGJ8IJG:9 EGD7A:B D; =DL ID G:B:9N I=: JC9:H>G67A: :;;:8IH I>DCHL>I=>IH69?68:CIHNHI:BH
D;IG6;;>88DC<:HI>DC &6N DCAN E6GI>6AAN G:B:9N C:L JC9:H>G67A: 6HE:8IH
CJC9:GHI6C9>C<D;I=:H>IJ6I>DCB><=IEGD9J8:6CJB7:G I=6I =6K: H=DLC JE >C I=: H>IJ6I>DC 9JG>C< I=: I>B:
D;86JH:H -=: 6C6ANH>HLDJA96AHDEGDK>9:FJ6CI>I6I>K:>C;DG I6@:CID9:K:ADEI=:HDAJI>DCHNHI:B
B6I>DCHJ8=6H6C :HI>B6I:D;I=:9:<G::D;I=:8DCIG>7JI>DC7N &6N EGD9J8: C:L JC6CI>8>E6I:9 JC9:H>G:9 :B:G<:CI
I=:86JH:IDI=:JC9:H>G67A:H>IJ6I>DC EGDE:GI>:H D; I=: HDAJI>DC HNHI:B 6C9 >IH >CI:G68I>DCH
L>I=>IH69?68:CIHNHI:BHL=>8=>CIJGCEGD9J8:C:L
-=:C::9IDG:B:9N:68=86JH: LDJA9I=:C7:EG>DG>I>O:9 JC9:H>G67A:DJI8DB:H
688DG9>C< ID H:A:8I>DC 8G>I:G>6 I=6I B><=I >C8AJ9: 8DHI H8=:9
JA:EDA>I>86A 8DCHIG6>CIHE:G;DGB6C8: 6C9GD7JHIC:HH -=:EGD8:HHJH:97N', >CI=: HL=:C;68:9L>I=
I=:L:AA HIGJ8IJG:98DBEA:MEGD7A:BD;A6C9>C<6B6CDCI=:
-=: D;I:C ;DG<DII:C 9DB6>C @CDLA:9<: C::9:9 ID <6>C BDDC6C9G:IJGC>C< =>BH6;:ANID:6GI=L>I=>C69:869: B6EH
8DCH:CHJHDC6C9EG>DG>I>O:I=:86JH:>HQ=JB6CC6IJG:R 68= >CIDI=:&JAI>EA: "I:G6I>DC)GD7A:B ,DAK>C<)GD8:HH
D; I=: HI6@:=DA9:GH C::9H ID @CDL QL=6IRH >C >I ;DG I=:BR >C
>BEA:B:CI>C<I=:8=6C<: ,D>I>HI=:I6H@D;I=:HNHI:BH:C<> /""
C::GID>9:CI>;N6C98DBBJC>86I:I=6I>C;DGB6I>DC -=:@:NIDEGDK>9>C<6C688:EI67A:G:B:9NIDI=:EGD7A:B
-DDAH 9:K:ADE:9 ;DG <6>C>C< 6C JC9:GHI6C9>C< D; I=: HNH >H6IGJ:JC9:GHI6C9>C<D;I=:H>IJ6I>DC -=:EG>C8>EA:D;=>:G
I:BH>IJ6I>DC6C9I=:C6IJG:D;>IHJC9:H>G67>A>IN >C8AJ9: 6G8=>:H >C HNHI:BH 4 5 8>I:9 7N 4 5 >H DC: D; I=: L6NH =J
B6C>IN=6HB6C6<:98DBEA:M>IN;DGBDHID;>IHG:8DG9:9=>HID
=:8@A6C9RH ,D;I,NHI:BH&:I=D9DAD<N,,& 45 GN -=: D7H:GK6I>DCH D; I=: L6N I=6I >C9JHIGN B6C6<:H 8DB
K>HDC 6C9 >IO<:G6A9RH >CI:GK:CI>DC>HI B:I=D9DAD<N EA:M>IN B6EH >CID I=: JH: D; I=: EG>C8>EA: D; =>:G6G8=>:H -=:
45 EGD8:HH;DG <6>C>C<6CJC9:GHI6C9>C<D;I=:H>IJ6I>DC >H
-=:'>C:,NHI:B&D9:A6C9I=:!-)H 4 5
>HI>C<J>H=>C< 7:IL::C HJ7?:8I>K: 6C9 D7?:8I>K:
6H:,IJ9N9:H8G>7>C<I=:;>GHIEGD7A:B HDAK>C<EGD8:HH 8DBEA:M>IN
>HI=:&,(96I6HL>I8=G:EA68:B:CIEGD?:8I 45 -=:6H: &>C>B>O>C< 6GI>;>8>6A D7?:8I>K: 8DBEA:M>IN 7N 67
,IJ9N9>H8JHH:H6H>IJ6I>DC>CL=>8=6,,&H>B>A6GIDK>HDC HIG68I>C<DJICDC E:GI>C:CI6HE:8IHD;I=:H>IJ6I>DC
6C9 >IO<:G6A9RH >CI:GK:CI>DC>HI B:I=D9DAD<N 45 8DJEA:9 )6GI>I>DC>C< I=: H>IJ6I>DC ID DEI>B>O: I=: H>IJ6I>DC
L>I= 6C D7?:8I DG>:CI:9 6EEGD68= ;DG K>:L>C< G:FJ>G:B:CIH HNHI:B
L6HJH:9>C6I6>ADG:9K:GH>DCD;I=:HNHI:B:C<>C::G>C<EGD7 .C9:GHI6C9>C<I=:G:A6I>DCH=>EH7:IL::CI=:E6GIHD;
A:B HDAK>C< EGD8:HH >C 6 8DBEA:M :CK>GDCB:CI 7N 6 HNHI:BH I=:HNHI:B6C9I=::B:G<:CIEGDE:GI>:H
:C<>C::G>C< I:6B ID HDAK: I=: EGD7A:B EDH:9 7N I=: C::9 ID EEAN>C< I=: IDDAH 6C9 I:8=C>FJ:H HJ>I:9 ;DG I=: 6E
>AA>8>I :AJ8>96I: 6C9 68=>:K: 8DCH:CHJH DC ILD H:IH D; G: EGDEG>6I:A6N:G>CI=:!$&
.H>C<BJAI>EA:E6GI>6AK>:LHD;I=:HNHI:B>CHI:69D;

FJ>G:B:CIH DI= 6CDEI>B6AHNHI:BH6G8=>I:8IJG:6C9DEI>B6A
,NHI:B :K:ADEB:CI)GD8:HH,) 9:H><C L:G:68=>:K:9>C 8DBEA:M6C98DBEA>86I:9H>C<A:K>:LH
6G:A6I>K:ANH=DGIE:G>D9D;I>B:8DBE6G:9IDJH>C<I=:HI6C9
*+ %, * %+.%*,!+ -%&!+ -&$'#/ +0
6G9 HNHI:BH :C<>C::G>C< 6EEGD68= &DG:DK:G I=: 8JHIDB:G
9::B:9 I=: ,NHI:BH +:FJ>G:B:CIH +:K>:L ,++ 6C9 I=: "C<6>C>C<6CJC9:GHI6C9>C<D;6H>IJ6I>DCI=:JC9:GHI6C9
,NHI:B +:FJ>G:B:CIH D8JB:CI 4 5 8DBEA:I: 6C9 8DBEG: >C< >H >C;:GG:9 ;GDB I=: D7H:GK6I>DCH 6C9 D;I:C HI6I:9 6H QI=:
=:CH>K: 86JH:>HVRDGQI=:EGD7A:B>H R -=:JC9:GHI6C9>C<>H76H:9
DC9:8>H>DCH6C9DC:D;I=: 9:8>H>DCIG6EHDG;68IDGHI=6IA:69
*&%')&#$*&#- %')&** ID7699:8>H>DCH 45 >HA68@ D; 9DB6>C @CDLA:9<: L=>8= >C
-=: H:8DC9 EGD7A:B HDAK>C< EGD8:HH >C I=: &JAI>EA: 8G:6H:HI=:HJ7?:8I>K:8DBEA:M>IN DB6>C @CDLA:9<: >H8G>I>
"I:G6I>DC )GD7A:B ,DAK>C< )GD8:HH >H 6C >CI:GK:CI>DC EGD7A:B 86A>C6AAI=G::9DB6>CHI=:EGD7A:BHDAJI>DC6C9>BEA:B:C
4 5 6C9 G:B:9>:H I=: 6HE:8IH D; I=: JC9:H>G67A: H>IJ6I>DC I6I>DC 9DB6>CH -=: IG69>I>DC6A L6N D; 68FJ>G>C< H=DGI I:GB
>9:CI>;>:9 7N I=: ;>GHI EGD7A:B HDAK>C< EGD8:HH 7N 8DCK:GI>C< 9DB6>C @CDLA:9<: ID G:9J8: I=: HJ7?:8I>K: 8DBEA:M>IN >H ID
6CJC9:H>G67A:H>IJ6I>DCID6H>IJ6I>DCL>I=DJII=:JC9:H>G67A: JH: 8DCHJAI6CIH
6HE:8IH ,>C8: DC: EGD7A:B HDAK>C< 6EEGD68= 9D:H CDI ;>I 6AA
% $ 1 %)+ #&!+ -&$'#/ +0
EGD7A:BH 4 5I=:H:8DC9 EGD7A:B HDAK>C<EGD8:HH >H I6>ADG:9
ID G:B:9N I=: HE:8>;>8 INE: D; EGD7A:BH (C8: I=: H:8DC9 GI>;>8>6A 8DBEA:M>IN 86C 7: B>C>B>O:9 7N DEI>B6A H>IJ6
EGD7A:B HDAK>C<EGD8:HH >H8DBEA:I:9I=:EGD8:HH B6N >I:G6I: I>DC HNHI:B E6GI>I>DC>C< (C8: I=: H>IJ6I>DC >H E6GI>I>DC:9
768@ ID I=: 7:<>CC>C< ;DG 6 C:L 8N8A: 6H H=DLC >C ><JG: I=:C :68= HNHI:B :C<>C::G B6C6<:H I=:>G 6G:6 D; 8DC8:GC
7:86JH:I=:H:8DC9 EGD7A:B HDAK>C<EGD8:HH L=>8= >H A>B>I:9 ID I=: B:I6 HNHI:B I=: ,(" 6C9 >IH HJ7HNH
I:BH 45
&6NDCANE6GI>6AANG:B:9NI=:DG><>C6A JC9:H>G67A:DG
EGD7A:B6I>8H>IJ6I>DC -=: E:GHDCC:A >C:68=HNHI:B>CI=: =>:G6G8=N6G:DE:G6I
>C< L>I=>C I=: QR E6G69><B D; HNHI:BH :C<>C::G>C< 45
L=>8=7:<>CH>C8DAJBCQRD;I=:!$& DCH:FJ:CIANI=:N
=6K:6K>H>DCD;L=6II=:>GHNHI:B>H9D>C<DGHJEEDH:9ID9D
>CI=:;JIJG:>;>I>HHI>AA7:>C<9:K:ADE:9>CI=:8DCI:MID;I=:

-=: &,( HL>I8= JE<G69: IDD@ EA68: >C K>HDC 6C9 >IO<:G6A9 :CI>G:H>IJ6I>DC -=:N?JHI<:IDC L>I=9D>C<>I H6C:M6BEA:
9>9CRIEJ7A>H=I=:>GB:I=D9DAD<NJCI>A
8DCH>9:G 6C 6AA>:9 C6K6A 8DCKDN 8GDHH>C< I=: 'DGI= IA6CI>8

(8:6C>C -=:8DCKDN>H6HNHI:B 68=H=>E>CI=:8DC
KDN86C7:8DCH>9:G:96H7DI=6HJ7HNHI:BD;I=:8DCKDNDG

6H 6 HNHI:B -=:G: L6H 6 ('(), ;DG I=: 8DCKDN -=:G:
L:G: H:E6G6I: ('(), ;DG I=: C6K6A :H8DGI H=>EH 6C9 I=:
B:G8=6CI K:HH:AH 9:H8G>7>C< I=: 68I>DCH 6C9 >CI:G68I>DCH D;
I=:H:HJ7HNHI:BHD;I=:8DCKDN>CK6G>DJHH8:C6G>DH
DCH>9:GI=::M6BEA:D;I=:8DBEA:MEGD7A:BD;9D8@>C<
ILDHE68:8G6;I 45 (C8:I=:HE68:8G6;I6G:8ADH:I=:EGD7A:B ><JG: -=:'>C: ,NHI:B&D9:A ,%+ &%# E:GHE:8I>K:
>HH>BEA>;>:97NB>C>B>O>C<6GI>;>8>6A8DBEA:M>IN6C98G:6I>C< 9:E:C9:CIB6CC:G 68GDHH BJAI> HNHI:B A:K:AH -=: ,%+ &%#
68ADH:9HNHI:BK>:LIDDCAN8DCH>9:GI=: E:GHE:8I>K: D; I=: '>C: ,NHI:B &D9:A H=DLC >C ><JG:
+:A6I>K:EDH>I>DCHD;I=:HE68:8G6;I H=DLH I=: G:A6I>DCH=>EH 7:IL::C I=: H>IJ6I>DCH HNHI:BH 6C9
+:A6I>K:K:AD8>IND;I=:HE68:8G6;I EGD8:HH:H DG 6C :M6BEA: D;6EEAN>C< I=: '>C:,NHI:B&D9:A
+:A6I>K: 6A><CB:CI >C 1 2 6C9 3 DG>:CI6I>DC D; I=: IDB6C6<:8DBEA:M>IN>CI=: &,(96I6HL>I8=G:EA68:B:CI
HE68:8G6;I EGD?:8I H::$6HH:G3=6D6C9 &>G8=6C96C> 45
-=:EGD7A:B>HI=:CH:IJE >CI=:8DCI:MID;68ADH:9HNH (C:H:ID;<J>9:A>C:H;DGE6GI>I>DC>C<I=:H>IJ6I>DCID

I:B IDEGD9J8:6G:A6I>K:9D8@>C< K:AD8>IN8ADH:IDO:GD L>I= DEI>B>O: I=: HNHI:B L>I= G:;:G:C8: ID I=: '>C: ,NH
I=:9D8@>C< 8DAA6GHDC7DI=HE68:8G6;IEGDE:GAN6A><C:9 I:B &D9:A >H
M6B>C: I=: JC9:H>G67A: H>IJ6I>DC , ;GDB H:K:G6A
)+ + &% %+* +,+ &% +&&'+ $ 1+*0*+$ 9>;;:G:CIE:GHE:8I>K:H
)6GI>I>DC>C< I=:H>IJ6I>DCIDDEI>B>O:I=:HNHI:BG:EG:H:CIH :K:ADE6CJC9:GHI6C9>C<D;I=:H>IJ6I>DC,
68=6AA:C<:;DGG:6HDCHI=6I>C8AJ9: G:6I:I=:,8DCI6>C>C<I=:,(",
.H:I=:EG>C8>EA:D;=>:G6G8=>:HID67HIG68IDJII=:6G
-=: HNHI:BH DEI>B>O6I>DC E6G69DM L=>8= L6H HI6I:9 I>;>8>6A8DBEA:M>IN
7N &68=DA 6C9 &>A:H L=D LGDI: S+ ') % '# & 7HIG68I DJI I=: E6GIH D; I=: H>IJ6I>DCH , 6C9 ,
*,&'+ $ 1+ &%*++*++&'+ $ 1+ &%&*, I=6I6G:CDIE:GI>C:CIIDI=:EGD7A:B
*0*+$ %'%%+#0 . ## %&+ # % %)# +& )6GI>I>DCI=:,,>CIDI=:,(",6C969?6
*0*+$&'+ $,$%++ $')&-$%+&')+ , 8:CIHNHI:BH
#) *,*0*+$ +,##0 $0 .&)*% + &-)## *0* (EI>B>O:I=:>CI:G;68:H
+$ % -)0 *0*+$ * $)#0 *,*0*+$ & )6GI>I>DCI=:,(">CIDHJ7HNHI:BH
*&$#))*0*+$+ *') % '#')*%+* ,#+
%&+ %*&#,#')&#$ &%++ *#.0*')*%+ %)*+% %+)#+ &%* '*+.%+')+*&+
%%0$!&)*0*+$** %T 45 *0*+$%+$)%+')&')+ *
-=:JC9:GHI6C9>C<>H68=>:K:97N
-=:G: L>AA JHJ6AAN 7: 9>;;:G:CI K>:LED>CIH DC L=6I
H=DJA97:DEI>B>O:9 G:6I>C< BD9:AH D; I=: HNHI:B 7:=6K>DJG <:C:G6AAN
;GDBI=: ')+ &%# 6C9 ,%+ &%# !-)H
0NBDG: HI6I:9 S &%-%+ &%# *0*+$* % %) % . *
.H>C< B6I=:B6I>86A IDDAH HJ8= 6H *J:J>C< -=:DGN
&$ * + ++ *,*0*+$* ) &'+ $ 1 +% + *0*+$
8DBBDCAN JH:9 >C (E:G6I>DCH +:H:6G8= >C !$&
%%&+ &'+ $,$T 45 6C9 I=:C JH:9 6 B6I=:B6I>86A 6E
G:6
EGD68= ID H=DL I=6I 8DCK:CI>DC6A L>H9DB L6H B>HI6@:C 6C9
=DL >I L6H EDHH>7A: ;DG HNHI:BH :C<>C::G>C< ID :CHJG: I=6I ''#0 %++&&#*%+% (,**, + &) +
DEI>BJB9:H><CD;I=:HJ7HNHI:BH86CG:HJAI>CDEI>BJB 9: '')&') +#0) %+
H><CD;I=:HNHI:B ,NHI:BDEI>B>O6I>DC6IDC:A:K:A>H6AL6NH
";I=:EGD7A:B>H >C!$& %6N:G JH: IDDAH6C9I:8=
6HJ7HNHI:BDEI>B>O6I>DCD;I=:B:I6HNHI:B ";6CNHNHI:B>H6
C>FJ:H ;DG I=DH: A6N:GH G6I=:G I=6C 6II:BEI>C< ID 696EI IDDAH
HJ7HNHI:B D; I=: 8DCI6>C>C< DG B:I6HNHI:B I=:C L=:G: 9D:H
6C9I:8=C>FJ:H;GDB!$&%6N:G
I=:DEI>B>O6I>DC I6@:EA68:-=:6CHL:G>HI=6IHNHI:BDEI>B>
O6I>DC6I6CNA:K:ADEI>B>O:HI=:>CI:G68I>DCH7:IL::CI=:HJ7 * %$,#+ '#')+ #- .*&+*0*+$ %*+&
HNHI:BHD;I=6IHNHI:BA:K:AL>I=>CI=:8DCHIG6>CIH>BEDH:97N &$'#/%&$'# +* %#- .*
I=:HNHI:BH:C<>C::GD;I=:B:I6HNHI:B &JAI>EA: E6GI>6A K>:LH B>C>B>O: 6GI>;>8>6A 8DBEA:M>IN 6C9
JH:;JAI:BEA6I:;DGE6GI>I>DC>C<I=:H>IJ6I>DC>HI=: '>C: 6AADL CDC E:GI>C:CI 6IIG>7JI:H ID 7: =>99:C ;68>A>I6I>C< JC9:G
,NHI:BH&D9:A 4 5 L=>8= 8DBEG>H:HC>C: H>IJ6I>DCHEGD HI6C9>C<E6GI>8JA6G6HE:8IHD;I=:8DBEA:MH>IJ6I>DC M6BEA:H
8:HH:H 6C9 HD8>D I:8=C>86A HNHI:BH >C 6 8A:6GAN 9:;>C:9 >CI:G 6G:
-=: K6G>DJH K>:LH D; 6 7J>A9>C< : < H:E6G6I: HIGJ8

,DB:E:DEA:B><=I86AA>I6,NHI:BD;,NHI:BH IJG6A9G6L>C<HEAJB7>C<K>:LH ;DGI=: L6I:GHJEEAN

AI:GC6I>K:AN I=: C6K6A H=>EH 8DJA9 7: DC: HJ7HNHI:B 6C9 I=: B:G8=6CI 6C9H:L6<:E>E:H6C9:A:8IG>86A9G6L>C<H
B6G>C:H=>EH6H:8DC9HJ7HNHI:BD;I=:8DCKDN 68=H=>E>HI=:C6HJ7HNH ,:E6G6I>C< DE:C HNHI:B 6C9 8ADH:9 HNHI:B K>:LH
I:BL>I=>CI=:C6K6ADG8>K>A>6CHJ7HNHI:BD;I=:8DCKDN ";I=:G:6G:H=>EH HJ8= 6H >C I=: HE68:8G6;I 9D8@>C< EGD7A:B H>IJ6I>DC
;GDB I=: C6K>:H D; BDG: I=6C DC: 6AA>:9 8DJCIGN >C I=: 8DCKDN I=:C I=: 9>H8JHH:967DK:
H=>EHD; :68=8DJCIGN8DJA98DCHI>IJI:6HJ7HNHI:BL>I=>CI=:C6K6AHJ7HNH
I:B -=:8=D>8:D;HJ7HNHI:BE6GI>I>DC>C<9:E:C9HDCI=:>HHJ:H7:>C<8DC
H>9:G:9
/""" 4 5 & #68@HDC 6C9 ) $:NH S-DL6G9H 6 ,NHI:B D; ,NHI:BH
&:I=D9DAD<>:HT #DJGC6A D; I=: (E:G6I>DCH +:H:6G8= ,D8>:IN KDA
-=>HE6E:G9>H8JHH:9I=:HJ7?:8ID;=DLIDHDAK:I=:EGD7 CD EE
A:BH 6HHD8>6I:9 L>I= 8DBEA:M HNHI:BH 6C9 G:HDAK:9 I=: 9> 4 5 # - AA>HDCSDBEA:M,NHI:B(EI>B>O6I>DC+:K>:LD; C6ANI>86A
8=DIDBN L>I= G:;:G:C8: ID I=: !$& 4 5 6C9 I=: !-)H 45 -6G<:I6H869>C<DAA67DG6I>K:(EI>B>O6I>DC6C9(I=:GDGBJA6I>DCHT
J>A9>C< DC EG>DG LDG@ I=: E6E:G I=:C 9>H8JHH:9 6HE:8IH D; -=:.C>K:GH>IND;&>8=><6C
8DBEA:M>IN 6C9 DJIA>C:9 6HE:8IH D; 6 EGD8:HH ;DG HDAK>C< I=: 4 5 # *J:H6960 $>CIH8=6C9 DB:OSDBEA:M)GD7A:B,DAK>C<
EGD7A:BH 6HHD8>6I:9 L>I= 8DBEA:M HNHI:BH L=>8= B6EH >CID ;>:A9 >C H:6G8= D; 6 9:;>C>I>DC T -=:DG:I>86A "HHJ:H >C G<DCDB>8
,8>:C8: KDA CD EE
I=:B6CC:GI=6I6EE:6GHIDLDG@>CI=:G:6ALDGA9I=: &JAI>
4 5 >H8=:G , G:>;; 6C9 # JC@: S-=: )GD8:HH D; ,DAK>C< DBEA:M
EA: "I:G6I>DC )GD7A:B ,DAK>C< )GD8:HH J: ID I=: A>B>I6I>DCH )GD7A:BHT -=: #DJGC6A D; )GD7A:B ,DAK>C< KDA CD EE
D;HE68:I=:E6E:GG:;:G:C8:9 699>I>DC6A:M6BEA:H>CI=:A>I:G
6IJG: 4 5 ! ,>AA>IID S(C ,NHI:BH G8=>I:8IH 6C9 ,NHI:BH G8=>I:8I>C< HDB:
I=DJ<=IH DC :MEA6>C>C< 6C9 >BEGDK>C< I=: 6GI 6C9 H8>:C8: D; HNHI:BH
"1 6G8=>I:8I>C<T EGD8::9>C<H D; I=: I=: I= "CI:GC6I>DC6A ,NBEDH>JB D;
I=:"CI:GC6I>DC6ADJC8>ADC,NHI:BHC<>C::G>C<,>C<6EDG:
-=:8DC8AJH>DCH ;GDB I=:G:H:6G8= 6G:
4 5 # $6HH:G 6C9 2 2 3=6D -=: BNI=H 6C9 I=: G:6A>IN D; EGD7A:B
DBEA:M>IN 86C 7: 6C9 >H 7:>C< B6C6<:9 HJ88:HH HDAK>C< ,NHI:B>86C9HNHI:B6I>8"CI:<G6I:9%D<>HI>8H,JEEDGIDJGH:
;JAAN>;I=:8DGG:8IE6G69><BH 6G: 6EEA>:9C6B:AN CDI:H# $6HH:G:9 ,>C<6EDG:-,"
45 # $6HH:G 6C9 $ )6AB:G S+:9J8>C< 6C9 &6C6<>C< DBEA:M>IN 7N
EEANI=:IDDAH6C9 I:8=C>FJ:HHJ>I:9 ;DG I=:6EEGD =6C<>C< I=: DJC96G>:H D; I=: ,NHI:BT EGD8::9>C<H D; I=: I=:
EG>6I:A6N:G >CI=:!$& DC;:G:C8:DC,NHI:BHC<>C::G>C<+:H:6G8=!D7D@:C'#
:K:ADE 688:EI67A: HDAJI>DCH I=6I H6I>H;>8: I=: EGD7 45 # $6HH:G 6C9 $ !>I8=>CH S2:H HNHI:BH :C<>C::G>C< NDJ 6G: 6
A:BG6I=:GI=6CH>C<A:8DGG:8IHDAJI>DCHI=6IH6I>H 9>H8>EA>C:T EGD8::9>C<H D; I=: I=: C9 CCJ6A "CI:GC6I>DC6A
,NBEDH>JBD;I=:"CI:GC6I>DC6ADJC8>ADC,NHI:BHC<>C::G>C<+DB:
;NI=:EGD7A:B "I6AN
-=: K6G>DJH H>C<A: E6HH EGD8:HH:H ;DG HDAK>C< CDC 45 ) =:8@A6C9 ,NHI:BH-=>C@>C<,NHI:BH)G68I>8:#D=C0>A:N,DCH
8DBEA:M EGD7A:BH 6G: HJ7H:IH D; I=: &JAI>EA:
"I:G6I>DC )GD7A:B ,DAK>C< )GD8:HH ;DG HDAK>C< 8DB 45 K>HDC 6C9 >IO<:G6A9 "C;DGB6I>DC ,NHI:BH :K:ADEB:CI
&:I=D9DAD<>:H -:8=C>FJ:H 6C9 -DDAH &6>9:C=:69 &8 G6L !>AA
EA:MHNHI:BH 9J86I>DC.$
1 45 # $6HH:G2 2 3=6D6C9 # &>G8=6C96C>S,>BEA>;N>C<&6C6<>C<
,I6@:=DA9:GME:8I6I>DCHJH>C<I=:'>C: ,NHI:B&D9:A6C9I=:!DA>HI>8
4 5 # $6HH:G S-=: !>I8=>CH $6HH:G &6HH>: !$& G6B:LDG@ ;DG -=>C@>C< ):GHE:8I>K:HT EGD8::9>C<H D; I=: I=: I= "CI:GC6I>DC6A
,NHI:BH C<>C::G>C<T EGD8::9>C<H D; I=: I=: I= "CI:GC6I>DC6A ,NBEDH>JB D; I=: "CI:GC6I>DC6A DJC8>A DC ,NHI:BH C<>C::G>C<
,NBEDH>JBD;I=:"'(,,6C>:<D "'(,%6H/:<6H'/
45 # $6HH:G !DA>HI>8-=>C@>C<8G:6I>C<>CCDK6I>K:HDAJI>DCHID8DBEA:M 45 # $6HH:G 6C9 2 2 3=6D S&6C6<>C< DBEA:M>IN K>6 I=: '>C:
EGD7A:BH:9 G:6I:HE68:%I9 ,NHI:BH >C ,NHI:BH C<>C::G>C<T EGD8::9>C<H D; I=: I=: I=
45 , & ,=>CC:G J>9: ID ,NHI:BH C<>C::G>C< &6C6<:B:CI "CI:GC6I>DC6A ,NBEDH>JB D; I=: "CI:GC6I>DC6A DJC8>A DC ,NHI:BH
%:M>C<IDC&6HH68=JH:IIH%:M>C<IDCDD@H C<>C::G>C<"'(,%6H/:<6H'/
45 2 6G 26B S0=:C ,NHI:BH C<>C::G>C< 6>AH -DL6G9 DBEA:M 45 # $6HH:G6C92 2 3=6DS,>BEA>;N>C<,DAK>C<DBEA:M)GD7A:BHT
,NHI:BH C<>C::G>C<T EGD8::9>C<H D; I=: ,NHI:BH &6C 6C9 EGD8::9>C<H D; I=: I=: I= "CI:GC6I>DC6A DC;:G:C8: DC ,NHI:B D;
N7:GC:I>8H ""CI:GC6I>DC6ADC;:G:C8:DC ,NHI:BHC<>C::G>C<
45 !(, -=: =6DH HIJ9N &6G8= 45 # $6HH:G 6C9 # &>G8=6C96C> S-=: &,( 6I6 ,L>I8=
=IIE LLL HI6C9>H=<GDJE 8DB 8=6DH =IBA +:EA68:B:CI 6H: ,IJ9N >C A>8>I6I>C< 6C9 AJ8>96I>C<
45 , ,=:6G9 :I 6A DBEA:M>IN )G>B:G ;DG ,NHI:BH C<>C::GH +:FJ>G:B:CIHTEGD8::9>C<HD;I=:I=: I="CI:GC6I>DC6A,NBEDH>JBD;
"'(,DBEA:M,NHI:BH0DG@>C< GDJE E I=:"CI:GC6I>DC6ADJC8>ADC,NHI:BHC<>C::G>C<"'(,+D8=:HI:G
'2
45 & #:C@>CH-=:,NHI:BHEEGD68= ,NHI:BH:=6K>DJG# :>H=DC
6C9 ):I:GH:9H E %DC9DC!6GE:G6C9+DL 4 5 ', , &JAI> ,6I:AA>I: (E:G6I>DCH DCIGDA :CI:G &,(
DBBJC>86I>DCH ,L>I8=>C< ,NHI:B &,, ,NHI:B +:FJ>G:B:CIH
45 - ) !J<=:H +:H8J>C< )GDB:I=:JH ':L 2DG@ +6C9DB !DJH: "C8 +:K>:L:8:B7:G

4 5 ! ,E:C8:G >GHI EG>C8>EA:H ,NHI:B D; ,NCI=:I>8 )=>ADHDE=N
45 # '::9=6B "CI:<G6I>K: A:K:AH 6 G:K6AJ6I>DC D; I=: >9:6 D; EGD<G:HH 0>AA>6BH6C9'DG<6I::9 %DC9DC
(M;DG9A6G:C9DC)G:HH
45 # +JHHD6C9) ! ,8=D:B6@:G :8>H>DC-G6EH':L2DG@,>BDC
4 5 - 0>AHDCS)=>ADHDE=>86A;DJC96I>DCH6C9G:H:6G8=G:A:K6C8:>HHJ:H 6C9,8=JHI:G
;DG>C;DGB6I>DCG:H:6G8=$:NCDI:699G:HHTEGD8::9>C<HD;I=:DJGI=
"CI:GC6I>DC6A DC;:G:C8: DC DC8:EI>DCH D; %>7G6GN 6C9 "C;DGB6I>DC 45 # $6HH:GS :II>C<I=:+><=I+:FJ>G:B:CIH+><=ITEGD8::9>C<HD;I=:
,8>:C8:B:G<>C<G6B:LDG@H6C9&:I=D9.C>K:GH>IND;06H=>C<IDC I=: C9 CCJ6A "CI:GC6I>DC6A ,NBEDH>JB D; I=: "CI:GC6I>DC6A DJC8>A
,:6IIA:., DC,NHI:BH C<>C::G>C<+DB:"I6AN
4 5 0 A&6G6<=N :I 6A SDBEA:M>IN >C :C<>C::G>C< 9:H><C 6C9 45 + &68=DA 6C9 + &>A:H #CG -=: C<>C::G>C< D; %6G<: ,86A:
B6CJ;68IJG>C<T "+)CC6AH &6CJ;68IJG>C<-:8=CDAD<N KDA CD ,NHI:BH ,NHI:BHDC8:EIH0>A:N,:G>:HDC,NHI:BHC<>C::G>C<6C9
EE C6ANH>H+ &>A:H#CG:9 EE #D=C0>A:N,DC"C8
4 5 DAL:AASDBEA:M>IN>C:H><CT "DBEJI:G KDA CD 45 0 0NBDG: ,J7HNHI:B (EI>B>O6I>DC "BEA>:H ,NHI:B
EE ,J7DEI>B>O6I>DC 'DI ,:EI:B7:G
=IIE LLL H>: 6G>ODC6 :9J HNH:C<G LNBDG: DEI>B6A =IBA
4 5 - -DB>N6B6 :I6A SDBEA:M>IND;&JAI> >H8>EA>C6GN:H><CT CC6AH
D;I=:"+) KDA CD EE 45 # $6HH:G ):G8:EI>DCHD;,NHI:BHC<>C::G>C<G:6I:HE68:
4 5 ' ) ,J=SDBEA:M>IN>CC<>C::G>C< T CC6AHD;"+) KDA CD
EE
4 5 & #68@HDC ,NHI:BH I=>C@>C< G:6I>K: !DA>HB ;DG &6C6<:GH
=>8=:HI:.$#D=C0>A:N,DCH"C8

Simplifying Solving Complex Problems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Simplifying Solving Complex Problems

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Simplifying Solving Complex Problems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

,>BEA>;N>C< ,DAK>C< DBEA:M)GD7A:BH

#DH:E=$6HH:G 26C< 26C<3=6D

-=:EGD7A:B>HI=:CH:IJE >CI=:8DCI:MID;68ADH:9HNH (C:H:ID;<J>9:A>C:H;DGE6GI>I>DC>C<I=:H>IJ6I>DCID

You might also like

Simplifying Solving Complex Problems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Simplifying Solving Complex Problems

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Simplifying Solving Complex Problems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

,>BEA>;N>C< ,DAK>C< DBEA:M)GD7A:BH

#DH:E=$6HH:G 26C< 26C<3=6D

-=:EGD7A:B>HI=:CH:IJE >CI=:8DCI:MID;68ADH:9HNH (C:H:ID;<J>9:A>C:H;DGE6GI>I>DC>C<I=:H>IJ6I>DCID

You might also like

,>BEA>;N>C< ,DAK>C< DBEA:M)GD7A:BH