1.

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

What is AWS?
AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a comprehensive, evolving cloud
computing platform provided by Amazon. It includes a mixture of
infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS) and
packaged software-as-a-service (SaaS) offerings. AWS offers tools such
as compute power, database storage and content delivery services.

Amazon.com Web Services launched its first web services in 2002 from
the internal infrastructure that the company built to handle its online retail
operations. In 2006, it began offering its defining IaaS services. AWS
was one of the first companies to introduce a pay-as-you-go cloud
computing model that scales to provide users with compute, storage and
throughput as needed.

AWS offers many different tools and products for enterprises and
software developers in 245 countries and territories. Government
agencies, education institutions, nonprofits and private organizations use
AWS services.

Why is AWS important?

With more than 200 services, AWS provides a range of offerings for
individuals, as well as public and private sector organizations to create
applications and information services of all kinds. The services are
cloud-based and tend to be cost-effective. They interact with many
programming languages, communicate over many different networks
and interface with competing cloud service providers (CSPs).

AWS was the first developer of cloud-based services, and, as a result,

has a large inventory of offerings and customer base. It's used by
organizations around the world via its global network of data centers.
How AWS works
AWS is separated into different services; each can be configured in
different ways based on the user's needs. Users can see configuration
options and individual server maps for an AWS service.

The AWS portfolio includes the following categories of services:

 Compute.
 Storage.
 Databases.
 Infrastructure management.
 Application development.
 Data management.
 Migration.
 Hybrid cloud.
 Networking.
 Development tools.
 Management.
 Monitoring.
 Security.
 Governance.
 Big data management.
 Analytics.
 Artificial intelligence (AI).
 Mobile development.
 Messages and notifications.
Availability
AWS provides services from dozens of data centers spread across 105
availability zones (AZes) in regions across the world. An AZ is a location
that contains multiple physical data centers. A region is a collection of
AZes in geographic proximity connected by low-latency network links.

A business will choose one or multiple AZes for a variety of reasons,

including compliance, proximity to customers and availability
optimization. For example, an AWS customer can spin up virtual
machines and replicate data in different AZes to achieve a highly
reliable, cost-effective cloud infrastructure with scalability that's resistant
to the failure of individual servers and an entire data center.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a service that provides virtual

servers -- called EC2 instances -- for compute capacity. The EC2
service offers dozens of instance types with varying capacities and
sizes. These are tailored to specific workload types, use cases and
applications, such as memory-intensive and accelerated-computing jobs.
AWS also provides Auto Scaling, a tool to dynamically scale capacity to
maintain instance health and performance.

Storage
Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) provides scalable object storage
for data backup, collection and analytics. An IT professional stores data
and files as S3 objects -- which can range up to five terabytes --
inside S3 buckets to keep them organized. A business can save money
with S3 through its Infrequent Access storage class or by using Amazon
Glacier for long-term cold storage.

Amazon Elastic Block Store provides block-level storage volumes for

persistent data storage when using EC2 instances. Amazon Elastic File
System offers managed cloud-based file storage.
A business can also migrate data to the cloud via storage transport
devices, such as AWS Snowball, Snowball Edge and Snowmobile, or
use AWS Storage Gateway to let on-premises apps access cloud data.

AWS storage offerings have grown considerably since the launch of S3

in 2006.
Databases and data management
The Amazon Relational Database Service includes options for MariaDB,
MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQL Server and a proprietary high-
performance database called Amazon Aurora. It provides a relational
database management system for AWS users. AWS also offers
managed NoSQL databases through Amazon DynamoDB.

An AWS customer can use Amazon ElastiCache and DynamoDB

Accelerator as in-memory and real-time data caches for applications.
Amazon Redshift offers a data warehouse, which makes it easier for
data analysts to perform business intelligence tasks.
Migration and hybrid cloud
AWS includes various tools and services designed to help users migrate
applications, databases, servers and data onto its public cloud.
The AWS Migration Hub provides a location to monitor and manage
migrations from on premises to the cloud. Once in the cloud, AWS
Systems Manager helps an IT team configure on-premises servers and
AWS instances.

Amazon also has partnerships with several technology vendors that

ease hybrid cloud deployments. VMware Cloud on AWS brings software-
defined data center technology from VMware to the AWS cloud. Red Hat
Enterprise Linux for Amazon EC2 is the product of another partnership,
extending Red Hat's operating system to the AWS cloud.

Once applications, databases, servers and data are migrated to the

cloud or a hybrid environment, tools like AWS Outposts deliver AWS
services and infrastructure across multiple environments.
AWS Outposts is a hybrid cloud platform that competes with Microsoft
Azure Stack and Google Anthos.
Networking
An Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) gives an administrator
control over a virtual network to use an isolated section of the AWS
cloud. AWS automatically provisions new resources within a VPC for
extra protection.

Admins can balance network traffic with the Elastic Load Balancing
service, which includes the Application Load Balancer and Network Load
Balancer. AWS also provides a domain name system called Amazon
Route 53 that routes end users to applications.

An IT professional can establish a dedicated connection from an on-

premises data center to the AWS cloud via AWS Direct Connect.

Developer tools
A developer can take advantage of AWS command-line tools and
software development kits (SDKs) like AWS CloudShell to deploy and
manage applications and services:

 AWS Command Line Interface, which is Amazon's proprietary

code interface.
 AWS Tools for PowerShell, which developers use to manage
cloud services from Mac, Windows and Linux environments.
 AWS Serverless Application Model, which developers use to
simulate an AWS environment to test functions of AWS
Lambda, which is a compute service that lets developers run
code from more than 200 AWS services and SaaS applications.

AWS Lambda is a serverless compute program and one of AWS's most

popular services.
AWS SDKs are available for a variety of platforms and programming
languages, including Android, C++, Go, iOS, Java, JavaScript, .Net,
Node.js, PHP, Python, Ruby and SAP ABAP.

Amazon API Gateway lets a development team create, manage and

monitor custom application programming interfaces (APIs) that let
applications access data or functionality from back-end services. API
Gateway manages thousands of concurrent API calls at once.

AWS also provides Amazon Elastic Transcoder, a packaged media

transcoding service, and AWS Step Functions, a service that visualizes
workflows for microservices-based applications.

A development team can also create continuous

integration and continuous delivery pipelines with the following services:

 AWS CodePipeline to model and automate the steps of the

software release process.
 AWS CodeBuild to automate the writing and compiling of code.
 AWS CodeDeploy, which can be used with AWS Lambda, to
automatically deploy code in EC2 instances.
 AWS CodeStar, a cloud-based service for managing various
AWS projects.
 AWS Cloud9 to write, run and debug code in the cloud.

A developer can store code in Git repositories with AWS CodeCommit

and evaluate the performance of microservices-based applications with
AWS X-Ray.

AWS also offers the following machine learning (ML) services for
developers:

 AWS CodeWhisperer, which provides code recommendations

to developers based on prior code they've used.
  AWS CodeArtifact, a development paradigm for building ML
models.
 Amazon SageMaker, a fully managed service that helps
developers and data scientists build and deploy ML models.

Management and monitoring

An admin can manage and track cloud resource configuration using
AWS Config and AWS Config Rules. Those tools, along with AWS
Trusted Advisor, can help an IT team avoid improperly configured and
needlessly expensive cloud resource deployments.

AWS provides several automation tools in its portfolio. An admin can

automate infrastructure provisioning via AWS
CloudFormation templates, and also use AWS OpsWorks for Chef
Automate to automate infrastructure and system configurations.

An AWS customer can monitor resource and application health

with Amazon CloudWatch and the AWS Personal Health Dashboard.
Customers can also use AWS CloudTrail to retain user activity and API
calls for auditing, which has some key differences from AWS Config.

AWS CloudTrail and AWS Config are two resource monitoring products
with different capabilities.
Security and governance
AWS provides a range of services for cloud security, including AWS
Identity and Access Management, which lets admins define and manage
user access to resources. An admin can also create a user directory with
Amazon Cloud Directory or connect cloud resources to an existing
Microsoft Active Directory with the AWS Directory Service. Additionally,
the AWS Organizations service lets a business establish and manage
policies for multiple AWS accounts.

Amazon Web Services has also introduced tools that automatically

assess potential security risks. Amazon Inspector analyzes an AWS
environment for vulnerabilities that might impact security and
compliance. Amazon Macie uses ML technology to protect sensitive
cloud data.

AWS also includes tools and services that provide software- and
hardware-based encryption, protect against distributed denial-of-service
(DDoS) attacks, acquire secure sockets layer and Transport Layer
Security certificates, and filter potentially harmful traffic to web
applications.

The AWS Management Console is a browser-based graphical user

interface for AWS. It can be used to manage resources in cloud
computing and cloud storage as well as security credentials. The AWS
Console interfaces with all AWS resources.

Big data management and analytics

AWS includes the following big data analytics and application services:

 Amazon EMR, which offers an Apache Hadoop framework to

process large amounts of data.
 Amazon Kinesis, which provides tools to process and analyze
streaming data.
 AWS Glue, which is a service that handles extract, transform
and load jobs.
  Amazon OpenSearch Service, which enables a team to perform
application monitoring, log analysis and other tasks with the
open source tool.
 Amazon Athena for S3, which lets analysts query data.
 Amazon QuickSight, which helps analysts visualize data.
Artificial intelligence
AWS offers a range of AI model development and delivery platforms, as
well as packaged AI-based applications.

The Amazon AI suite of tools includes the following:

 Amazon Lex for voice and text chatbot technology.

 Amazon Polly for text-to-speech translation.
 Amazon Rekognition for image and facial analysis.
 Amazon Textract to extract important text and data from
documents.
 Amazon Kendra to enhance website and application searches.
 Amazon Forecast for end-to-end business prediction models.
 Amazon CodeGuru Security to automate code reviews and
detect costly, inefficient code.
 Amazon Lookout for Equipment for predictive maintenance.

AWS also provides technology for developers to build smart apps that
rely on ML technology and complex algorithms.

With AWS Deep Learning Amazon Machine Images, developers can

create and train custom AI models with clusters of graphics processing
units or compute-optimized instances. AWS also includes deep
learning development frameworks for Apache MXNet and TensorFlow.
On the consumer side, AWS technologies power the Alexa Voice
Service virtual assistant, and a developer can use the Alexa Skills Kit to
build voice-based apps for Echo devices.

Healthcare workers use Amazon HealthLake to store, transfer and query

a patient's healthcare data as well as Amazon Comprehend Medical,
which extracts information from medical text.

Mobile development
The AWS Mobile Hub offers a collection of tools and services for mobile
app developers. One of those tools is the AWS Mobile SDK, which
provides code samples and libraries.

A mobile app developer can also use Amazon Cognito to manage user
access to mobile apps, as well as Amazon Pinpoint to send push
notifications to application end users and analyze the effectiveness of
those communications.

Messages and notifications

AWS messaging services provide core communication for users and
applications. Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a managed
message queue that sends, stores and receives messages between
components of distributed applications to ensure the parts of an
application work as intended.

Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) enables a business to send

publish-subscribe messages to endpoints, such as end users or
services. SNS includes a mobile messaging feature that enables push
messaging to mobile devices. Amazon Simple Email Service provides a
platform for IT professionals and marketers to send and receive emails.

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)

AWS offers AR and VR development tools through Babylon.js and AWS
Sumerian. Babylon.js lets users create AR and VR applications without
needing to know programming or create 3D graphics. The service also
enables users to test and publish applications in-browser. Babylon.js can
be used for 3D web applications, e-commerce, sales applications,
marketing, online education, manufacturing, training simulations and
gaming.

Amazon Sumerian lets developers create and run VR, AR, and 3D
applications without requiring specialized programming or 3D graphics
expertise. With Sumerian, developers can build highly immersive and
interactive scenes that can run on hardware such as Oculus Go, HTC
Vive, Google Daydream and Lenovo Mirage, as well as Android and iOS
mobile devices. Sumerian provides building blocks for creating 3D
experiences from a web browser, such as adding objects, designing
environments and scripting interactions.

AWS also provides various immersive experience tools, such as

Amazon AR View and Amazon AR App.

Game development
AWS can also be used for game development. Large game developing
companies use AWS services for games, such as Ubisoft's For Honor.
AWS can provide services for each part of a game's lifecycle.

For example, AWS provides developer back-end services, analytics and

developer tools such as Amazon Lumberyard, which aid developers in
making 3D games. Back-end services like Amazon GameLift help with
building, deploying and scaling a developer's platform, as well as
defending against DDoS attacks.

Analytics help developers know their customers and how they play a
game. Developers can also store data and host game data on AWS
servers.

Internet of things (IoT)

AWS has a variety of services that enable IoT deployments. The AWS
IoT service provides a back-end platform to manage IoT devices and
data ingestion to other AWS storage and database services.

The Amazon IoT Button provides hardware for limited IoT functionality
and AWS IoT Greengrass brings AWS compute capabilities to IoT
devices.

Other services
Amazon Web Services has a range of business productivity SaaS
options:

 Amazon Chime, which enables online video meetings, calls and

text-based chats across devices.
 Amazon WorkDocs, a file storage and sharing service.
 Amazon WorkMail, a business email service with calendaring
features.

AWS has these desktop and streaming application services:

 Amazon WorkSpaces, a remote desktop-as-a-service platform.

 Amazon AppStream, a service that lets a developer stream a
desktop application stored in the AWS cloud to an end user's
web browser.

AWS also offers these blockchain services:

 Amazon Managed Blockchain, a service that helps create and

manage blockchain networks.
 Amazon Quantum Ledger Database, a ledger database that
records and stores a user's blockchain activity.
Also available are Amazon Braket, a service that aids developers
in quantum computing research, and AWS RoboMaker, a service that
lets developers create and deploy robotics applications.

AWS benefits and drawbacks

With its array of service offerings, AWS is able to address many IT
issues and needs. The major benefit of moving to a cloud environment is
that it can save an organization money on physical data centers and
related investments. AWS provides extensive service flexibility and
scalability features. It also relieves customers from having to worry about
security, reliability and compliance issues.

Despite its flexible pricing models, AWS can be expensive, depending

on how much a particular service is used. Users must define their
requirements carefully before launching an AWS product to assess
whether cloud services are the most economical option.

The AWS environment is also large and complex, which can be

challenging for new users. Loss of control is a common issue for cloud
service customers, because the CSP handles administrative functions,
unless otherwise arranged by the user. Security of AWS services is a
prime focus for Amazon, yet it is still the user's responsibility to ensure
their data and systems are secure. And despite its global network of data
centers, AWS can also experience downtime.

As of the third quarter of 2023, AWS controlled 32% of the total cloud
market, according to Synergy Research Group. In the IaaS market, AWS
is the market share leader, ahead of Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud and
IBM. Companies using AWS include the following:

 Airbnb.
 AstraZeneca.
 BMW Group.
 Capital One.
  Coca-Cola.
 Fox.
 Goldman Sachs.
 Heineken.
 Netflix.
 NFL.
 Philips.
 Pinterest.
 Salesforce.
 Toyota.
History
The AWS platform was launched in 2002 with a few services. In 2003, it
was reenvisioned to make Amazon's compute infrastructure
standardized, automated and web service focused. This change
included selling access to a virtual-servers-as-a-service platform. In
2004, the first publicly available AWS service -- Amazon SQS -- was
launched.

In 2006, AWS was relaunched to include three services -- Amazon S3,

SQS, and EC2 -- officially making AWS a suite of online core services. In
2009, S3 and EC2 were launched in Europe, and the Elastic Block Store
and Amazon CloudFront were released and adopted to AWS. In 2013,
AWS started offering a certification process in AWS services, and 2018
saw the release of an autoscaling service.

In 2022 Amazon introduced more than 110 new and updated features
and services at its re:Invent 2022 conference. Some of those new
offerings included the following:
 AWS CodeCatalyst simplifies the process for development
teams to quickly build and deliver scalable applications on
AWS.
 AWS Application Composer is a low-code drag-and-drop
application development tool for serverless apps.
 AWS Data Exchange for AWS Lake Formation assists data
subscribers in finding and subscribing to third-party data sets
that are managed directly through AWS Lake Formation.
 AWS Glue Data Quality automatically monitors and measures
data quality and provides recommendations.
 AWS VPC Lattice is a networking service that connects,
monitors and secures communications among user services to
improve productivity; it also defines policies for network traffic
management, access, and monitoring.
 AWS Security Lake automatically centralizes security data
from AWS environments, SaaS providers, on-premises and
cloud sources into a purpose-built data lake stored in a user's
AWS account.
 AWS Supply Chain unifies supply chain data and provides
insights, contextual collaboration and demand planning; it can
connect to existing enterprise resource planning and supply
chain management systems.
2. What is Google App Engine (GAE)?

Pre-requisite:- Google Cloud Platform

A scalable runtime environment, Google App Engine is mostly used to
run Web applications. These dynamic scales as demand change over
time because of Google’s vast computing infrastructure. Because it
offers a secure execution environment in addition to a number of
services, App Engine makes it easier to develop scalable and high-
performance Web apps. Google’s applications will scale up and down in
response to shifting demand. Croon tasks, communications, scalable
data stores, work queues, and in-memory caching are some of these
services.
The App Engine SDK facilitates the testing and professionalization of
applications by emulating the production runtime environment and
allowing developers to design and test applications on their own PCs.
When an application is finished being produced, developers can quickly
migrate it to App Engine, put in place quotas to control the cost that is
generated, and make the programmer available to everyone. Python,
Java, and Go are among the languages that are currently supported.
The development and hosting platform Google App Engine, which
powers anything from web programming for huge enterprises to mobile
apps, uses the same infrastructure as Google’s large-scale internet
services. It is a fully managed PaaS (platform as a service) cloud
computing platform that uses in-built services to run your apps. You can
start creating almost immediately after receiving the software
development kit (SDK). You may immediately access the Google app
developer’s manual once you’ve chosen the language you wish to use to
build your app.
After creating a Cloud account, you may Start Building your App
 Using the Go template/HTML package
 Python-based webapp2 with Jinja2
 PHP and Cloud SQL
 using Java’s Maven

The app engine runs the programmers on various servers while

“sandboxing” them. The app engine allows the program to use more
resources in order to handle increased demands. The app engine
powers programs like Snapchat, Rovio, and Khan Academy.

Features of App Engine

Runtimes and Languages

To create an application for an app engine, you can use Go, Java, PHP,
or Python. You can develop and test an app locally using the SDK’s
deployment toolkit. Each language’s SDK and nun time are unique. Your
program is run in a:
 Java Run Time Environment version 7
 Python Run Time environment version 2.7
 PHP runtime’s PHP 5.4 environment
 Go runtime 1.2 environment

Generally Usable Features

These are protected by the service-level agreement and depreciation

policy of the app engine. The implementation of such a feature is often
stable, and any changes made to it are backward-compatible. These
include communications, process management, computing, data
storage, retrieval, and search, as well as app configuration and
management. Features like the HRD migration tool, Google Cloud SQL,
logs, datastore, dedicated Memcached, blob store, Memcached, and
search are included in the categories of data storage, retrieval, and
search.

Features in Preview

In a later iteration of the app engine, these functions will undoubtedly be

made broadly accessible. However, because they are in the preview,
their implementation may change in ways that are backward-
incompatible. Sockets, MapReduce, and the Google Cloud Storage
Client Library are a few of them.

Experimental Features

These might or might not be made broadly accessible in the next app
engine updates. They might be changed in ways that are irreconcilable
with the past. The “trusted tester” features, however, are only accessible
to a limited user base and require registration in order to utilize them.
The experimental features include Prospective Search, Page Speed,
OpenID, Restore/Backup/Datastore Admin, Task Queue Tagging,
MapReduce, and Task Queue REST API. App metrics analytics,
datastore admin/backup/restore, task queue tagging, MapReduce, task
queue REST API, OAuth, prospective search, OpenID, and Page Speed
are some of the experimental features.

Third-Party Services

As Google provides documentation and helper libraries to expand the

capabilities of the app engine platform, your app can perform tasks that
are not built into the core product you are familiar with as app engine. To
do this, Google collaborates with other organizations. Along with the
helper libraries, the partners frequently provide exclusive deals to app
engine users.
Advantages of Google App Engine
The Google App Engine has a lot of benefits that can help you advance
your app ideas. This comprises:
1. Infrastructure for Security: The Internet infrastructure that
Google uses is arguably the safest in the entire world. Since the
application data and code are hosted on extremely secure
servers, there has rarely been any kind of illegal access to date.
2. Faster Time to Market: For every organization, getting a
product or service to market quickly is crucial. When it comes to
quickly releasing the product, encouraging the development and
maintenance of an app is essential. A firm can grow swiftly with
Google Cloud App Engine’s assistance.
3. Quick to Start: You don’t need to spend a lot of time
prototyping or deploying the app to users because there is no
hardware or product to buy and maintain.
4. Easy to Use: The tools that you need to create, test, launch,
and update the applications are included in Google App Engine
(GAE).
5. Rich set of APIs & Services: A number of built-in APIs and
services in Google App Engine enable developers to create
strong, feature-rich apps.
6. Scalability: This is one of the deciding variables for the
success of any software. When using the Google app engine to
construct apps, you may access technologies like GFS, Big
Table, and others that Google uses to build its own apps.
 7. Performance and Reliability: Among international brands,
Google ranks among the top ones. Therefore, you must bear
that in mind while talking about performance and reliability.
8. Cost Savings: To administer your servers, you don’t need to
employ engineers or even do it yourself. The money you save
might be put toward developing other areas of your company.
9. Platform Independence: Since the app engine platform only
has a few dependencies, you can easily relocate all of your data
to another environment.

3.What is Azure?
Azure is Microsoft’s cloud platform, just like Google has its Google
Cloud and Amazon has its Amazon Web Service or AWS.000.
Generally, it is a platform through which we can use Microsoft’s
resources. For example, to set up a huge server, we will require huge
investment, effort, physical space, and so on. In such situations,
Microsoft Azure comes to our rescue. It will provide us with virtual
machines, fast processing of data, analytical and monitoring tools, and
so on to make our work simpler. The pricing of Azure is also simpler
and cost-effective. Popularly termed as “Pay As You Go”, which means
how much you use, pay only for that.

How Does Microsoft Azure Work?

It is a private and public cloud platform that helps developers and IT
professionals to build deploy and manage the application. It uses the
technology known as virtualization. Virtualization separates the tight
coupling between the hardware and the operating system using an
abstraction layer called a hypervisor. Hypervisor emulates all the
functions of a computer in the virtual machine, it can run multiple virtual
machines at the same time and each virtual machine can run any
operating system such as Windows or Linux. Azure takes this
virtualization technique and repeats it on a massive scale in the data
center owned by Microsoft. Each data center has many racks filled with
servers and each server includes a hypervisor to run multiple virtual
machines. The network switch provides connectivity to all those
servers.
Azure will provide the Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform
which offers
 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
 Platform as a service (PaaS).
 Software as a service (SaaS).
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Virtual machines, storage, and networking will come under the category
of infrastructure as a service but the users have to do manually the
build and deploy of the applications. Azure will support a wide range of
operating systems because of its Hyper-hypervisor.
Platform as a service (PaaS)
Azure app service, Azure functions, and logic apps are some services
that are offered by Azure under the platform as a service. This service
will provide autoscaling and load balancing and also there will be a pre-
configured environment for the application.
Software as a service (SaaS)
Office 365, Dynamics 365, and Azure Active Directory are some of the
services provided by Microsoft Azure under Software as a Service
(SaaS) the complete application will be managed by the Microsoft
azure including deploying, scaling and load balancing.
What is a public cloud? Everything you need to know
Computing in which service provider makes all resources public over
the internet. It is connected to the public Internet. Service provider
serves resources such as virtual machines, applications, storage, etc to
the general public over the internet. It may be free of cost or with
minimal pay-per-usage. It is available for public display, Google uses
the cloud to run some of its applications like google docs, google drive
or YouTube, etc.
It is the most common way of implementing cloud computing. The
external cloud service provider owns, operates, and delivers it over the
public network. It is best for the companies which need an
infrastructure to accommodate a large number of customers and work
on projects which have diverse organizations i.e. research institutions
and NGOs etc.
Key Characteristics of Public Clouds:
 Accessibility
 Scalability
 Cost-effectiveness
 Security
 Reliability

What Is Microsoft Azure Used For?

Following are the some the use cases that Microsoft Azure Used.
 Deployment Of applications: You can develop and deploy
the application in the azure cloud by using the service called
Azure App Service and Azure Functions after deploying the
applications end users can access it.
 Identity and Access Managment: The application and data
which is deployed and stored in the Microsoft Azure can be
 secured with the help of Identity and Access Managment. It’s
commonly used for single sign-on, multi-factor authentication,
and identity governance.
 Data Storage and Databases: You can store the data in
Microsoft azure in service like blob storage for unstructured
data, table storage for NoSQL data, file storage, and Azure
SQL Database for relational databases. The service can be
scaled depending on the amount of data we are getting.
 DevOps and Continuous Integration/Continuous
Deployment (CI/CD): Azure DevOps will provide some tools
like ncluding version control, build automation, release
management, and application monitoring.

Azure for DR and Backup

A full range of disaster recovery (DR) and backup services are
available from Microsoft Azure to help shield your vital data and apps
from interruptions. With the help of these services, you may quickly
restore your data and applications in the event of a disaster by
replicating them to a secondary cloud site. Azure backup services also
protect your data from ransomware attacks, unintentional deletion, and
corruption.
Key Azure DR and Backup Services
 Azure Site Recovery: Your on-premises virtual machines
(VMs) can be replicated to Azure more easily with the help of
this solution. You may easily failover your virtual machines
(VMs) to Azure in the event of a disaster and keep your
business running. Azure VM replication to an alternative Azure
region is also supported by Azure Site Recovery.
 Azure Backup: If you want to protect the data which is present
in the cloud then you need to use the Azure Backup service. It
offers a single area to monitor backup jobs, manage backup
policies, and recover data.Azure pricing and costs.
Azure competition
Following are the some of the competitors of Microsoft Azure:
 Amazon Web Services (AWS).
 Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
 IBM Cloud.
 Alibaba Cloud.
 Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI).
Azure History
Microsoft unveiled Windows Azure in early October 2008 but it went to
live after February 2010. Later in 2014, Microsoft changed its name
from Windows Azure to Microsoft Azure. Azure provided a service
platform for .NET services, SQL Services, and many Live Services.
Many people were still very skeptical about “the cloud”. As an industry,
we were entering a brave new world with many possibilities. Microsoft
Azure is getting bigger and better in the coming days. More tools and
more functionalities are being added. It has two releases as of now. It’s
a famous version of Microsoft Azure v1 and later Microsoft Azure v2.
Microsoft Azure v1 was more JSON script-driven than the new version
v2, which has interactive UI for simplification and easy learning.
Microsoft Azure v2 is still in the preview version.
How Azure can help in business?
Azure can help our business in the following ways-
 Capital less: We don’t have to worry about the capital as
Azure cuts out the high cost of hardware. You simply pay as
you go and enjoy a subscription-based model that’s kind to
your cash flow. Also, setting up an Azure account is very easy.
You simply register in Azure Portal and select your required
subscription and get going.
 Less Operational Cost: Azure has a low operational cost
because it runs on its servers whose only job is to make the
cloud functional and bug-free, it’s usually a whole lot more
reliable than your own, on-location server.
 Cost Effective: If we set up a server on our own, we need to
hire a tech support team to monitor them and make sure things
are working fine. Also, there might be a situation where the
tech support team is taking too much time to solve the issue
incurred in the server. So, in this regard is way too pocket-
friendly.
 Easy Back-Up and Recovery options: Azure keeps backups
of all your valuable data. In disaster situations, you can recover
all your data in a single click without your business getting
affected. Cloud-based backup and recovery solutions save
time, avoid large up-front investments and roll up third-party
expertise as part of the deal.
 Easy to implement: It is very easy to implement your
business models in Azure. With a couple of on-click activities,
you are good to go. Even there are several tutorials to make
you learn and deploy faster.
 Better Security: Azure provides more security than local
servers. Be carefree about your critical data and business
applications. As it stays safe in the Azure Cloud. Even, in
natural disasters, where the resources can be harmed, Azure
is a rescue. The cloud is always on.
  Work from anywhere: Azure gives you the freedom to work
from anywhere and everywhere. It just requires a network
connection and credentials. And with most serious Azure cloud
services offering mobile apps, you’re not restricted to which
device you’ve got to hand.
 Increased collaboration: With Azure, teams can access, edit
and share documents anytime, from anywhere. They can work
and achieve future goals hand in hand. Another advantage of
Azure is that it preserves records of activity and data.
Timestamps are one example of Azure’s record-keeping.
Timestamps improve team collaboration by establishing
transparency and increasing accountability.

What are the Various Azure Services and How does Azure Work?
Following are some of the services Microsoft Azure offers:
1. Compute: Includes Virtual Machines, Virtual Machine Scale
Sets, Functions for serverless computing, Batch for
containerized batch workloads, Service Fabric for
microservices and container orchestration, and Cloud Services
for building cloud-based apps and APIs.
2. Networking: With Azure, you can use a variety of networking
tools, like the Virtual Network, which can connect to on-
premise data centers; Load Balancer; Application Gateway;
VPN Gateway; Azure DNS for domain hosting, Content
Delivery Network, Traffic Manager, ExpressRoute dedicated
private network fiber connections; and Network Watcher
monitoring and diagnostics
3. Storage: Includes Blob, Queue, File, and Disk Storage, as well
as a Data Lake Store, Backup, and Site Recovery, among
others.
4. Web + Mobile: Creating Web + Mobile applications is very
easy as it includes several services for building and deploying
applications.
5. Containers: Azure has a property that includes Container
Service, which supports Kubernetes, DC/OS or Docker Swarm,
and Container Registry, as well as tools for microservices.
6. Databases: Azure also included several SQL-based
databases and related tools.
 7. Data + Analytics: Azure has some big data tools like
HDInsight for Hadoop Spark, R Server, HBase, and Storm
clusters
8. AI + Cognitive Services: With Azure developing applications
with artificial intelligence capabilities, like the Computer Vision
API, Face API, Bing Web Search, Video Indexer, and
Language Understanding Intelligent.
9. Internet of Things: Includes IoT Hub and IoT Edge services
that can be combined with a variety of machine learning,
analytics, and communications services.
10. Security + Identity: Includes Security Center, Azure Active
Directory, Key Vault, and Multi-Factor Authentication Services.
11. Developer Tools: Includes cloud development services like
Visual Studio Team Services, Azure DevTest Labs,
HockeyApp mobile app deployment and monitoring, Xamarin
cross-platform mobile development, and more.
Difference between AWS (Amazon Web Services), Google Cloud,
and Azure
AWS Google Cloud Azure

Google
EC2 (Elastic VHD (Virtual Hard
Technolo Compute
Compute Cloud) Disk)
gy Engine(GCE)

Technologies
pioneered by
AWS fully Google, like Big Azure supports
supports Query, Big both relational
relational and Table, and and NoSQL
NoSQL Hadoop, are through Windows
Database databases and databases, and AzureTable and
s Big Data. Big HDInsight.
Supporte Data,naturally
d fully supported.

Per hour — Per minute — Per minute —

Pricing rounded up. rounded up rounded up.

Models On demand, On demand — Per minute-

reserved spot. sustained use. rounded up
commitments(Pre
 AWS Google Cloud Azure

-paid or monthly)

Many enterprises
find it difficult to
Fewer features Less “Enterprise-
understand the
and services. ready.
Difficultie company cost
s structure.

 Blob
Storag
e
 Simple
 Queue
Storage
Storag  Cloud
Service(
e. storage.
S3)
 File  Persisten
 Elastic
Storag t Disk
Block
e  Transfer
Storage.
 Disk appliance
 Elastic
Storag .
File
e.
storage.
 Data
Storage Lake
Services Store

 Cloud
 Machin
speech
e
AI
 Sage learnin
 Cloud
maker. g
Viedo
 Lex.  Azure
Intelligen
 polly.And Bot
ce.
many service
 Cloud
more  Cogniti
Machine
ve
Machine learning
service
Learing engine.
4. Aneka Private Cloud Deployment Mode-

Aneka includes an extensible set of APIs associated with programming

models like MapReduce.

These APIs support different cloud models like a private, public, hybrid
Cloud.

Manjrasoft focuses on creating innovative software technologies to

simplify the development and deployment of private or public cloud
applications. Our product plays the role of an application platform as a
service for multiple cloud computing.

 Multiple Structures:
 Aneka is a software platform for developing cloud computing
applications.
 In Aneka, cloud applications are executed.
 Aneka is a pure PaaS solution for cloud computing.
  Aneka is a cloud middleware product.
 Manya can be deployed over a network of computers, a
multicore server, a data center, a virtual cloud infrastructure, or
a combination thereof.

Public Cloud Deployment Mode

Public cloud is a cloud deployment model where computing resources

are owned and operated by a provider and shared across multiple
tenants via the Internet.

A public cloud relies on a virtualized environment to provide an extension

of a company’s IT infrastructure, allowing that company to host certain
aspects of its infrastructure and services on virtual servers that are offsite
and owned by a third party. Public cloud service providers have different
strengths, and they offer a wide variety of services and pricing models.
Companies that are considering a migration to public cloud need to
carefully consider their options when it comes to choosing a provider,
especially if they will be locked into a long-term contract. Careful planning
can help to keep costs down on monthly cloud services bills, but
organizations with unpredictable public cloud usage may find it hard to
avoid spending a lot of money on public cloud services when usage
suddenly surges.

Because servers in the public cloud share data from multiple companies,
security in public cloud is another issue that IT managers will want to
weigh. Encrypting data is a good way to ensure stronger security, but if
you are using a combination of public and private cloud (also known as a
hybrid cloud), not all encryption platforms work across both public and
private clouds. There is also an inherent security risk whenever data is
moved between a private data center or private cloud and a public cloud.

One last consideration is the location of your public cloud service

provider. Data privacy laws in many countries require certain types of
data to be stored in-country. These laws change frequently, so it’s a good
idea to choose a cloud service provider that is located in your country
and can confirm that the servers where your data will be stored are local
and in compliance with regional laws. There is also the issue of latency
— if your data is being hosted on a different continent, it may take longer
than if it were stored close by.

A company that needs cloud computing services can choose to use a

public cloud (where cloud services are hosted by a cloud service provider
and shared with other tenants), a private cloud (where cloud services are
hosted by the company itself), or a combination of the two, known as a
hybrid cloud.

Public cloud offers the advantage of easy scalability. Although a private

cloud is less expensive than using a public cloud (after an initial
investment in the infrastructure), it doesn’t scale as easily. Growing the
infrastructure can require the purchase of additional equipment. If usage
of the private cloud shrinks, expensive resources and equipment become
underutilized.

Hybrid cloud can be a great compromise for those considering public

cloud vs private cloud. Hybrid cloud refers to any combination of private
and public cloud solutions. A hybrid cloud environment allows
organizations to benefit from the advantages of both types of cloud
platforms and choose which cloud to use based on specific data needs.
For instance, hybrid cloud provides an alternative for storing sensitive
data — a company might provide services via a public cloud while
keeping sensitive information on a private cloud.

Hybrid Cloud Deployment

A hybrid cloud is a cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on-

premises, private cloud and third-party public cloud services with
orchestration between these platforms. This typically involves a
connection from an on-premises data center to a public cloud. The
connection also can involve other private assets, including edge devices
or other cloud services, such as storage.

The concept of hybrid cloud computing reflects the modern idea that IT
resources and services are not singular or ubiquitous, but rather a
complex and dynamic mix of hardware, applications, resources and
services. All of those varied assets can be operated from many providers
and delivered to an enterprise on demand from countless global
locations.
5. Cloud Application: Protein Structure Prediction
Protein Structure Prediction: In this tutorial, we will learn how protein
structure prediction can be carried out using cloud computing, why we need
Protein, and the most common instruments for the prediction of protein
structures.By IncludeHelp Last updated : June 02, 2023
What is Protein Structure Prediction in Cloud Computing?
The prediction of the protein structure is the inference from its amino acid
sequence of the three-dimensional structure of a protein, that is, the
prediction of its secondary and tertiary structure from the primary structure.
Proteins are large amino acid-based molecules that our bodies and the cells in
our bodies need to function correctly. Significant quantities of protein are
present in our muscles, skin, bones, and many other areas of the body. The
prediction of protein structure is the best example in the field of science that
makes use of cloud applications for computing and storage. First, the primary
protein structures are formed, and then the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
structures are predicted from the primary structure.
Predictions of protein structures are carried out in this manner. The prediction
of protein structures also makes use of numerous other technologies, such as
artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and
probabilistic approaches, and is also of great significance in fields such as
theoretical chemistry and bioinformatics.
Fig: Composition of the Protein
Why do we need Protein?
Applications or s/w that require high computing capabilities and have large
data sets will result in high I/O operations. The prediction of the protein
structure will enable the production of new drugs by medical scientists.
System administrators should take advantage of a range of resources to
monitor and manage the technology deployed. This can be a public cloud
accessible via the Internet to everyone, or a private cloud created by a group of
access-restricted nodes.
These approaches can turn the problem in such a way that they can be divided
into three phases: initialization, classification, and a final step. Researchers can
not only easily deploy their prediction applications in a distributed
environment using the Grid middleware, but also track and control the
execution in the distributed environment.
Most Common Instruments for Prediction Of Protein Structures
1) CASP
CASP (Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction) is a community-wide
experiment in the simulation of protein structure from the amino acid
sequence to define and advance the state of the art. CASP tests many aspects
of modeling, including the precision of topologies of proteins, coordinates of
atoms, and assemblies of multi-proteins. The experiment also explores the
degree to which models can address biological-interest questions and how
various types of experimental data with sparse or low resolution can boost the
accuracy of the model.
2) CAMEO
Continuous Automated Model Evaluation (CAMEO) is a community-wide
project that is fully automated to continuously evaluate the accuracy and
reliability of protein structure prediction servers.

6.Cloud Application: Satellite Image Processing

Satellite Image Processing: In this tutorial, we will learn about the cloud
application satellite image processing and types of
resolutions.By IncludeHelp Last updated : June 02, 2023
What is Satellite Image Processing?
Satellite image processing is commonly used in engineering to design the
infrastructures or to track the environmental conditions or to detect the
responses of an imminent disaster. The variety of datasets of advanced
positioning techniques nowadays would have more variety. To extract the
knowledge of such datasets, the remote sensing scientist needs to be
themselves equipped with a better and more efficient computer and storage.
Cloud computing is a good idea because it offers all the requisite computing
resources (compute power). Possibly the most cost-effective way to access
computers as a service accessible online, to see which current cloud platform
shall be suitable for the complex analysis of remote sensing (RS) data, we
present here a comparative study between two popular cloud platforms,
Amazon and Microsoft, and the newest rival Cloud Sigma.
Resolutions Associated with Satellite Imagery
There are four kinds of resolutions loaded on satellite imagery that need to be
considered among others to decode. These are:
1) Spatial Resolution
In terms of pixels, spatial resolution is a concept used to define the number of
pixels used in the creation of a digital image. A picture or image that has more
pixels dedicated to making it look transparent is much more detailed than one
that has fewer pixels.
2) Spectral Resolution
Thus, the resolution is a measurement of the beam internal size and specifies
the number of intervals of information that the sensor detects.
3) Temporal Resolution
The definition of temporal resolution is also important to remember in a
remote sensing system, in addition to spatial, spectral, and radiometric
resolution. Revisit duration, which corresponds to the amount of time it takes
for a satellite to complete an entire cycle of orbit. Revisit duration for a satellite
sensor is usually several days to a few weeks. Therefore, providing a remote
sensing device with the capability to picture the same position on the same
site, at the same angle at the same time is equal to this duration. (i.e. 1
second). As the viewing area of Earth is extended, it is expanded in an area of
overlap or equivalence to the degree that a parallel image of Earth's surface is
obtained in a wider viewing arena, and changes in this field of overlap or
equivalence decrease in latitude. In addition to being able to view themselves,
satellites may also point their sensors to image the same region between
different satellite passes separated by periods from one to five days, which is
another potential way to achieve global surveillance. But in addition to that,
the temporal resolution of a sensor depends on a range of items.
4) Highest Scientific Resolution
Describing the radiometric characteristics of an image means that the
arrangement of pixels is merely a dress code; the actual information quality of
the image is what is significant. If you take an image, the amount of light
reflected by the image is measured and the radiometric resolution (i.e. the
smallest distance between two distinct points in the image) is determined by
that measurement. The radiometric resolution of an imaging device explains its
ability to discriminate very subtle variations in energy the finer the radiometric
resolution of a sensor the more sensitive it is to detecting tiny differences in
reflected or emitted energy.
7.What is a Cloud CRM?
Customer relationship management is the process of organising and making
sense of customer interactions across an organisation by collecting and
analysing relevant customer-related data. This information is housed in a
specialised database, known as a customer relationship management (CRM)
platform. Increasingly, these are hosted in the cloud, providing ease of access,
speed of processing and the scalability required to meet an organisation’s
changing needs.

What is cloud-based CRM software?

Customer relationship management software is hosted by the provider in the
cloud and is accessible through the internet. This kind of software solution is
also known as SaaS (Software as a Service). This hasn't been the case as CRM
platforms may also be stored locally in the organisation. Unlike a cloud-based
CRM solution, on-premises CRMs require a larger upfront cost and ongoing
personnel requirements.
The difference between traditional on-premises CRM and cloud CRM
With traditional on-premises CRM, the organisation itself will host and operate
the servers and network that house the customer database. In addition to
providing the infrastructure, organisations will need to pay for and manage all
of the resources needed to run the CRM when it’s on-premises. In this
arrangement, the organisation will need IT staff to maintain the systems and is
looking at significant upfront costs to create and manage the CRM platform.
By contrast, a cloud-hosted CRM means the provider manages all the
infrastructure to host and run the system. The organisation will access the CRM
through a web-based application or dashboard through an internet connection.
In this arrangement, the organisation does not face the upfront cost to create
and host the entire system and is not responsible for updates, security
management and maintenance.
What SaaS and cloud offer?
A cloud-hosted CRM platform is a type of software-as-a-service (SaaS). CRM is
just one type of SaaS and there is now a wide range of business software and
systems that are hosted through an external provider, who is responsible for
the provision and management of the web-based programs.
Cloud CRM platforms are accessible through internet-connected devices and
provide powerful tools for managing a wide array of customer interactions with
both existing and prospective customers.
When it comes to integration, the CRM system will need to connect each
application with the platform to ensure the free flow of all data points to
provide a complete picture of the organisation and its customers. A cloud-
hosted CRM is a powerful way to create a complete 360-degree view of the
customer with connected data feeds from within the organisation and outside
via social feeds and other sources.
Using a SaaS CRM, the provider acts as a partner to the organisation,
supporting its need for customer insights while also being responsible for the
maintenance and upgrades as part of the platform service it provides.
Organisations of any size can find that a cloud-hosted CRM is a benefit to their
business. Today every organisation, from small businesses to large enterprises
and public sector organisations, need to foster excellent customer relations and
a CRM platform sits at the heart of it.
Benefits of cloud-based CRM
A cloud-based CRM has many benefits that range from improving effectiveness
and productivity in customer interactions to ease of upgrades and scalability.
Most importantly, it enables the organisation to hone its customer service
offering while improving the efficiency of internal processes.
Ease of installation: Not having to provide the hardware, servers and security
allows organisations to rapidly adapt customer strategies without the upfront
costs and burden of developing these in-house.
Ease of operations: Organisations don’t need to cover the hardware and
maintenance costs because this is managed by the CRM provider. This in turn
reduces the infrastructure burden on the organisation while also allowing for
ease of adaptability as circumstances and needs change over time.
Ease of collaboration: Every member of an organisation can have access to the
relevant customer information when they need it, whether in-house or working
remotely, ensuring no one is out of the loop. With online operations, it’s easier
to have a connected, up-to-date workforce which allows the organisation to be
more responsive to changing customer needs and behaviour as they arise.
Flexibility: A cloud-based CRM is a flexible option that ensures there is
scalability and room to grow as the business changes and develops. A cloud-
run CRM offers the tools and features available when needed to adapt to
changing customer needs and behaviours.
Enhanced security: Security can’t be overlooked in any part of the organisation
and that includes the CRM. With a platform run in the cloud, dealing with
backups, bugs and any incidents is rapid and seamless.
What can cloud CRM be used for?
A CRM is only as effective as its features. When it comes to assessing the
effectiveness of a system to manage customer engagement, there are some
important features that will support better business outcomes.
Customer information: First and foremost, a CRM needs to be populated with
all of the relevant customer information that is required to understand and
connect with customers. Additionally, recording contacts, meetings and even
relevant documents in the CRM will support seamless, intelligent engagement
across all teams.
Platform integrations: The CRM will be more powerful if it has the functionality
to integrate with external data sources and connect with business tools such as
email and website hosting systems. Flexibility and customisation will play an
important role in ensuring you are able to get the most out of your CRM tools.
Dashboard: The dashboard is like the driver’s seat where every employee can
quickly and easily dial-up and view customer insights across a broad range of
metrics and data points. The easier to use, the more effective the system
because relevant insights can be discovered and acted upon by anyone viewing
the data.
Automation: An intelligent CRM should lift the burden of more repetitive
actions by enabling automation that boosts productivity and improves
customer engagement. The ability to streamline workflows is a powerful
feature of a CRM like Salesforce.
Sales funnel management: Tracking and measuring campaigns, recording,
scoring and tracking leads through the pipeline, managing conversions and
analysing forecasts and more should all be simplified with a CRM.
Data management: A CRM is the storehouse for the organisation’s valuable
customer data, and as such it must have robust data protections in place. This
should include data backup provisions and security protocols to protect
sensitive customer and organisational data.
How to choose a cloud CRM
The process for choosing a cloud-based CRM should involve several important
steps to ensure you make the most of this powerful platform.
Identify the requirements
What are the organisational needs and goals? These need to be clearly defined
so that they can be used as criteria when comparing different CRM options.
Define the budget
No one has unlimited funds, so defining the budget will help to determine the
wish list of features you need while weighing the costs when comparing
different CRM offerings.
Understand the features and benefits
Bells and whistles are exciting, but it’s important to be clear about what the
CRM offers and how these will help the organisation meet its goals and
objectives.
Choose the right partner
It’s crucial to choose the right partner for your cloud-based CRM solution. Be
sure the partner you choose can help you meet the needs of the organisation
as they are today and in the future as things evolve over time.