Tshivenda-Poetry-Datsha-La-Vharendi Study Guide

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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
SEPTEMBER 2022
GEOGRAPHY P2
MARKS: 150
TIME: 3 hours
This question paper consists of 16 pages.

2 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2022)
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
1. The question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS.
SECTION A:
QUESTION 1: Rural and Urban Settlements (60)
QUESTION 2: Economic Geography of South Africa (60)
SECTION B:
QUESTION 3: Geographical Skills and Techniques (30)
2. Answer all THREE questions.
3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.
4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.
5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
6. Number the questions correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.
8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.
9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify
or list.
10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g.

1 020 hPa, 14°C and 45m..
11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.
12. You may use a magnifying glass.
13. Write neatly and legibly.
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B
14. A 1 : 50 000 topographic map 3025AD PHILIPPOLIS and a 1 : 10 000 orthophoto

map 3025 AD 01 PHILIPPOLIS are provided.
15. The area demarcated in RED and BLACK on the topographic map represents
the area covered by the orthophoto map.
16. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for the steps in the calculations.
17. You must hand the topographic map and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at
the end of this examination session.
Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2022) GEOGRAPHY P2 3
SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC

GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA
QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS
1.1 The sketch below shows various rural settlements. Match the descriptions in
QUESTIONS 1.1.1 to 1.1.8 with the letters (A–F). Write only the letter (A–F)
next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for
example 1.1.9 G. Letters may be repeated.
[Adapted from Success with exams]
1.1.1 A settlement that is isolated.
1.1.2 A settlement that has its shape influenced by a star shape road.
1.1.3 A settlement that is a wet point.
1.1.4 A settlement that has a linear shape.
1.1.5 A dry point settlement.
1.1.6 A settlement built in the gap/pass.
1.1.7 A settlement pattern which results in less social contact.
1.1.8 A choice of site of this settlement is influenced by soil fertility.

(8 x 1) (8)

1.2 Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets. Write only the word(s)
next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example
1.2.8 threshold population.
1.2.1 (Urban expansion/Urbanisation) refers to the increase in the percentage
of people living in urban areas.
1.2.2 (Central city/Central place) is an urban area providing goods and
services to the surrounding rural population.
1.2.3 (Low order/High order) services are required on a daily basis.
1.2.4 Maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel to purchase goods is
the (threshold population/range of goods).
1.2.5 Overcrowding is a result of urban (growth/expansion).
1.2.6 The (range of goods/threshold population) refers to the number of
people needed for a business to make a profit.
1.2.7 Developed countries have a (high/low) rate of urbanisation. (7 x 1) (7)
1.3 Refer to the extract below on land reform.
SOUTH AFRICA'S LAND REFORM EFFORTS LACK FOCUS ON

STRUGGLING FARMERS
South Africa’s land reform programme has suffered many failures and its
beneficiaries have in many cases seen little or no improvements to
their livelihoods. Land reform remains a contested ‘unresolved historical
grievance’.
South Africa has a history of colonisation, racial domination and racially based
land dispossession. The land restitution process is part of the broader land
reform programme which includes redistribution and tenure reform.
There is a general agreement that land reform has been a failure and needs to
be sped up. Research shows that between 70% to 90% of the projects (including
land restitution projects) have failed.
Land reform has contributed little to helping beneficiaries earn a livelihood from
the land and creating self-sufficient farmers. The reasons for this include
inadequate post-settlement support, lack of skills, poor planning and infighting
within communities.
[Adapted from https://theconversation.com/south-africas-land-reform-efforts-lack-a-focus-on-
struggling-farmers]
1.3.1 Define the term land reform. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.2 According to the extract, why has the land reform programme failed?
(1 x 1) (1)
1.3.3 Explain TWO reasons why land reform is necessary in South Africa.
(2 x 2) (4)
1.3.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, suggest methods that the
government can put in place to provide support to the people resettled
on the land after land reform. (4 x 2) (8)
1.4 Refer to the infographic on a commercial decentralisation in the Buffalo City

Metropolitan area.
MDANTSANE CITY TURNS EIGHT AND EXEMPLIFIES

THE CHANGING FACE OF TOWNSHIP RETAIL
"Since retailers began entering the neighbourhood space in the late 1990s, and
more so in the recent years, township residents have benefitted enormously,"
said the Mdantsane City's GM, Dean Dreary, whose centre has become a
mainstay in one of South Africa's largest townships, Mdantsane outside East
London.
Aside from assisting with job creation, the township-based shopping centre has
alleviated residents' need to commute long distances to and from the city
centre.
[Source: bizcommunity.com]
[Adapted from za.toponavi.com]
1.4.1 The movement of commercial functions out of the CBD is commercial

(centralisation/decentralisation). (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 The shopping centre in Mdantsane is an outlying (business

district/planned neighbourhood centre). (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.3 State THREE factors that promoted the location of the shopping centre.
(3 x 1) (3)
1.4.4 How will the development of Mdantsane City shopping centre have a
positive social impact on the area? (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.5 Explain the negative factors in the CBD that resulted in the relocation
of businesses to Mdantsane and its surrounding area. (3 x 2) (6)

1.5 Refer to the extract below on informal settlements.
STUDENT TEACHERS SHARE IDEAS ABOUT IMPROVING INFORMAL

SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA
In South Africa, 25,6% of the population live in informal dwellings and the
numbers increase annually in the urban areas. Informal dwellings are
temporary structures built with materials such as hardboard, asbestos and
corrugated iron. They tend not to be compliant with building regulations.
These unplanned settlements lack resources, infrastructure and basic

services. Waste is discharged into clean water sources and people have to
use energy sources like coal, illegally connected electricity, gas and paraffin.
These pose a risk of fires and the release of harmful gases into the
atmosphere.
The growth of unplanned settlements also creates challenges for healthcare

provision, security, education prospects and environmental sustainability.
Government policies need to address these issues, but education is key in
fostering respect for the environment.
[Source: https://theconversation.com/student-teachers-share-ideas-about-improving-informal-
settlements-in-south-africa-166854]
Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets. Write only the word(s)
next to the question numbers (1.5.1 to 1.5.2) in the ANSWER BOOK.
1.5.1 Informal settlements are located in (rural/urban) areas. (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.2 Informal settlements result in (counter-urbanisation/urban sprawl).

(1 x 1) (1)
1.5.3 State ONE reason why people settle in informal settlements. (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.4 Give TWO social injustices that people living in informal settlements,
face. (2 x 1) (2)
1.5.5 Describe TWO ways in which shack dwellers often show their
growing discontent (unhappiness) in South Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.6 Suggest measures government could implement to address the

social injustices faced by people living in informal settlements. (3 x 2) (6)
[60]

QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA
2.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer from the pie chart below and write only the letter (A–D) next
to the question numbers (2.1.1 to 2.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for
example 2.1.9 A.
[Source: http://www.statssa.gov.za]
2.1.1 The total value of goods and services produced in a country in one year.
A Gross National Product

B Gross Domestic Product
C Balance of Trade
D Trade agreement
2.1.2 … form(s) part of the tertiary sector of the economy.
A Electricity, gas and water

B Agriculture, forestry and fishing
C Construction
D Manufacturing
2.1.3 Construction forms part of the … sector.
A primary
B secondary
C tertiary
D quaternary

2.1.4 Which tertiary activity contributed the biggest percentage to the South
African economy?
A General government services

B Manufacturing
C Wholesale, retail and motor industry
D Finance, real estate and business services
2.1.5 … contributed the least to the primary sector.
A Mining and quarrying

B Agriculture, forestry, fishing
C Transport, storage, and communication
D Construction
2.1.6 … dominated the secondary sector.
A General government services

B Manufacturing
C Trade, catering and accommodation
D Personal services
2.1.7 … contributed the least to the South African economy.
A Personal services
B General government services
C Electricity, gas and water
D Transport, storage and communication
2.1.8 What percentage did the tertiary sector contribute to the South African
economy?
A 7,4%
B 18,4%
C 54,4%
D 63,5% (8 x 1) (8)

2.2 The photographs below show examples of a FORMAL and an INFORMAL

sector. Match the description in QUESTIONS 2.2.1 to 2.2.7 with the
photographs. Write only FORMAL or INFORMAL next to the question numbers
(2.2.1 to 2.2.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.2.8 Formal.
FORMAL INFORMAL
[Source: easterncapeindustrialnews.co.za] [Source: startupafrica.co.za]
2.2.1 Many people are self-employed in this sector.
2.2.2 The sector which makes the largest contribution to the GDP of a country.
2.2.3 The sector that generally shows a small profit margin.
2.2.4 Businesses are on streets with makeshift shelters.
2.2.5 Greater job security and benefits prevail in this sector.
2.2.6 Businesses are not registered with South African Revenue Service
(SARS).
2.2.7 Machinery and up-to-date technology is used in this sector. (7 x 1) (7)

2.3 Refer to the infographic on sugarcane farming and production.
FACTORS AFFECTING SUGARCANE PRODUCTION BY SMALL-SCALE

GROWERS
Sugarcane is an important crop worldwide due to its many nutritional and

economic uses. Small-scale sugarcane growers (SSGs) are a significant sector
of sugarcane production in South Africa. However, the number of SSGs has
declined from 50 000 in the 2000s to less than 13 000 in 2017.
Results show that late harvesting, late fertiliser application, and chemicals
application were primary challenges facing SSGs, likely to result in declining
sugarcane yield.
Other problems included, were a shortage and high wages of labour which was
followed by the high price of inputs (seed, fertiliser, insecticide, pesticide); low
price of cane; non-availability of fertiliser, insect, pest and diseases; lack of
clean seed …
[Adapted from https://www.mdpi.com]
[Adapted from USDA, SASA]
2.3.1 Identify a physical factor in the extract that had a negative impact on
the sugarcane production in 2013–2017. (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.2 By how many metric tons (MT) did the sugar cane production
decrease from 2013/14 to 2016/17? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.3 Suggest TWO ways in which the government can assist small-scale
sugarcane farmers to increase production. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, explain the economic

challenges that currently impact negatively on the sugarcane industry.
(4 x 2) (8)

2.4 Refer to the extract on the PWV/Gauteng industrial Region.
SOUTH AFRICA’S ELECTRICITY WOES CONTINUE TO PLACE

MANUFACTURING IN THE GAUTENG (PWV) CORE INDUSTRIAL
REGION AT RISK
The lack of reliable electricity supply is not only leading to lost production and
increased costs across South Africa’s shrinking manufacturing sector, but has
left enterprises unable to plan, invest and grow.
The region was at a ‘tipping point’ and at risk of becoming a ‘rust belt’, with
significant plant closures, rising unemployment and crime, as well as low rates
of local and foreign investment.
However, the Gauteng (PWV) core industrial region has cemented its status
towards being the capital of SA's motor vehicle manufacturing industry by
launching its first automotive special economic zone (SEZ).
The automotive vehicle manufacturer Ford Motor Company will see at least
R3.6bn in projected investment being pumped into the project. The first phase
of the project was set to create almost 7,000 direct jobs.
When the project is completed in 2021, hundreds more indirect jobs are
expected to be created as the SEZ will be buzzing with automotive component
suppliers and related service providers.
[Adapted from sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-11-11-gauteng-revs-engine-to-take-

over-car-industry/]
2.4.1 What energy source has led to the Gauteng/PWV core industrial
region declining? (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.2 State TWO economic problems that the manufacturing industry is

facing, according to the extract. (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.3 How will the automotive industry over time stimulate the growth of
other industries in the region? (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.4 How will energy provision become a major challenge for the
automotive special economic zone (SEZ), which is located in the
PWV/Gauteng core industrial region in the next three years. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.5 Explain why the PWV/Gauteng Industrial Region is a preferred

destination for Ford Motor Company international investors. (3 x 2) (6)

2.5 Refer to the infographic on the Dube TradePort Industrial Development Zone.
[Adapted by Examiner]
2.5.1 Name the province in which Dube TradePort IDZ is located. (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2 State ONE type of industry from the infographic that is found in the
Tradeport Industrial Development Zone. (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.3 Name the international airport that is close to the Dube TradePort
Industrial Development Zone. (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.4 Explain ONE economic advantage of the airport (answer to

QUESTION 2.5.3). (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.5 What positive economic benefits will the Dube TradePort Industrial
Development Zone have for the region? (2 x 2) (4)
2.5.6 Explain how accessibility due to the infrastructure linked to the Dube
TradePort Industrial Development Zone, will support rapid economic
growth in this IDZ. (3 x 2) (6)
[60]

SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON PHILIPPOLIS
Coordinates: 30° 15’ S : 25°16’ E
Philippolis is a small town situated in the Motheo and Xhariep region of the Free
State Province in South Africa. In 1823 it served as a missionary outpost for the
Bushman. This makes Philippolis the oldest settlement in the Free State Province.
In the 1960s, Africa’s version of Asia’s Grand Trunk Highway – the Great North Road
– threatened to swallow up the tiny little Southern Free State village on its march from
Cape Town to Cairo. Instead, the N1 bypassed Philippolis and there was great
sadness in the town. No tourist boom. No franchise strip mall. No motels and no
immediate job bonanza for locals. The impressive (for those days) 3 petrol stations
that the town boasted dwindled to 1, and many buildings and farms were abandoned
as residents left for more lucrative locations.
Seventy-five of Philippolis buildings have been declared national monuments.
However, the town still serves as a central place town for the community.
[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippolis. Free State]
The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the
topographic map:
ENGLISH AFRIKAANS
Diggings Uitgrawings
Sewerage works Rioolwerke
Library Biblioteek
Furrow Voor

3.1 MAPWORK SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS
Refer to the trigonometrical station 249 at 1 in block A2 and spot height 1387
in block B3 found on the orthophoto map. The cross-section below represents
the gradient.
3.1.1 The highest human-made feature at trigonometrical station 249

is the …
A spot height.
B road.
C reservoir.
D communication tower. (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.2 The highest altitude on the cross section is …
A 249.
B 1 390.
C 1 455
D 1 380. (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.3 The horizontal scale of 1 : 10 000 on the cross-section is a …
A ratio.
B fraction.
C line.
D word. (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.4 Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross-section. Show ALL

calculations. Marks will be awarded for calculations.
Vertical Scale (VS)

Formula: Vertical Exaggeration (VE) =
Horizontal Equivalent (HE)
(4 x 1) (4)
3.1.5 Vertical exaggerations on cross-sections make interpretation

of the landscape more (easier/difficult). (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.6 Give reasons for your answer to QUESTION 3.1.5. (2 x 1) (2)
3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION
Refer to the area S in blocks A2 and B2 on the topographic map.
3.2.1 (a) Give the shape of the built-up area at F. (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Give ONE reason for this general shape. (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.2 State TWO situation factors that could have influenced the location of
Philippolis. (2 x 1) (2)
3.2.3 Give ONE point of evidence on the topographic map that indicates
that Philippolis is a central place/town. (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.4 How do the roads linking Philippolis impact the sphere of influence
of the town? (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.5 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.2.4. (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.6 State ONE advantage of the 717 passing through Philippolis, for
motorists. (1 x 2) (2)

3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
Refer to the photograph below.
[Source: https://montgomerylandsurveying.com/drone-surveying]
3.3.1 Which GIS method did the aeroplane above use to gather information?
(1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2 Images from the aeroplane were used to make the topographic map.
Explain how South African topographic maps are standardised.
(1 x 2) (2)
Refer to the topographic map.
3.3.3 Mention ONE way in which primary data can be collected to do

an environmental impact study to evaluate the influence of soil erosion
in block D5. (2 x 1) (2)
3.3.4 Soil erosion in block D5 can affect the farming area T. Mention TWO
data layers in block D5 that GIS specialists can use to stop the
spread of soil erosion. (2 x 1) (2)
3.3.5 Identify the line feature that was used to limit the impact of erosion
on farm area T. (1 x 1) (1)
[30]
TOTAL: 150

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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
SEPTEMBER 2022
GEOGRAPHY P2
MARKING GUIDELINE
MARKS: 150
This marking guideline consists of 10 pages.

QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS
1.1 1.1.1 B (1)
1.1.2 C (1)
1.1.3 E (1)
1.1.4 A (1)
1.1.5 D (1)
1.1.6 F (1)
1.1.7 B (1)
1.1.8 B (1) (8 x 1) (8)
1.2 1.2.1 Urbanisation (1)
1.2.2 Central place (1)
1.2.3 Low order (1)
1.2.4 range of goods (1)
1.2.5 growth (1)
1.2.6 threshold population (1)
1.2.7 low (1) (7 x 1) (7)
1.3 1.3.1 A process of redressing the injustices of displacement and forced

removal that took place during apartheid. (2)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.2 The beneficiaries have seen little or no improvements to their

livelihoods (1)
Redistributed land is not used productively (1)
South Africa’s land reform efforts lack a focus on struggling farmers (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.3 To promote economic growth of those who were disadvantaged (2)

To create self-sufficient farmers (2)
To redress injustices/imbalances from the past (2)
The legacy of apartheid predominated over the unfair distribution of
land and land reform sets out to correct this injustice (2)
National reconciliation (2)
To improve food production in the previously marginalised sectors of
the population (2)
Land reform will help people to have access to land (2)
To alleviate poverty as most communities during apartheid lived on
communal land (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.4 POST-SETTLEMENT SUPPORT FOR LAND REFORM PROCESSES

Revising land reform policies (2)
Measures to ensure redistributed land is used productively (2)
Inclusion of local communities to establish needs through
consultation (2)
Establishing educational centres in these settlements for up-skilling the
communities (2)
Training and development in modern farming methods/mentorship to
new farmers (2)
Monitoring and evaluation of processes must be reliable (2)
Monitoring and evaluation of allocation of resources must be reliable (2)
Relook at the policies of buying land (2)
Subsidise small scale farming communities to encourage the buying and
selling of their produce (2)
Create market areas for trading (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)
1.4 1.4.1 Decentralisation (1) (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.2 Planned neighbourhood shopping centre (1) (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.3 Access via roads (N2/Access highway/R346) – suits the motorists (1)
Open land and space for a large mall, with parking space (1)
Close to outlying residential areas (clientele/market-base) (1) (3 x 1) (3)
1.4.4 Attracts high quality facilities and conveniences / opening of

businesses (2)
Growth of emerging middle income will benefit area as more money
spent (2)
Saving as people no longer need to travel (2)
Permanent jobs created/situated close to job opportunities (2)
Property values will rise due to investment in area (2)
Taxi rank linking metropolitan area (East London) would benefit
region (2)
Infrastructure would be improved (accept examples – roads,
water …) (2)
Better aesthetic appeal due to upgrading (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.5 Crime/crime in the inner-city (2)

Very expensive land and rentals in the CBD (2)
Overcrowding in the CBD (2)
Traffic congestion in the CBD (2)
Reduced access in the CBD (2)
Lack of parking in the CBD (2)
Limited expansion prospects in the CBD (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)
1.5 1.5.1 Urban area (1)

(1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 Urban sprawl (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.3 Poverty (1)
Unemployment (1)
High unemployment rate in the country (1)
Lack of skills (1)
High cost of housing (1)
No proper documentation (1)
Influx of poor foreigners/refugees (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.4 Spread of diseases (1)
Social issues (accept examples) (1)
Overcrowding (1)
Lack of hygiene (1)
Lack of basic services (accept examples) (1)
Crime (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
1.5.5 Protest actions that can turn to violence/can lead to violence (accept
examples) (2)
Burning of tyres along roads (2)
Blocking of roads to traffic (2)
Looting and damaging businesses/shops (2)
Burning down shacks (2)
Burning down government/municipal buildings (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.6 Relocate people and build decent houses where the space is
available (2)
Provide cheap building material to build houses (2)
Provision of proper low-cost houses/RDP houses/Self-help housing
schemes (2)
Provide basic services to the people (2)
Provide tarred roads with better drainage systems (2)
Provision of water points and piped water in the houses (2)
Provision of storm water drainage (2)
Provision of sanitation (2)
Regular refuse removal (2)
Provision of electricity in a form of solar panels (2)
Move business to the region (decentralisation) (2)
Improved education provision/upskilling (2)
Improved security (2)
Better pay / increasing minimum wage (2)
Security increases through food gardens or programmes (2)
Microloans for small businesses (2)
Job creation to improve standard of living (2)
Increase more self-help facilities (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)
[60]

QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA
2.1 2.1.1 B (1)
2.1.2 A (1)
2.1.3 B (1)
2.1.4 D (1)
2.1.5 B (1)
2.1.6 B (1)
2.1.7 C (1)
2.1.8 B (1) (8 x 1) (8)
2.2 2.2.1 Informal (1)
2.2.2 Formal (1)
2.2.3 Informal (1)
2.2.4 Informal (1)
2.2.5 Formal (1)
2.2.6 Informal (1)
2.2.7 Formal (1) (7 x 1) (7)
2.3 2.3.1 Insects (1)

Pest (1)
Diseases (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.2 700 tons (650 to 750 tons) (2) (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.3 Increase education/skills of farmers (2)

Provide government subsidies and grants (2)
Funding/capital from banks (2)
Create easier access to services/facilities (accept examples) (2)
Government can intensify support by allocation of agricultural
services (2)
Land reform programmes for farmers (2)
More research to improve production (2)
Development of infrastructure (2)
Regulation and subsidy of market prices (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.4 Diminishing profitability given input costs versus financial returns (2)
Limited capital for farmers (2)
Sugar tax pushes up production costs (2)
Insufficient protection against cheap imports (2)
Use of tariffs, subsidies, quotes make it difficult to compete with
major markets (2)
Water restrictions will increase the costs of production (2)
Small businesses will be impacted upon because of competition with
large scale sugarcane growers (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)
2.4 2.4.1 Electricity (1) (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.2 Job losses (1)

Lost production/plant closures (1)
Crime (1)
Inadequate investment (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.3 Automotive component suppliers and related service providers are

created (2)
Development of link industries (accept examples) (2)
Causes a multiplier effect with regards to other industries (accept
examples) (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.4 Rising costs of energy (2)

Power cuts/load shedding affect productivity (2)
Overload on ESKOM grid that cannot cope with demand (2)
Unreliable power network (2)
Theft of power cables disrupt power provision (2)
Corruption in the coal mining sector hampers productivity (2)
Over reliance on coal as a source of energy (2)
Coal is a non-renewable resource (2)
Coal is an unsustainable resource (2)
Negative environmental impact of coal (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.5 Many skilled/unskilled labourers ensure a high level of productivity (2)

A well-developed infrastructure providing essential services (2)
Capital and technology to maintain high levels of production (2)
Wide variety of raw materials to support industrial development (2)
Dense/large population creates readily available market/higher
purchasing power (2)
Flat land facilitates the development of new industries (2)
Well-developed transport system to transport raw materials/goods (2)
OR Tambo provides access to international investors (2)
Wide variety of established secondary and tertiary industries (2)
Johannesburg Security Exchange (JSE) is located in the PWV/
Gauteng (2)
Commercial and economic hub of South Africa (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)
2.5 2.5.1 KwaZulu-Natal (1) (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2 Electronics (1)

Agro processing (1)
Pharmaceuticals (1)
Clothing and textiles (1)
Automotive (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.3 King Shaka (1) (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.4 Creates an aerotropolis for supply chain logistics/aviation (2)

Being a modern airport – it can accommodate larger planes with a
3,7 km runway or exports (2)
Dube terminal can handle large volumes of goods (2)
Many more planes can be accommodated at once (2)
Enhanced operating environment with logistic zones (hubs) support
it (2)
Created interconnected infrastructure to compete on an international
scale (2)
Attracting investors in various sectors (accept examples) (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
2.5.5 Decreases the unemployment rate/creates employment (2)

Develops the local economy by creating more income amongst the
local communities (2)
Reduces poverty in the area (2)
Raises the standard of living/quality of life (2)
Reduces the crime levels (2)
Up skills and reskills of people (4th industrial revolution) (2)
Created new economic markets (2)
Upgrading of eThekwini/Richards Bay harbours (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.6 King Shaka International Airport is nearby / Aerotropolis initiative

underway (2)
Roads (N2) are well developed (accessible) and have been upgraded
to support greater volumes (2)
N3 to Gauteng is an important market (2)
Railway links to Gauteng and other regions provide manufacturers
and exporters good supply chain and market access (2)
Durban harbour which supports import and exports close-by
upgraded (2)
Richards Bay harbour which supports import and exports close-by
upgraded (2)
Airport City and business (passenger) environment is a state-of-art
modal trade gateway to the world/world class freight cargo
facilities (2)
Infrastructure development in Dube Trade Zone linking all
stakeholders in the area (2)
Facilities such as Dube Connect will enable the region to expand with
its resources available to the Dube operations (2)
Infrastructure supports both heavy and light industry’s (2)
Large dams and pipelines provide access to water for industrial
development (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)
[60]

SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
3.1 MAPWORK SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1.1 D (communication tower) (1) (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.2 C (1 455) (1) (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.3 A (ratio scale) (1) (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.4 VS = 1 cm represents 10 m
10 x 100 cm = 1 000 cm (1)
VS = 1 : 1 000 (1)
HS = 1 : 10 000 (1)
1
1 : 1 000 1 000
VE= 1 (1) OR 1 (1)
: 10 000
10 000
1 10 000
x
1 000 1
25 times (1) (4 x 1) (4)

3.1.5 Yes (1) (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.6 The shape of the feature on the landscape is clearer when
vertical (1)
It emphasises the topography of the landscape (1)
Emphasises vertical features which are too small to identify relative to
the horizontal scale (1)
Specific features are more recognisable/clearer (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION
3.2.1 (a) Linear/Line/Ribbon (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
(b) It developed along the road (717) (1) (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.2 It is situated between hills/sheltered sites (1)
They are situated close to transport networks/roads (717)/N1 close (1)
Dry point/Situated away from river (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
3.2.3 Philippolis has transport routes linking it to the surrounding rural areas/
roads from different directions converge (2)
It has many urban services (Accept other examples e.g.
Churches/Schools/Police Stations/Post office/Library/Shops/Hospitals/
Recreational facilities) (2)
People from the surrounding rural area can use these urban
services (2)
Roads from different directions converge (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.4 The sphere of influence increases/extends/larger/bigger/expands (1)

(1 x 2) (2)
3.2.5 The roads will increase the accessibility of Philippolis attracting more
customers from a greater distance (2)
People will travel from further away to obtain goods and services in
Philippolis (2)
The roads increase accessibility from different directions (2)
The range would increase (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.6 Stop over after a long journey (2)

Refuelling of motor (2)
Buy goods needed for travelling e.g. refreshments (2)
Helps local economy (accept examples) (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
3.3.1 Remote sensing (1) (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2 Symbols used on the topographic maps are standard/the same (2)
Scale of 1 : 50 000 is used on all South African topographic maps (2)
Contour intervals are always 20 m (2)
Format of sheet index is the same (2)
Linear scale evident on all maps (2)
Format of indicating magnetic declination on the map is the same (2)
Alpha-numeric grid cells are use on all topographic maps (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.3.3 Photographs (2)

Satellite images (2)
Testing of natural environment e.g., testing soil and water quality (2)
Physical measurements using secondary data (2)
[ANY ONE] (2 x 1) (2)
3.3.4 Relief/Topography (1)

Land-use (1)
Geology (1)
Vegetation (1)
Drainage (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)
3.3.5 Wall (1) (1 x 1) (1)

[30]
TOTAL: 150

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This question paper consists of 16 pages.

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. The question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS.

2. Answer all THREE questions.

3. ALL diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

4. Leave a line between the subsections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g.

11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

12. You may use a magnifying glass.

13. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14. A 1 : 50 000 topographic map 3025AD PHILIPPOLIS and a 1 : 10 000 orthophoto

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SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC

QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

[Adapted from Success with exams]

1.1.1 A settlement that is isolated.

1.1.3 A settlement that is a wet point.

1.1.4 A settlement that has a linear shape.

1.1.5 A dry point settlement.

1.1.6 A settlement built in the gap/pass.

1.1.7 A settlement pattern which results in less social contact.

1.1.8 A choice of site of this settlement is influenced by soil fertility.

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SOUTH AFRICA'S LAND REFORM EFFORTS LACK FOCUS ON

1.3.1 Define the term land reform. (1 x 2) (2)

1.4 Refer to the infographic on a commercial decentralisation in the Buffalo City

MDANTSANE CITY TURNS EIGHT AND EXEMPLIFIES

[Adapted from za.toponavi.com]

1.4.1 The movement of commercial functions out of the CBD is commercial

1.4.2 The shopping centre in Mdantsane is an outlying (business

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1.5 Refer to the extract below on informal settlements.

STUDENT TEACHERS SHARE IDEAS ABOUT IMPROVING INFORMAL

These unplanned settlements lack resources, infrastructure and basic

The growth of unplanned settlements also creates challenges for healthcare

1.5.1 Informal settlements are located in (rural/urban) areas. (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 Informal settlements result in (counter-urbanisation/urban sprawl).

1.5.6 Suggest measures government could implement to address the

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QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

A Gross National Product

2.1.2 … form(s) part of the tertiary sector of the economy.

A Electricity, gas and water

2.1.3 Construction forms part of the … sector.

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A General government services

2.1.5 … contributed the least to the primary sector.

A Mining and quarrying

2.1.6 … dominated the secondary sector.

A General government services

2.1.7 … contributed the least to the South African economy.