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Phy Project

phy

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28 views17 pages

Phy Project

phy

Uploaded by

debodeb141
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDEX

Aim of project
Earth’s Magnetic project
Apparatus Required

Tangent Galvanometer

Finding Earth’s magnetic field

Precautions
Bibliography

Aim of project
To study earth’s magnetic field using a
compass needle bar magnet by plotting
magnetic field lines and tangent
galvanometer.
EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD

Earth's magnetic field is a complex and


dynamic force that surrounds the planet.
It is generated by the movement of molten
iron and nickel in the outer core of the
Earth. The movement of these electrically
charged materials creates electric
currents, which, in turn, generate the
magnetic field.
Earth's magnetic field is not only essential
for practical applications like navigation
but also crucial for scientific research
across. The information obtained through
magnetic field measurements contributes
to a deeper understanding of our planet's
structure, dynamics, and interactions
with the solar system.

Required Apparatus
1. Bar Magnet: Generates a magnetic
field; its orientation can be adjusted.

0. Compass Needle: Detects and aligns


with magnetic field lines.

0. Graph Paper: Used for mapping and


recording compass needle positions.

0. Tangent Galvanometer: Measures


magnetic field strength; coil suspended in
the field.

0. Ruler: Provides accurate measurements


on graph paper.
0. Conducting Wires: Connects tangent
galvanometer to the bar magnet.

0. Non-Magnetic Surface: Platform to


place the bar magnet, preventing
interference.

0. Lab Stand or Support: Holds the bar


magnet in place for stability.

TANGENT GALVANOMETER

A tangent galvanometer is an instrument


used to measure the strength and
direction of a magnetic field. It operates
on the principle of the interaction
between a magnetic field and an electric
current flowing through a coil of wire.

A tangent galvanometer is a simple yet


effective instrument for measuring the
strength of magnetic fields. Its design and
operation make it a valuable tool for the
study of magnetism and
electromagnetism.
Finding the earth’s magnetic field using a
compass needle bar magnet by plotting
magnetic field lines and tangent
galvanometer.

STEPS:-
1. Setting up the Experiment:
 Place the bar magnet on a flat, non-
magnetic surface to ensure stability.
 Ensure the bar magnet is free to rotate so
that its orientation can be adjusted during
the experiment.
 Confirm that the experiment is
conducted in an area with minimal
external magnetic interference.

2. Finding the Magnetic North:


 Allow the bar magnet to come to rest.
 Identify the end pointing towards the
Earth's geographic north as the magnetic
north pole. This is the end that attracts
the north-seeking pole of a compass.
3. Placing the Compass Needle:
 Position the compass needle near the
north pole of the bar magnet.
 Observe and note the direction in which
the compass needle aligns itself. This
direction represents the local magnetic
field direction.

4. Marking Points:
 Mark the position of the compass needle
on the graph paper.
 Rotate the bar magnet to different angles
and repeat, marking new positions of the
compass needle.
 This step helps in creating a set of data
points for mapping the magnetic field
lines.

5. Connecting Points:
 Connect the marked points on the graph
paper to form a smooth line.
 This line represents the direction of the
magnetic field at those points around the
bar magnet. Magnetic field lines
typically extend from the north pole to
the south pole.
6. Repeat for Different Locations:
 Move the bar magnet to different
locations on the graph paper.
 Repeat steps 3-5 for each new location to
create a map of magnetic field lines
around the magnet.
 This step helps in observing how the
magnetic field lines vary at different
positions.

7. Using the Tangent Galvanometer:


 Place the tangent galvanometer near the
bar magnet.
 Connect the galvanometer to the bar
magnet using conducting wires.
 Adjust the orientation of the bar magnet
to align it with the magnetic meridian
(the north-south direction).

8. Mapping Magnetic Field Lines:


 Record the deflection angle of the
galvanometer needle when aligned with
the magnetic meridian.
 Combine data from the compass needle
and tangent galvanometer readings.
 Use the compass needle data to
determine the direction of the magnetic
field lines and the galvanometer readings
for an estimate of the field strength.
 Map the magnetic field lines on the
graph paper by considering both
direction and strength information.

9. Analysis:
 Analyze the magnetic field lines to
understand Earth's magnetic field at
different locations.
 Note any patterns or variations in
strength and direction.
 Compare and contrast the qualitative
information obtained from the compass
needle with the quantitative information
from the tangent galvanometer.
PRECAUTIONS:
Ensure the stability of the bar magnet
during measurements.
 Take readings at various distances and
angles from the magnet.
 Account for and minimize external
magnetic influences.
Follow safety guidelines and procedures
in the laboratory.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?
leph1=0-8

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth
%27s_magnetic_field

 https://www.niser.ac.in/sps/sites/
default/files/basic_page/Tangent
%20Galvanometer.pdf

 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/bar-
magnet/
 https://www.sciencephoto.com/

 https://iitr.ac.in/Academics/static/
Department/Physics/Preparatory/
Spring/2._Bar_magnet.pdf.

THANK YOU

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